Kune mazhinji, zviuru zvemazana zvemakore, zvichingodaro kubvira isu, iyo Homo sapiens, takaonekwa papasi makore zviuru mazana maviri apfuura, takagara tiine hukama hwepedyo nemiti. Kutenda kwavari takakwanisa kuzvidzivirira kubva kuchando uye nezuva raipisa, takakwanisa kuzvidyisa isu uye, zvakare, takadzidza kupodza maronda uye zvimwe zvirwere.
Kubvunza kuti chii chinonzi ethnobotany kubvunza kuti ndeupi hukama hwatinahwo chaizvo neumambo hwezvirimwa uye saka nei vachikosha kwazvo kwatiri.
Ndeipi tsananguro ye ethnobotany?
Ethnobotany (kubva kumaGiriki ethnos zvinoreva vanhu nemiriwo webhodani) isainzi inodzidza hukama pakati pevanhu nemagariro avo emitindiko kuti, mashandisirwo uye nzira yatinayo yekuvatora muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvepasi uye panguva dzakasiyana.
Kunyangwe, sekutaura kwedu, tanga tichishandisa zvirimwa kutibatsira kwezviuru zvemakore, ethnobotany akaonekwa kutenderedza zana ramakumi manomwe nenomwe AD. C., apo chiremba wechiremba wechiremba wechiGiriki Dioscorides akaburitsa "De Materia Medica", bhuku rekutanga rine mazana matanhatu emiti yeMediterranean achitsanangura mashandisiro aaiitwa pakurapa. Mune ino inoratidzirwa herbarium iwe unogona kuve neruzivo nezve yega yega: kupi uye sei kwavakange vatorwa, kungave kana kuti kwete kwaive kune chepfu, kushandiswa kwazvino, kungave kwaidyiwa kana kwete. Kwezvizvarwa zvakawanda vadzidzi vakadzidza kubva kune ino herbarium, asi havana kupinda mundima iyi kusvika Middle Ages.
Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, vamwe vazhinji vakaburitsa mifananidzo yakakosha zvakaenzana, yakadai se "Species Plantarum" naCarlos Linnaeus (1753), kuna iye watine chikwereti neBinomial Nomenclature Method, mune ese marudzi ane mazita maviri (genus uye marudzi), kana »Zvirimwa zve vanhu veTewa »veNew Mexico, rakaburitswa naBarbara Freire-Marreco muna 1916.
Iko kushandiswa kwezvirimwa kunodzidziswa sei?
Maitiro ekudzidza mashandisiro emiti anotevera:
- Chokutanga, taura fungidziro. Semuenzaniso, kana ivo vachiziva kuti kune chirimwa chinogona kunge chiri chemushonga, ndepaya pavanoburitsa pfungwa yavo.
- Pashure vanoiongorora, mumabhuku uye munzvimbo yavo.
- Ipapo ivo vanounganidza huwandu uye ongorora iyo data.
- Pakupedzisira, dudzira zvabuda uye tarisa kufungidzira kwavo.
Sei zvakakosha?
Nekuda kwekudzidza kwezvirimwa, vanhu vese vanogona kubatsirwa nenzira imwechete kubva kwavari. Tinogona kuziva, nekuda kwemabhuku, ndezvipi zvirimwa zvinogona kubatsira kwatiri uye ndeapi asiri.
Ethnobotany inyaya inonakidza kwazvo, haufunge? 🙂