Mimicry a cikin tsire-tsire

Tsire-tsire sun haɓaka hanyoyi daban-daban na daidaitawa da rayuwa. Dogaro da yanayin da aka samo a mahallansu, tsawon shekaru sun cimma abubuwa na ban mamaki da gaske, kamar ɓoyewa a cikin hamada inda fewan dabbobin da ke wurin ke ɓatar da lokacinsu mai yawa.

Amma ta yaya suke yin hakan? Da kyau, akwai hanyoyi da yawa. Don haka Bari mu ga abin da kwaikwayon ya kunsa a tsire-tsire, kuma menene misalan da zasu iya jan hankalin mu sosai.

Menene mimicry?

Kodayake don fahimtar kwaikwayon tsirrai, da farko dole ne mu san menene ma'anar waccan kalmar. Tabbas kun riga kun san abin da ake nufi, amma idan kuna da shakka, ya kamata ku san wannan kwaikwayon Ikirari ne cewa wasu halittu (dabbobi ne ko tsirrai) dole su sami wata fa'ida da zata amfane su.

An san nau'ikan daban-daban:

• Atomatik: Yana faruwa ne yayin da wani sashi na jikin dabba ya gauraya da wani mai rauni. Ta wannan hanyar, zaku iya karkatar da hankalin maƙiyinku kuma ku tsere. Misali, akwai kifin wanda jelarsa kamar ta kansa, wanda shi ne bangaren da mai farautar ke son ya kai wa hari. Wutsiya, kamar yadda ba haka ba, yana taimaka maka ka rayu.
• Nuna zalunci: Yana faruwa ne yayin da dabba mai farauta, ko wata cuta mai kama da cuta, tayi kama da wani wanda bashi da lahani. Misali, wasu mantuttukan na iya wucewa don furanni don yaudarar wadanda suke cutar.
• Bakerian mimicry: yana faruwa ne lokacin da nau'in shuka ke da fure kusan namiji da mace.
• Misalin Batesian: yana faruwa ne lokacin da dabba mara hadari tayi kama da wata ma'ana. Misali, kudaje a cikin dangin Bombyliidae suna kama da wasu wasps, don haka zasu iya bunkasa.
• Ganye mimicry: yana faruwa idan tsiro yayi kama da wanda yake kusa da shi sosai.
• Dodsonian mimicry: yana faruwa ne lokacin da tsire-tsire suke da furanni waɗanda suke kamanceceniya da na wani nau'in.
• Mullerian mimicry: Yana faruwa ne yayin da dabbobi ke da wata sifa da zata iya kiyaye su, kamar ɗanɗano mara kyau. Ana iya cewa, godiya ga wannan, suna "ilimantar" da masu cin abincinsu tun suna ƙuruciya, tunda har yanzu suna koyon abin da ake ci da abin da ba shi ba.
• Nuna mimicry mara gani: Yana faruwa sosai a cikin wasu dabbobi, amma kuma a cikin tsire-tsire. Misali, suna iya amfani da kamshin su don jawo hankalin masu zaben su.
• Mimicry: Pouyannian: Yana faruwa ne lokacinda fure take kama da kwari mai lalata mace.
• Kwaikwayon Vavilovian: yana faruwa ne lokacin da aka zaɓi tsire-tsire saboda yayi kama da wani wanda an riga an noma shi.

Misalan kwaikwayo a cikin tsirrai

Yanzu tunda munga duk nau'ukan kwaikwayon da ke akwai, na dabbobi da tsirrai, lokaci yayi da zamu maida hankali akan na baya. Kodayake kwaikwayon tsirrai ba shi da kyau kamar na dabbobi, yana da ban sha'awa tunda zai iya yi mana amfani, alal misali, don shuka nau'ikan da wataƙila suna buƙatar wani nau'in kariya.

Amorphophallus titanum

Akwai tsire-tsire da yawa waɗanda ke ba da ƙanshin ƙanshi mara daɗi don jawo hankalin kwari waɗanda ke son ƙanshin. Amma idan akwai wanda ya cancanci kasancewa a cikin wannan jeri, babu shakka shi ne Amorphophallus titanum. Wanda aka fi sani da furen gawa, tsire-tsire ne na asalin gandun dajin Sumatra (Indonesia) yana haɓaka ƙwanƙwasawa har zuwa mita 3, wanda ke jan ƙuda. Bayan haka, za su saka ƙwayayensu a ciki, daga abin da tsutsar saprophagous za ta fito (ma'ana, larvae wadanda suke ciyarwa akan lalacewar kwayoyin halitta).

Sundew

Shuke-shuke masu cin nama na jinsin halittar Sundew haɓaka ganye waɗanda gajeren gajere masu tushe suka rufe a ƙarshen abin da yake kama da raɓa, amma ainihin mucilage ne. Wannan abu ne mai matukar tsini don kwari, wanda ya ƙare da kama shi.

Ophrys apifera

La Ophrys apifera itace orchid ta Turai wacce furaninta yayi kama da ƙudan zuma mata, ta kowace hanya: siffa, launuka ... da wari. Lokacin da kudan zuma ke jin ƙamshin, ba zai iya jurewa zuwa fure da ƙoƙarin yin kwafayi da shi ba. Don yin wannan, dole ne ku gabatar da ciki a cikin calyx, wanda ke karɓar 'wanka' na pollen wanda zai ɗauke da wani orchid.

Kundin album

El Kundin album Ganye ne da aka fi sani da farin nettle, kuma asalinsa asalin Turai ne. Yana raba mazauni tare da 'gaskiya' nettle, ma'ana, ganyayyaki na jinsi Urtica, kuma da alama cewa bayan lokaci ta fahimci hakan, saboda suna da halaye iri ɗaya, dabbobin sun bar ta ita kaɗai. Abin birgewa shine duka launin furannin su da ƙamshin su sun banbanta sosai: a zahiri, yayin da nettles na gaskiya ke samar da furanni masu ɗanɗano kuma suna ba da ƙanshi mara daɗi, Kundin album Yana da fararen furanni kuma da kyar yaji warin komai.

lithops

da lithops ana san su da duwatsu masu rai don dalili: suna iya tafiya ba tare da lura ba, don haɗuwa da su muhalli. Sun kasance asalinsu ne daga kudancin Afirka, kuma kusan 109 nau'ikan launuka daban-daban an san su: masu launin kore, launuka masu laushi, shuɗi.

Shin kun san wasu misalai na kwaikwayo a cikin tsirrai?