Waɗanne nau'ikan algae ake dasu?

Shiga cikin duniyar algae abin birgewa ne lokacin da kake son sanin tarihin juyin halitta na shuke-shuke, kuma wannan saboda Mulkin Plantae kamar yadda muka san shi a yau, yana da asalinsa a cikin teku. A can ne, a cikin babban tekun da ke wanka da yawa daga cikin duniyar da ke maraba da mu, inda rayuwar tsirrai ta faro kimanin shekaru biliyan 3500 da suka wuce.

Shekaru miliyan uku bayan haka, tsire-tsire na farko na duniya za su bayyana, bryophytes. A halin yanzu, masana sunyi nasarar gano nau'ikan algae, na layuka daban-daban na kwayar halitta, ko kuma idan ka fi so, manyan rukunin dangi guda uku na wadannan tsirrai: kowane daya yana da halaye irin nasa, da irin abubuwan da yake so a rayuwa.

Menene algae?

Idan ka taba zuwa bakin teku, ko kuma kana daya daga cikin wadanda ke jin dadin ruwa, tabbas ka iya ganin algae iri-iri a lokuta fiye da daya. Amma menene su? Kazalika, halittu ne da suke da damar daukar hotuna da kuma samar da iskar carbon dioxide, wanda ke sanya mafi yawan jinsunan kore; Koyaya, wannan aikin ana aiwatar dashi daban da shuke-shuke, tunda basu da duka biyun xylem kamar na phloem, wato a ce, na tasoshin da ake jigilar ruwan itace kuma, saboda haka, har ila yau abinci.

Don rikitar da abubuwa kaɗan, na iya zama unicellular ko multicellular kwayoyin, suna da girman da ƙyar za a iya gani a idanun ɗan adam, ko auna fiye da mita 30. Saboda haka, watakila mai zuwa ya kamata a tambaya:

Ta yaya haske yake shafar algae?

Hasken rana yana da mahimmanci ga shuke-shuke don aiwatar da photosynthesis. Wannan haka yake a cikin algae? Amsar ita ce eh, tunda jaruman mu suna da launuka masu dauke da hotuna, wadanda suke shakar hasken rana wanda yake zuwa daga waje. Saboda haka, su kwayoyin halitta ne, kodayake akwai wasu da zasu iya zama heterotrophic tunda basu da launuka, shi yasa suke dogaro da wasu halittu.

Amma yaya game da manyan algae waɗanda ke cikin gandun daji, ko waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin zurfin? Hakanan suna kama hasken tauraron sarki, amma a bayyane yake a cikin ƙasa da yawa. Saboda wannan, sun haɓaka don haɓaka ƙarin launuka.

Menene nau'ikan algae?

Ana iya rarraba algae ta hanyoyi da yawa: gwargwadon kasancewarsu uni ko multicellular, gwargwadon yadda suke ciyarwa, launukan launuka ... Don sauƙaƙa fahimtar algae, na yanke shawarar rarraba su gwargwadon tsarin rayuwarsu; wato la'akari da inda suke samun abincinsu.

Saboda haka, kuma kamar yadda muka yi tsokaci a baya, muna da:

Prokaryotic autotrophs

Su cyanobacteria ne, kwayayen da ke iya daukar hoto ba tare da dogaro da wata halitta ba. Kodayake ƙwayoyin jikinsu ƙanana ne, ƙanana ne, kaɗan ne kawai a cikin mitoci, amma sun fi sauran kwayoyin cuta girma.

Akwai maganganu daban-daban da ra'ayoyi game da lokacin da suka fara bayyana, amma an yi imanin cewa za su iya fara juyin halitta, aƙalla shekaru miliyan 3500 da suka gabata. Da yawa daga baya, zasu ba da izinin shuke-shuke don fara nasu juyin halittar, godiya ga plastids.

Plastids gabobi ne wadanda ke canza makamashin Rana zuwa makamashin sunadarai, wani abu da muka sani a matsayin hoto. Don haka, duka itace mafi girma da ƙaramin ciyawa suna da magabatan juna wanda, don ganin shi, ana buƙatar microscope na musamman.

Eukaryotic algae

Algae ne waɗanda suke da chloroplasts, don haka suna aiwatar da hotuna. Amma yayin da akwai wasu da suke samun su ta hanyar rayuwa a cikin cyanobacterium (wani abu da aka sani da endosymbiosis), akwai wasu kuma waɗanda suke samun su ta wasu hanyoyi. Don haka, ana iya rarraba waɗannan zuwa rukuni uku:

primoplantae

Sun fito ne daga cyanobacteria. Algae na Eukaryotic suna da bangon tantanin halitta wanda aka yi da cellulose, kuma manyan layuka uku sun bambanta da su:

• Glaucophytes: sune algae unicellular da ke rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai tsabta. Suna da filastik da ake kira cianelles, kamar cyanobacteria, da kuma chlorophyll na duniya (nau'in a). Ana samun su a cikin ruwan sabo.
• Red algae: Suna iya zama shuke-shuke ko fitattu, kuma kwayoyin ne waɗanda gabaɗaya suke rayuwa a cikin teku. Hakanan suna da nau'in chlorophyll.
• Koren algae: Mafi yawansu suna rayuwa cikin ruwa mai kyau, kuma suna da chlorophyll a da b.

Chromophyte algae

Algae ne waɗanda chloroplasts suke samun su ta hanyar rayuwa cikin algae ja. Wadannan chloroplasts suna da membranes hudu da chlorophyll na nau'in a da b.

• Brown algae: su kwayoyin halitta ne masu yawa kuma suna rayuwa galibi cikin teku. Su ne rukunin da ke kafa gandun daji na karkashin ruwa.
• Gwanin ruwan zinare: basu da salula, kuma suna rayuwa cikin ruwa mai asali.
• Green-yellow algae: waɗannan unicellular ne ko mulkin mallaka algae, waɗanda ke rayuwa cikin ruwa mai kyau.
• Ciwan ciki: su unicellular ne, na ruwa duk da cewa akwai wasu wadanda suke da ruwa mai kyau. Bangon kwayar sa an yi shi da siliki.
• Silicoflagellate: waɗannan sune algae unicellular, wanda ke rayuwa cikin ruwa da cikin ƙasa.
• Haptophytes: su kwayoyin halitta ne wadanda yawanci yakan kare akan tekun.
• Cryptophytes: su kwayoyin halitta ne wadanda basa rayuwa acikin ruwan teku.

Sauran kungiyoyin

Akwai wasu rukuni na kwayoyin da ke samun chloroplasts daga endosymbiosis kuma wannan bazai iya ɓacewa cikin wannan labarin ba, kamar waɗannan:

• Chloraracne algae: basu da salula, kuma suna bayyana a cikin tekuna masu zafi.
• Euglenidae: su kwayoyin halittu ne wadanda suke rayuwa cikin ruwa mai dadi.
• Dinoflagellate: ana samun chloroplasts daga ja algae.

Menene algae mai cin abinci?

Idan kuna sha'awar sanin waɗanne shahararrun nau'ikan tsire-tsire ne masu ci, lokaci yayi da za ku amsa tambayarku. Anan zamuyi magana akan uku daga cikin sanannun sanannun:

Zaki (Palmaria palmata)

Dulse wani nau'in jan algae ne 'yan asalin yankin Tekun Atlantika da Fasifik. Kyakkyawan launinsa mai launin ja da laushi ya sanya shi abinci na musamman, kuma ana iya cinsa ɗanye ba tare da matsala ba; kodayake shima ana iya sanya shi a cikin salati.

Spaghetti na Ruwa (Himanthalia elongata)

Spaghetti na teku shine nau'in ruwan teku mai ruwan kasa wanda mun sami a cikin dutse mai zurfi da zurfi, kusan koyaushe a cikin farin ruwa. A cikin kicin ana amfani dashi ko'ina don haɗuwa da shinkafa, amma kuma yana da kyau a cikin salat.

Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida)

Nau'in ruwan teku mai ruwan kasa ne cewa zaune a cikin pacific teku, inda, alal misali, Jafananci suna amfani da shi da yawa don yin shahararsu -da wadata sosai, ta hanyar- miso miya. Tabbas, jinsin ana daukar shi daya daga cikin 100 masu hadari da cutarwa a duniya ta Kungiyar Hadin Kan Kasashen Duniya (IUCN).

Shin kun san sauran nau'ikan algae?