Aya, Cynara cardunculus, shukar kayan lambu ce wacce take ta dangi asteraceae. Thaya da atishoke ana ɗaukarsu a yau azaman nau'ikan kayan lambu ne guda biyu na ciyawar daji. Wannan asalinsa na Bahar Rum ne na Turai da Arewacin Afirka kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin tsire-tsire waɗanda suka wanzu kuma waɗanda aka watsar da su, amma a yau sun dawo da ƙarfi.
Bugu da kari, sarƙaƙƙiya ba ta da kyau a cikin ƙanshi da ƙarancin adadin kuzari, amma kuma ado ne sosai.
Ayyukan
A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa wannan tsiron yana haifar da rosette Tana da manya-manyan ganye waɗanda zasu iya auna tsayi zuwa mita da faɗi mita 0,6 kuma wannan ya rabu biyu.
Su masu ƙarancin ƙarfi ne, masu juzu'i kuma tare da farin ƙasa haka kuma suna iya yin hakan ya bayyana ribbing sosai. A cikin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa kuma daga tsakiyar rosette ana samar da ƙwarya wacce ke haƙarƙari, tare da ma'aunin kimanin santimita 150 a sama kimanin kuma inda saman yake rassa.
Yana da babbar kawunan fulawa waɗanda ke da alhakin samar da artichokes kuma tana da furanni wadanda suke da tubular da ake kira florets na kyakkyawan kalar violet, tare da fuka-fukan fuka-fukai da zafin nama wanda aka shirya a saman wurin ajiyar akwatin, wannan yana da ma'ana ta jiki kuma yana zagaye da tsoffin kwatancen oval da kuma nunawa. 'Ya'yan itacen alkama wani nau'in a ne launin ruwan kasa mai duhu tare da fure wanda yake da siliki.
Mayaƙan da sarƙaƙƙen ƙaya na iya rufe shi da ƙaya mai yawa, don haka kaɗan waɗanda ba za su iya ganuwa ba kuma na iya haifar da babban ciwo lokacin da suka yi mu'amala da fata. An ci gaba da amfanin gona daban-daban waɗanda ba su da ƙaya don haka za a iya shawo kan wannan damuwa ta wannan hanyar.
Noman ciyawa
Yawanci ana aiwatar da shi a cikin watan Afrilu ko Mayu kai tsaye a cikin filin, a kan ingantaccen ɗaki, ƙasa mai kyau da taushi. A cikin ƙasa wacce take da yumɓu, ya fi kyau maye gurbin wasu datti da wanda yafi laushi sanya tsaba da kyau. Ya kamata a sanya su kusan uku ko biyar a lokaci guda, tunda ba za a iya binne su da yawa ba.
Shuke-shuke waɗanda aka rarrabasu kuma suna da saurin ci gaba, suna ba da izinin wannan amfanin gonar ya haɗu da alayyafo, latas ko radish. Wajibi ne don takin da sarƙaƙƙiya ta hanyar da ta dace da samar da ban ruwa a cikin watannin bazara, da nufin cewa karafan sun fi fadi yawa kuma sun fi na jiki.
A cikin yankuna masu yanayin sanyi, a wasu lokuta yana iya zama dace don dasa ƙaya cikin tukwane a cikin watan Mayu da bayanta. dasa su cikin kasa kamar yadda ake shuka shuka kai tsaye.
Yana amfani
Ana cin tsutsa da sanduna ta blanching lokacin da ake gasawa kuma yawanci ana dafa su. Ana iya amfani da kawunan fure a cikin shirye-shiryen da suka haɗa da artichokes. Hakanan yana da kyawawan abubuwa don samar da nau'ikan nau'ikan cukuwar Iberiya. Ta wani bangaren kuma, yana yiwuwa a samu man biodiesel ta hanyar man da aka ciro daga 'ya'yan sa, wanda game da abin da ya kunsa quite kama da tsaba da sunflower.
Iri
Madara ƙaya
El madara thistle o Milyum Silybum Yana da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire waɗanda ke cikin gidan asteraceae da kuma wancan yana da asalinsa daga Bahar Rum. Ganyayyakin wannan tsiron suna da siffa mai kyau da sifa kimanin santimita 30; Ana rarraba basal dinsa ta hanyar wardi, gefuna suna da lobes waɗanda basu dace ba kazalika da ƙaya, na launi mai launi mai haske tare da farin jijiyoyi kuma mai auna tsakanin centimita 20 da 180.
Furannin suna da kalar ruwan hoda mai tsananin gaske, kodayake suma suna iya zama der a shudi-shudi wanda yawanci yakan bayyana a shekara ta biyu, mai auna tsayi zuwa santimita takwas.
Yana da takalmin gyaran kafa na waje cewa Suna da siffa kamar karu mai lankwasa tare da spines waɗanda suke a kaikaice. Wadanda suke matsakaici-na waje suna da kananan kashin baya kusa da wani irin koli wanda shima spiny ne. Suna buƙatar gado don shuka wanda aka shirya, mai taushi, matakin kuma sako sako, tunda ba kamar sauran nau'ikan tsire-tsire ba, wannan na iya gurɓata samfurin.
An bada shawarar ci gaba da shukawa a cikin watanni na kaka, a layukan da ke da tazara tsakanin santimita 60 da 70. Zurfin da ƙasa dole ne ya kasance dole ne ya kasance mai kama da juna don tsire-tsire su iya fitowa daidai, don haka kimanin santimita biyu zai isa. Weevils kwari ne waɗanda zasu iya haifar da mummunan lahani. Don cire su zaka iya amfani dasu kyakkyawan kulawar sinadarai wanda ya haɗa da wasu magungunan kwari, kamar yadda yake ba da kyakkyawan sakamako.
A borriquero ƙaya
El Onopordum acanthium ko kuma an san shi da sunan borriquero sarƙaƙƙiya, kamar ansarina ko borriquera artichoke, tsirrai ne wanda ke cikin iyali asteraceae da kuma cewa ya sami damar yin bajakwara a kowane yanki. Girmansa babba, ganye da tushe wanda yake da dumbin gashi tare da farin gashi da surorin da suke da launi na magenta, sanya wannan ƙaya daga cikin mafi kyau da kyau.
Zai iya auna tsakanin santimita 50 da 200. An rufe ginshiƙan ta spines waɗanda suke da ƙarfi ƙwarai, masu fuka-fukai, masu kaushin laushi, gashi masu ɗimbin yawa kuma da fararen gashi waɗanda ke rufe shi.
An tsara furannin a cikin surori waɗanda ke ba da bayyanar samun fure guda ɗaya, tare da fadin kimanin santimita hudu zuwa bakwai, wanda ke kewaye da takalmin gyaran kafa. An shirya ganyenta daban-daban kuma basu da petiole kuma ruwan wutarsa yana da siffa mai kama da manyan hakora kuma manyan goshi sun rufe ta.
A magani an yi amfani dashi azaman nau'in diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, azaman mai bada kuzari kuma a matsayin tsinkaye. Amma kuma an yi amfani dashi azaman maganin kashe kwari ga fata, tunda yana da kyau sosai wajen magance cututtukan fata, ƙonewa, eczema, ciwo da raunuka. A cikin abinci yawanci ana shirya su kamar bishiyar asparagus lokacin da kawunansu ke da taushi. Ganyen da zarar an bare su za'a iya dafa shi kamar kayan lambu, Tushen yana da taushi wanda za'a iya dafa shi don ayi masa man shanu.