Menene kwayar tsire-tsire kuma waɗanne ɓangarori take da ita?

Ba baƙon abu bane cewa muna tunanin cewa tsire-tsire halittu ne waɗanda, a bayyane yake, basa motsi kuma koyaushe suna da ƙari ko ƙasa da ɗaya. Cewa suna amsawa ga canjin yanayi, amma ... ƙaramin abu. Koyaya, gaskiyar shine idan muka ɗauki gilashin ƙara girman gilashi, ko muka ɗora zanen gado a kan hasken, za mu gane hakan ba tare da kwayar halitta ba babu wani daga cikinsu da zai sami rai, kuma ba za su zama yadda suke ba.

A cikin haushi, a cikin ɓangaren ganyayenta, a cikin ɓawon fure, ... a kowane ɓangaren shuke-shuke akwai ƙwayoyin halitta. Yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da suke da kamanceceniya da dabbobi, wadanda kuma suke "hade" da miliyoyin wadannan kananan halittu masu rai; Tabbas, namu ya ɗan bambanta saboda mu, misali, ba ma buƙatar ɗaukar hoto. Shin kana son sanin wane bangare kuma wane aiki yake da shi?

Mene ne wannan?

Na tuna lokacin da nake yarinya a karo na farko da na kalli ganye da gaske. Bawai ina nufin wucewa ta gefenshi ba da sauri, sai dai in kusanci shukar, in shafa shi, in taba ruwan ganyen, in lura da yanayin da yake da shi, launinsa, da kuma kamshinsa (wanda a wannan lokacin ni ba su da, kamar yadda aka saba kamar yadda na gano a kan lokaci). Amma har yanzu ina so in kara, kuma na lura da ita ta gilashin kara girman abu.

Na yi mamakin ganin abin da ke cikin ta. Waɗannan sifofin masu kusurwa huɗu su ne sel, waɗanda suke ba shi rai. Amma menene ainihin su? Kazalika, Su kwayoyin eukaryotic ne, ma'ana, suna da cytoplasm tare da kyakkyawan tsari.

Rarraba ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire

An rarraba ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire ta hanyoyi da yawa don ingantaccen nazari da fahimtar su:

Nau'uka bisa ga halayensu

• Kwayoyin Parenchyma, ko a wasu kalmomin, ƙwayoyin da ke da takamaiman aiki. Misali, canja wurin kwayoyin halitta suna da alhakin jigilar abubuwan gina jiki kuma, ban da haka, suna taimakawa ga hotunan hotuna. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna da bangon farko na siririya kuma mai haɗuwa, wanda ke basu damar jigilar kwayoyin tsakanin su.
• Kwayoyin Collenchyma, ko rigar mama Su ne waɗanda ke ba da sassauci, duka zuwa ga mai tushe da kuma bishiyoyin da jijiyoyin ganyayyaki. Suna kasancewa ne kawai a cikin samari da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire.
• Kwayoyin Sclerenchyma ko ƙwayoyin wuya. Suna aiki a matsayin tallafi na inji. Wannan rukunin ya hada da sikeli wadanda suke da bangon kwayar halitta mai kauri, kuma sune wadanda suke yin kyallen takarda da kyallen takarda.

Nau'in ƙwayoyin salula

• Xylem: su kwayoyin halitta ne waɗanda suke da sifa mai tsayi, ƙwararru ne wajen gudanar da ruwa.
• Phloem.
• Na epidermis: Su ƙwayoyin halitta ne na musamman waɗanda suke rufe saman dukkan sassan shukar, amma waɗanda asalinsu sun ɗan bambanta, tunda basu da kariya ta kowane layin ƙasa.

Menene sassan kwayar tsire-tsire? Kuma ayyukanta?

Yanzu da mun ga menene ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire, lokaci yayi ... da za mu ɗan zurfafa, ba shakka. Lokaci ya yi da za a san menene sassanta, da kuma ayyukan da kowannensu ke cikawa:

Bangon sel

Katangar ci gaba ce wacce aka shiryata ta microsporophylls cikin tsari. Duk da yake baya bada izinin ci gaban kwayar halitta, yana yin hakan na iya ƙara adadin ku na waɗannan microfibrils na cellulose.

Membrane na nukiliya

Yana da siriri mai laushi sosai wanda raba tsakiya daga cytoplasm. Tana da kananan ramuka wadanda ta hakane ake ba da damar shiga da fita daga kayan kwayar halitta.

Plasma membrane

Launi ne na waje cewa ya lulluɓe duka sel. Ya kunshi yafi na ruwan leda da sunadarai. A samansa yana da ƙananan ramuka waɗanda ke da mahimmanci a gare ta don musanya abubuwa tsakanin tantanin halitta da kewaye.

Babban

Yana da cibiyar kulawa na kwayar halitta, kuma wacce ke dauke da dukkan bayanan kwayoyin halitta a tsarin DNA, wanda ake kira Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

Cytoskeleton

Shin shine goyon baya da siffa da kwayar halitta, da kuma wanda yake kiyaye gabobin jikinsu a inda suka dace. Amma ba kawai wannan ba, har ma yana shiga cikin haɓakar ƙwayoyin halitta, motsi da haifuwa, da kuma musayar abubuwa tare da duniyar waje.

Cytoplasm

Ana samunta a cikin membrane plasma, banda tsakiya. Ya ƙunshi sinadarin cytosol, sassan jikin:

• Ticarshen endoplasmic: shine tsarin membranes wanda ke kewaye da cibiya. The santsi da kuma matsananci reticulum aka bambanta. Shine wanda ke kula da jigilar jigilar abubuwa a cikin kwayar halitta, kuma daya daga cikin wadanda ke shiga cikin hada sunadarai da ruwan shafawa.
• Cytosol: wanda aka fi sani da cytoplasmic matrix, shi ruwa ne wanda ake samu a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta.
• Plastids: Akwai nau'ikan guda biyu: na farko, wanda ake samu a mafi yawan tsirrai, da na sakandare, waɗanda kawai ake keɓancewa ga plankton. Suna samarwa da adana mahimman abubuwan sinadarai don a iya aiwatar da hotuna, amma kuma sune ke da alhakin hada lipids da amino acid, suna ba da launuka ga 'ya'yan itatuwa da furanni, a tsakanin sauran ayyuka.
• Leukoplasts: suna da alhakin adana abubuwa marasa launi kuma suna barin canzawar glucose.
• Chromoplasts: su ne waɗanda ke ba da launi ga sassan shukar.
• Chloroplasts: suna daga cikin mafiya mahimmanci, tunda sun canza makamashin Rana zuwa makamashin sunadarai, da waɗanda ke ƙunshe da chlorophyll, koren launin kore da tsiron yake dashi kuma yana da mahimmanci ga aiwatarwar photosynthesis.
• Mitochondria: sune, don haka don yin magana, hoarfin kuzari masu ƙarfi na ƙwayoyin halitta. Gabobi ne wadanda, wadanda aka lullubesu da wasu membran guda biyu, sune suke da alhakin aiwatar da numfashi ta inda ake samar da Adenosine Triphosphate ko ATP.
• Ribosomes: Su manyan gabobi ne wadanda suke dauke da ruwa kuma suna zagaye da wani fatar kwaya daya da ake kira tonoplast.
• Vacuole: shine babban kwayar halitta, wanda ke zagaye da tankar ruwa ko memori. Abin da ke sa kyallen takarda ya yi tsauri kenan.
• Kayan aikin Golgi: an yi shi da buɗaɗɗe da tsummoki a jaka. Aikinta shine aika abubuwa ta cikin membrane ɗin plasma.

Menene bambanci tsakanin kwayar dabbobi da tantanin tsire-tsire?

Dukkanansu suna da kusan sassa iri ɗaya, kamar yadda zaku iya gani a hoton da ke sama, amma ba iri ɗaya bane. A zahiri, kwayar dabba ba ta da bangon kwayar halitta ko chloroplasts, amma har yanzu akwai sauran: yayin da kayan marmari ke da babban kwaleji a cibiyarsu, muna da daya ko fiye, amma suna kanana.

Shuke-shuke ba su da wasu tsaran yara, wanda kwayar halitta ce wacce aikinta shine samuwar chromosomes, yayin da dabbobi sukeyi.

Don ƙarewa, za mu bar muku wannan bidiyon wanda zaku iya ganin dukkan sassan ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire: