Hoto - Interempresas.net
Akwai kwari da cututtuka da dama wadanda ke kai hari ga tsirrai, amma 'yan kaɗan sun zama sanannu a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci kamar Xylella fastidiosa. Wannan kwayar cutar, wacce take asalin California, tana shafar nau'ikan halittu masu matukar mahimmanci na tattalin arziki, kamar su zaitun ko itacen almond, don haka yawancin manoma suna yin duk mai yiwuwa don kare amfanin gonarsu.
En Jardinería On kuma don kashe ƙararrawar da aka ƙirƙira, za mu bayyana duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da wannan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Mene ne wannan?
Zaitun, ɗayan nau'ikan da abin ya shafa.
La Xylella fastidiosa kwayar cuta ce ta ajin proteobacteria wacce take asalin arewacin California. A cikin 2013 an gano shi a cikin kurmin zaitun a kudancin Italiya, inda kawai bayan shekaru 2 zai kawo ƙarshen tasirin miliyoyin zaitun. Amma ba a nan ya tsaya ba, amma a karshen shekarar 2016 an gano shi a Spain, musamman a Tsibirin Balearic, inda daga nan ne masana ilimin halittu ke sukar rashin kula da shigo da fitar da kayan lambu.
A ƙarshen Yuni 2017, an gano shi a karon farko a Yankin Iberian, a Guadalest (Alicante). Kuma a cikin Afrilu 2018 an gano shari'ar farko a Madrid, musamman a Villarejo.
Don lokacin ba a sami magani ba.
Yaya aka yada?
Wannan microorganism ana daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar maganin kwari wanda ke ciyar da ruwan itacen, kamar cercópidos (suna kama da ƙananan cicadas) musamman a lokacin bazara da bazara, wanda shine lokacin da yanayin zafi ya kasance tsakanin 26 da 28ºC matsakaici. Da zarar vector ya ciji tsire-tsire mai cutar, ƙwayoyin cutar za su ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin tsarin ciyarwar ƙwarin, wanda zai isar da shi zuwa ga shuka ta gaba da ke cizon.
Menene alamu?
Kwayar cututtukan na iya bambanta daga jinsuna zuwa nau'ikan, amma yawanci dole ka damu idan muka gani:
- Son ganye
- Ganye yana kama da ƙasa, baƙin ciki
- Bushewar ganye da rassa
- Chlorosis
- Mottled a cikin ganyayyaki
Waɗanne tsire-tsire yake shafar su?
La X. mai ban haushi Tana da shuke-shuke daban-daban sama da 100, tare da albarkatun itacen itace babbar albarkatun da abin ya shafa, kamar aguacate, Citrus, almond, peach, itacen inabi, oleander, dutse, elm, maple, ko lissambar.
Waɗanne matakai aka ɗauka don hana bazuwar?
Hoton - Agropopular.com
Wasu da basa son komai ga manoma ko masanan. A gefe daya, ba wai kawai tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa ba har ma waɗanda ke karɓar bakuncin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin radius na mita 100 ana kawar da su. Kari akan haka, an sanya tarkon chromatic don sarrafawa da kuma kawar da kwarin vector a cikin radius na mita 500.
A gefe guda, daga Ma'aikatar Muhalli na Tsibirin Balearic an yanke shawarar dakatar da fitarwa daga jerin nau'ikan nau'ikan tsire-tsire da zaku iya tuntuba a nan (shafi na 3).
Menene martani daga manoma da masana muhalli kasancewa?
Lokacin da irin wannan kwaro ke yaduwa wani lokacin manoma da masana muhalli basa tafiya hannu da hannu, wanda hakan na dabi'a ne. Tsohon a bayyane yake yana da kasuwanci kuma yana son samun kuɗi daga ciki; masu kula da muhalli suna sa ran a kula da muhalli. Amma game da Xylella, dukansu suna da manufa daya: kawar da wannan cuta ta yadda za'a iya dawo da amfanin gona da dabi'a, koda kadan kadan.
Saboda haka, kira da a yi duk mai yiwuwa don kawo karshen wannan matsalar, wanda yake kashe dubban daruruwan bishiyoyi. Ba tare da yin nisa da tafiya ba, a watan Maris na 2018 aka gano su 627 Barkewar cutar itacen zaitun a Tsibirin Balearic; wata daya bayan haka an sare duk bishiyoyi.
A game da Madrid, ba wai kawai an tumɓuke bishiyoyin da abin ya shafa ba, har ma waɗanda suke a cikin radius na mita 100. Duk waɗannan asara ne ga waɗanda suka shuka su da kuma mahalli. Don haka yana da gaggawa don samo ingantattun matakai don kawo ƙarshen Xylella fastidiosa.
Me za ku yi don kauce wa yada shi?
Gaskiyar ita ce, mutane ba za su iya yin abubuwa da yawa ba, tunda su ne ke kula da yin odar tsirrai daga wuraren gandun daji waɗanda dole ne su bi doka kuma su bi abin da aka nuna. Amma misali, kuma kamar yadda muka gani kadan a sama, a cikin tsibirin Balearic an hana mu daga aika wasu tsirrai, ko muna musamman ko a'a.
Bugu da kari, a yayin da muke tsammanin wani takamaiman shuka na iya kamuwa da cutar Ebola daga itacen zaitun, yana da mahimmanci a tuntubi sashen kiwon lafiya na shuka wanda ya dace da yankinmu.
A ƙarshe, dole ne mu sayi samfuran lafiya. Idan suna da ganye rawaya gabanin lokacinsu (misali, idan bishiyar bishiyar ce wacce ta rasa ganyenta a bazara), gangar jikin tana da kyau, ko kuma tana da kwari, ba za mu saya ba.
Idan kana da shakka, to kada ka yi jinkirin tambaya 🙂.