Wannan shine yadda furanni suke fiye da shekaru miliyan 100 da suka gabata

Juyin halittar tsirrai abune mai kayatarwa, tunda daruruwan miliyoyin shekaru sun shude daga farkon koren algae zuwa bayyanar jinsunan zamani. Amma idan muka maida hankali kan binciken wadanda ke samar da furanni da kuma wadanda ke kare kwayayensu a cikin 'ya'yan itace, kasada ta ilimi ya fi ban sha'awa idan zai yiwu, saboda a yau galibin tsirrai masu kawata lambunanmu da gidajenmu suna da wadannan halaye.

A saboda wannan dalili, masu binciken ba za su daina ba har sai dukkan shakku da suka taso kuma suke bayyana a yau. Godiya ga wannan, a yau zamu iya sanin yadda furannin tarihi suka kasance.

Menene tsire-tsire masu furanni?

Wadannan nau'ikan tsire-tsire an san su da angiosperms. Wancan suna ne da ya zo daga Girkanci, kuma ya ƙunshi angión (yana nufin gilashi ko amphora), da kuma maniyyi (iri). Watau, angiosperms su ne tsire-tsire masu kare tsaba a cikin 'ya'yan itace. Amma ban da wannan, yawanci suna samar da furanni masu ban sha'awa.

An yi imanin cewa sun fara juyin halitta ne a lokacin Cretaceous, kimanin shekaru miliyan 140 da suka gabata. A wancan lokacin babu wani daga cikinmu da zai samu sauki cikin rayuwa, tunda Duniyar dinosaur ce ke mulkarta, kuma yanayin yana da dumi sosai fiye da yau, musamman a farkon da tsakiyar zamani, lokacin da yanayin zafin ruwan teku mai zafi Suna tsakanin 9 da 12ºC sama da yadda ake yanzu.

Tare da irin wannan yanayi mai dumi, kwari sun sami damar girma da yaduwa, wani abu da tabbas zai 'tilasta' yanayin shuka don nemo wasu hanyoyin da zasu dace da yanayin. Ofayan waɗannan hanyoyi shine bayyanar furannin launuka masu jan hankali, sifofi da / ko ƙanshin waɗannan kwari. Tun daga wannan lokacin, dukkanin tsire-tsire masu banƙyama da dabbobi (musamman ma ciyayi da abubuwa masu ban al'ajabi) sun iya haɓaka cikin sauri, suna daidaitawa mafi kyau da kyau zuwa wurin da suke zaune.

Yaya furannin farko suka kasance?

A halin yanzu, mun yi sa'a da za mu iya rayuwa a duniyar duniyar inda akwai wasu nau'in 300.000 na tsire-tsire masu banƙyama waɗanda ke rayuwa a wani wuri a duniya. Bishiyoyi, shrubs, dabino, bulbous, herbaceous, hawa shuke-shuke, cacti da succulents ... a cikin bishiyar.

Amma daya daga cikin shakku wadanda suka fi shaawar warwarewa shine: yaya furen farko yake? Menene halayenta? Shin yayi kama da sauran furannin zamani? Da kyau, ya zama cewa binciken da aka buga a cikin mujallar kimiyya Nature, yana nuna wanda shine, bari mu zama masu gaskiya, kyawawa sosai.

Don samun ƙarancin ra'ayi game da yadda suke, abin da masu binciken suka yi shine hada nau'ukan juyin halitta da dama da jerin filayen data yanzu. Flowersan furanni da suka yi aiki don binciken sune, misali, waɗanda suke na willow, magnolia, lily ko Tsuntsu daga aljanna.

Sakamakon ya nuna cewa filawar farko itace hermaphrodite, wato, yana da sassan maza da mata, kuma wancan petals dinsa aka tsara su uku uku. Game da girma da launi, yana da ɗan wahalar faɗi. Tare da bayanan da suka yi amfani da su, da alama fari ne, kuma matsakaici ne, watakila santimita 3-4 a diamita, amma kamar yadda na ce, ba tare da ƙarin bayani ba wannan har yanzu ra'ayoyi ne kawai.

A ina aka gano furen mafi tsufa?

Zuwa yanzu, mun yi magana game da gwajin kimiyya, amma… yanzu bari mu matsa zuwa ga burbushin halittu. Ina furen farko? Da kyau, zaku iya mamakin: an samo ragowar furen farko a Spain, musamman, a cikin yankin tsaunuka tsakanin Lleida da Huesca, a cikin Tsarin Iberian da Sierra del Montsec.

Sunan kimiyya shine Montsechia, kuma bisa ga wani binciken wanda jami’o’i daban-daban suka gudanar, kamar su Barcelona, ​​kuma aka buga su a cikin Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, sun gano cewa ya rayu shekaru miliyan 130 da suka gabata, a cikin Cretaceous kuma. Don sanin ainihin shekarun ta, halaye da kuma yadda rayuwar ta ke, masana sun yi bincike kan burbushin halittu sama da 1000, kuma sun san cewa shine mafi ban sha'awa, tunda ba shi da katako ko sepals, amma yana da 'ya'yan itacen da suka zama kariya ga tsaba, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka dauke shi angiosperm.

Har ila yau, ya iya rayuwa a ƙarƙashin ruwa, wani ruwa wanda yayi aiki a matsayin hanyar fure don isa ga wasu furanni don haka ya bata su, ya haifar da samfuran da yawa.

Sakamakon haka, babu shakka tsire-tsire ne wanda dole ne ya zama mafaka don rayuwar ruwa.

Me kuke tunani game da waɗannan furannin? Kamar yadda zaku iya gani, kodayake suna da tarihi, amma ba lallai bane suyi kyau sosai. Idan yau sun kasance kuma sun kasance kasuwa, shin kuna son shuka daya a gonarku ko baranda?