Chii chinonzi cycads?

Unoziva here kuti zvirimwa zvecycad chii? Nezita iwe raunogona kufunga nezve cica, iro rine zita resainzi Cycas revoluta, shrub inokurirwa zvakanyanya mumapindu nehari, uye zvirokwazvo haungarasike. Muchokwadi, iye ndomumwe wemhando dzinoumba iyi mhuri iyo yakatanga shanduko yayo maDinosaurs asati aita mazana emamirioni mazana matatu apfuura.

Ose akafanana, asi chokwadi ndechekuti kana iwe ukatanga kuzvienzanisa iwe unoona kuti vane zvidiki zvidiki zvinoita kuti zvive zvakasarudzika.

Kwakatangira uye hunhu hwecycads

Ma protagonists edu Idzo ndedzechinyakare zvirimwa, zvine mavambo anotangira kuPermian, Mazana emamirioni emakore apfuura uye akasvika panhongonya yekuwanda uye kusiyanisa muMesozoic, ndiko kuti, anenge makore mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu apfuura. Panguva iyoyo dinosaurs aigara kare muPasi, uye paive nevazhinji vaidya maccyads.

Panguva ino, inokura zvakasikwa muSouthern Hemisphere, senge kuMexico, Central America, Australia, South America, kana mativi eAfrica. Kunyangwe kusiyana kwayo kwemarudzi kuchiri kunakidza, nemazana matatu achigamuchirwa, zvinosuwisa kuti vazhinji vari munjodzi kana munzira yekutsakatika.

Ivo vanoiswa mukati meboka rejimnosperm zvinomera, izwi rinoshandura se "mbeu isina kupfeka" zvichireva iyo isiri-dziviriro. Uye ndezvekuti, kusiyana nema angiosperms, mbeu dzinoburitswa kubva panguva yekutanga mavanotanga kukura kwavo; Izvi zvinoreva kuti havana chero goko kana zvimwe zvakafanana zvekuvadzivirira.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Angiosperms uye gymnosperms

Kupatsanura cycads

Ma cycads akazara Mhuri mbiri, dzinoumbwa ne2 kusvika ku10 genera ine dzinosvika mazana matatu emarudzi. Yayo inogamuchirwa botanical kupatsanura ndiyo yakagadziriswa muna 2011:

• Raira: Cycadales.
  • Cycadaceae mhuri. Dzinosvika zana nemakumi manomwe neshanu, dzinowanikwa muEast Africa, Japan neAustralia.
    Mienzaniso: ese maCycas.
  • Mhuri Zamiaceae: Kune 9 genera rine mamwe marudzi makumi maviri nematanhatu, anobva kunzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinopisa Africa, Australia neAmerica.
    Mienzaniso: Dioon, Bowenia, Macrozamia, Lepidozamia, Encephalartos, Stangeria, Ceratozamia, Microcycas, uye Zamia.

Ndezvipi zvavanoshandisa?

Chishongo

MaCycad zvirimwa zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya senge zvishongo zvekushongedza. Ivo vane zvimwe zvakafanana nemiti yemichindwe -kunyangwe ivo vari chaizvo akasiyana akasiyana zvirimwa-, uye zvakare zviri nyore kwazvo kutarisira.

Zvinodyika

Dzinde nembeu dze cycas gadzira starch inonzi sago kana sago iyo, mushure mekurapwa kubvisa huturu, inogona kudyiwa.

Ndehupi hunhu hwako hukuru?

Izvi zvirimwa zvine hunde izvo inogona kusvika 20 metres pakureba uye pakukora kwemakumi matatu kusvika makumi mana masendimita. Iyo yakavezwa korona nemashizha emapini ayo akarongedzwa mukutenderera uye anowanzo pakati pemamita maviri kusvika mana pakureba.

Kuti vawande, ivo vakagadzira strobili kana makoni ane axis uye mashizha anotakura mavuvu (megasporophils) kana ari echikadzi echikadzi kana mumashizha anotakura mukume (microsporophils) kana ari murume. Aya maumbirwo ane yero yeruvara, kuva iwo emhando dzevarume kazhinji dzinokura kupfuura idzo dzevakadzi.

Mbeu dzinowanzoita pink, orenji kana tsvuku, mavara anoshandira kukwezva mhuka senge hamba kana zviremwaremwa, vanozochengeta kudzichengeta dziri kure nanaamai zvinomera, vachienda nadzo kudzimba dzavo. Zvimwe zvinoshanda sechikafu, asi zvimwe zvakawanda zvinomera.

Mhando dzecycad dzebindu

Kana iwe uchida kuva nezvimwe, saka tichaenda kuzotaura nezveakanyanya kufarirwa.

Cycas circinalis

Inodaidzwa kuti mambokadzi sago, yakashongedzwa cica kana cicas refu-mashizha, iri mhando yekuzvarwa kuSri Lanka, uko inogona kusvika gumi nemashanu pakureba. Mashizha acho akasvibira, anosvika kusvika pamamita 2,4.

Inoshora isina simba uye dzimwe nguva chando chinosvika ku2ºC.

Cycas revoluta

Inozivikanwa saiyo cica, sago kana sago yechokwadi yeIndia, iri mhando yekuzvarwa kumaodzanyemba kweJapan iyo anogona kusvika kukwirira 7 metres, kunyangwe hazvo chinhu chakajairika chiri chekuti haipfuure 3-4 metres mukurima. Mashizha acho akasvibira uye anosvika pamasendimita zana nemakumi matatu pakureba.

Inoramba kusvika -11ºC.

Nyaya inoenderana:

cyca

Dioon Edule

Inozivikanwa se chamal, uye inotangira kuMexico. Inokura kusvika pakureba kwe3-4 metres, nemashizha anosvika pamasentimita zana nemakumi mashanu pakureba. Haina minzwa.

Inoramba kusvika -4ºC.

Encephalartos woodii

Inodaidzwa kuti cycad yeWood, uye inowanikwa kuNatal muSouth Africa. Inogona kusvika pamamita makumi maviri pakukwirira, ine hunde inosvika masendimita makumi mashanu pakureba. Mashizha acho akareba, uye anogona kusvika kumamita maviri nemashanu pakureba.

Inodzivisa kutonhora, asi kwete chando.

Zamia furfuracea

Inodaidzwa seFlorida arrowroot, icho chirimwa chinowanikwa munzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweVeracruz, kuMexico. Inosvika pakureba kusvika pamamita 1, iine chitunha che cylindrical chinosvika masendimita makumi matatu paupamhi.. Mashizha acho akasvibira uye anonama, uye mapepa acho akafara kupfuura mamwe ma cycads.

Inodzivisa mazaya echando kusvika -3ºC.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Zamia, cycad yakati siyanei

Iwe unofungei nezve izvi zvinomera? Wanga uchiziva here kuti hunhu hwayo hwaive hwei? Tinovimba wakadzidza zvakawanda nezvavo kuti ugone kunakidzwa navo mubindu rako 🙂.