El Monochamus galloprovincial karamin kwari ne, musamman kwaro, wanda ke aiki a matsayin vector don ɗaukar daga itacen pine ɗaya zuwa wani ƙaramin tsutsa wanda zai iya kashe ɗaruruwan conifers da sauran nau'in bishiyoyi a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Jinsi ne wanda ya fito daga Arewacin Amurka, a matsayin ƙarami kamar yadda yake na mutuwa. Wannan kwaro da ake kira kuma pine dogon, na dangin mahaifa ne, wanda radius din aikinsa bai wuce kilomita sama da 3 ba a duk rayuwarsa.
Halayen Monochamus galloprovincial
Yayin da suka balaga, wadannan kwari suna kaiwa conifers dauke da kananan tsutsotsi a eriya, wanda kuma daga bishiyar da ta riga ta kamu.
Da zarar can, nematode ko tsutsa tana shiga cikin itaciyar ta amfani da tsargin fungi, wanda yawanci a cikinsu yake kuma, ratsawa ta raunin da waɗannan bishiyoyin suke da shi, ma'ana, duk wani tsagewar da aka yi a saman haushi yana da kyau a shiga cikin cutar da ƙwayar.
A lokaci guda, wannan a cikin tsarin ɓarna, ya ba da jerin siliman a cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren pine ɗin, wanda ke sa ya rasa kyakkyawan ɓangare na ƙwarewarta da ƙimar kasuwanci koda kuwa ta karɓi jiyya tare da samfuran sunadarai.
Ta yaya yake shafar shuka?
Lokacin da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suka shiga itacen pine, mamaye mamaye tashoshin guduro kuma a can suke ciyarwa akan parenchyma da ke cikin waɗannan tashoshin, har ma da ƙwayoyin halittar jini. Lokacin da magudanar resin ta shafa, babu sauran samar da guduro, wanda ke hana gumi na allurai.
Zuwan anjima pine ta fara nuna alamun rashin kamuwa da cuta, neman bushe da launin rawaya a cikin atria. Zai yiwu a lura da allurar launin ruwan kasa zuwa rawaya a jikin rassan, duk da haka, a cikin mafi ƙarancin watanni 3 itacen zai mutu.
Wannan karamar kwayar tana da babban karfin daidaitawa albarkacin girman filastik dinta. Don cimma dacewa mai kyau, yanayi mai sanyin jiki ya isa wanda ke sama da digiri 20 a lokacin bazara, yana da sauƙin rarrabawa a tsawan ƙasa da mita 1.000.
Saboda wadannan dalilai shine a zamanin yau abu ne gama gari a lura da kasancewar su a yankin kudu na Pontevedra da kuma a Extremadura, inda yawan mutuwar bishiyoyi tsakanin watan Yuli da Agusta lokacin da yanayin zafi ke sauka tsakanin digiri 20 zuwa 25, ya bayyana.
Bugu da kari, akwai wasu abubuwan da suka dace da wannan nematode don daidaitawa kuma yana bunkasa cikin sauri a cikin bishiyoyin, waɗannan kasancewar rashin ruwan sama, wanda ke haifar da damuwa a cikin bishiyoyin a lokacin bazara.
Me za ayi idan aka gano cutar a cikin bishiyoyi?
Idan an sami pine da cutar, dole ne a sanar da hukuma nan take wararru a cikin batutuwan gandun daji don ƙaddamar da matakan da suka dace wanda shari'ar ta bayar.
Abin da aka yi a waɗannan lamuran shi ne ƙayyade abin da ake kira shiyyar A, wanda ya fara daga kilomita 1 zuwa 2 a cikin radius inda aka gano abin da ya fi mayar da hankali. A can, dole ne a yi amfani da matakan kawar da abubuwan da ake da su, daga cikinsu sare bishiyoyin a matsayin mafi tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma a lokaci guda yana da tasiri.
Ana yin wannan faduwa a cikin radius wanda ya hada da kilomita na farko na asalin kamuwa da cutar, wanda ke hana ƙwaro yin gaba. Akwai ma wuraren da ake yin aikin har zuwa kilomita 1,5, koda kuwa lokacin da wannan ya shafi kadada mai yawan samar da kayayyaki.
Abin lura ne cewa a lokacin hunturu, wannan nematode yana neman fadawa cikin wani irin kasala, amma da zarar yanayin zafi ya fara zama mafi girma, idan ya kai yanayi mafi kyau to lallai zai fadada. Saboda wannan dalili, dole ne a yi yankan wuri-wuri.
A cikin layi daya, ana ɗaukar wasu ayyuka waɗanda ke aiki don kawar da hanyoyin samun abinci ga vector. Monochamus galloprovincial, ya ƙunshi kawar da matattun bishiyoyi ko kan aiwatar a cikin radius na kilomita 20.
Duk wannan itacen da aka sare a cikin waɗannan kilomita 20 ɗin da aka ɗauka keɓewa, an iyakance shi don sayarwa sai dai idan sun sami magani da ya wuce ƙaddamar da shi zuwa yanayin zafi mai yawa a cikin ɗakunan, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar mai cutar idan har yanzu suna cikin katako.
Yaushe yaduwar wannan annoba ta fara?
Ya fara ne a cikin 1999 a Fotigal, inda akwai manyan yankuna na bishiyoyi waɗanda aka yi wa lahani ƙwarai, wanda a zahiri a cikin 2018, an riga an rufe yanki mafi girma fiye da rabi. A gefe guda, a cikin Spain don wannan shekarar akwai maɓuɓɓun maɓamai guda 6 a mahimmin matakin da ke cikin Extremadura, Castilla y León da Galicia.
Game da yankunan da ke da matukar girman yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar a Spain, waɗannan an san su sosai bisa ga tsarin yaduwa wanda ke da tabbaci na UPM da Cibiyar Nazarin Hadin gwiwa ta Hukumar Tarayyar Turai.
Wannan samfurin yana da matukar amfani tunda yana bada damar hango wanne wurare ne inda kwaro zai iya shiga Spain, dangane da sanannun wuraren da cutar ta bulla a makwabciyar kasar Portugal kuma a cikin ta ba a ɗauki matakan kula da inganci ba.
Abun takaici, wannan sanannen mai nematode a kimiyyance, masani wajen lalata itacen pine, ya shiga cikin wannan nau'in, wanda Yana aiki azaman kyakkyawan vector don iya zuwa bishiyoyi daban-daban inda aka kafa shi tare da sakamako na mutuwa koyaushe saboda shi, tunda yana ƙare da mutuwa cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci.
Wannan vector ba komai bane face karamar ƙwaro a cikin fauna ta ƙasar Spain, wanda ake kira da suna longicorn pine saboda dogayen eriya. Wannan karamin kwaro na kasarYana samo tushen abinci a cikin rassan pine masu taushi kuma lokaci zuwa lokaci a cikin sha'awar abinci, yana ɗaukar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta daga itace zuwa itace.
Amma ba duk abin da take yi ba ne don sauƙaƙe yaduwar nematode, tunda duka halittun suna da tsarin rayuwarsu da ta ɗayan, wato, yayin da ƙwaro ke samar da sabbin bishiyoyi ga kwayar cutar wacce ba zai yuwu a iya kaiwa gareta ba, tana saka ladan aikinta da samfuran marasa ƙarfi inda zata iya ajiyewa, wanda hakan ba zai yiwu ba a cikin mai lafiya tunda matsin lamba na yau da kullun na resin ba zai ƙyale shi ba.
Nematode sau ɗaya acikin bishiyar saki gagarumin ci kuma yana hayayyafa da saurin firgitawa, wanda daidai gwargwado yana haifar da lalacewa da ba za a iya gyarawa ba ta hana ruwa ya bi ta bishiyar, yana kawo ƙarshen rayuwarsa da sauri.