Hydroponics uye hydroponics: kukura zvirimwa zvisina ivhu

Wakambonzwa nezve hydroponics uye hydroponics? Iyi inzira inonakidza yekurima, iyo inopa zvakwakanakira zvichienzaniswa nekurima kwechinyakare, uye muzviitiko zvakawanda inogona kuve sarudzo kumhuri dzisina nzvimbo yekurima gadheni ravo asi vanoda kuve nemiriwo mitsva.

Kunzwisisa ino system haina kunyanya kuoma, asi kana iwe uchida kutanga zvakajairika kuti kusahadzika kwakawanda kunomuka. Saka mune ino chinyorwa Ndiri kuzokuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti utange kunakidzwa nenzira yekuda kuziva yekudyara zvirimwa.

Chii chinonzi hydroponics?

Hydroponics ishoko rakaumbwa ne "hydro" zvinoreva kuti mvura, uye "ponia" iyo inoshandura sebasa kana basa; ndokuti, iri hurongwa hwekurima husina ivhu. Kunyangwe yakave yazvino uno munguva dzichangopfuura, zvinozivikanwa kuti makore angangoita mazana maviri nemazana matanhatu apfuura, muBhabhironi, Mambo Nebhukadhinezari I aive neminda yakaturikwa yakavakwa mukati mawo zvirimwa nenzira iyi.

Rinoshanda sei?

Chero chirimwa chakakosha munyu wacho chinoda mwenje, mvura uye huwandu hwakaringana hwemuviri. Izvi zvinovaka muviri inosanganiswa nemidzi nguva dzose, pese pavanosanganiswa nemvura kana pese pavanenge vachida iyo - zvinoenderana nerudzi rwehurongwa hwauinaro-, nekudaro uchiwana hutano hwakanaka uye kukura kwakakwana.

Kunyangwe iwe uchigona kufunga kuti havakwanise kukura musisitimu ino, chokwadi ndechekuti zvinoenderana zvakanyanya nerudzi rwemusangano uye nekukura kwenzvimbo dzinoitirwa zvidyarwa zviripo. Zvisinei, zvinokurudzirwa chete kurima zvidyarwa zvidiki zvinodyiwa, zvakadai setisi, matomatisi, mhiripiri, nezvimwe.

Mhando dze hydroponic system

Inogona kuvhurwa kana kuvharwa:

Vhura hydroponic system

Mushonga wemuviri unosanganiswa nemvura pese pazvinenge zvakakodzera, isina kudzokororwazve, semuenzaniso inoitwa mumibhedha yekurima kana mumapombi ePVC.

Yakavharwa hydroponic system

Mune ino system, mushonga wemuviri unotenderera uchienderera mberi, kuitira kuti midzi igone kuyamwa nguva imwe neimwe yavanenge vaida Izvo zvinoitwa kana ichinge yakura muPV chiteshi, kana neNutrient Firimu (kana NFT yechidimbu chayo muchirungu), pakati pevamwe.

Ndezvipi zvinovaka muviri zvakakosha kuzvirimwa?

Kana tichida kuti yedu hydroponics system ishande nemazvo, zvakakosha kuti tizive izvo zvinovaka muviri izvo zvinomera zvinoda, nekuti zvikasadaro hatizokwanise kuzvibhadhara nemazvo:

Macronutrients

• Nitrogen (N): Vanoishandisa kuburitsa mashizha nekukura.
• Phosphorus (P): Iri rinotarisira kukurudzira uye kufarira kukura kwemidzi, maruva, michero nembeu. Inobatsirawo kurwisa zvirwere.
• Potasium (K): inobatsira mukusimudzira kwemashinde, uye zvakare kukura.
• Sarufa (S): Inodiwa mukuumbwa kwemapuroteni uye chlorophyll.
• Karusiyamu (Ca): Ndiyo inobata chokwadi chekuti inogona kudikitira, uye inobatsira mukudzivirira kubva kuzvirwere nekushushikana nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya.
• Magnesium (Mg): yakakosha mukugadzirwa kweklorophyll, uye nekudaro, kune iyo photosynthesis.

Micronutrients

• Chlorine (Cl): iyo inodikanwa kune iyo photosynthetic reaction iyo inogadzira okisijeni.
• Iron (Fe): Zvakakosha kugadzira chlorophyll.
• Boron (B): inopindira pakuvhura uye mukushandisa calcium.
• Manganese (Mn): inomutsa mamwe ma enzymes, uye inodikanwa kuti isunungure okisijeni muphotosynthesis.
• Zingi (Zn): icho chikamu chemubatanidzwa wemamwe maenzyme.
• Mhangura (Cu): yakakosha pakufema uye inodikanwa kune iyo photosynthesis. Izvo zvinobatsirawo kusimbisa kunhu uye ruvara rwemiriwo nemaruva.
• Nickel (Ni): Iri mukutarisira kwemetabolizing urea nitrogen kuitira kuti ishandure kuve ammonia inoshandiswa kune zvirimwa.
• Molybdenum (Mo): inogadzirisa nitrogen uye inoderedza nitrate.

Kuziva izvi, unogona kugadzira musanganiswa wakakodzera wezvibereko, zvinoenderana nemwaka wegore rauri.

Ndezvipi zvinodiwa kuti uve nekwaniso yekuve neiyo hydroponic tsika?

Saka kuti zvirimwa zvikwanise kukura zvakanaka uye kuti ugone kunakidzwa nekukohwa kwakanaka, zvinodikanwa kuti iwe utarise zvinotevera:

Nzvimbo

Iyo yakakodzera saiti rinofanira kunge riine zuva, kana kutogashira risingasviki maawa matanhatu echiedza chakananga pazuva. Uye zvakare, zvakakosha kuti iri kure nemanyuko emhepo, zvirimwa zvinomera uye zvipfuyo zvemumba.

Panyaya yenyaradzo uye nekuita, zvakafanira kuti paine sosi yemvura padyo nenzvimbo yakachengeteka yekuchengetedza zvinovaka

Kupisa uye hunyoro

Inorayirwa kuti tembiricha iri pakati pe20 ne24ºC, kuitira kuti midzi igone kupinza zvinovaka muviri uye zvirimwa zvakanaka sezvazvinogona. Ramba uchifunga kuti shanduko mukushisa inotungamira kune kumwe kusiana muhumidity muzana, iyo inofanirwa kunge iri pakati pe40 ne60%.

Mvura

Mvura yakakosha pahupenyu, uye kana tichida kuve neyedu yekurima hydroponic chirevo icho chinotonyanya kukosha. Saka, Inofanira kuve yakachena uye yakachena sezvinobviraNekudaro, mvura yakasvibiswa inosarudzwa, ine yakaderera magetsi conduction (EC) uye yakaderera zvikamu pamiriyoni (PPM) mazinga.

Zvakare, iyo pH inofanira kunge iri pakati pe5.8 kusvika 6.2, kunze kwekunge iwe uchirima muivhu rinenge riri pakati pe6 ne6.8. Iyo pH inoyera kuyananiswa kwemhinduro pachiyero chinobva pa0 kusvika pa14, ichifungidzirwa kuva acidic pazasi pe7, kwazvakarerekera pa7, uye alkaline pamusoro pe7.

Hydroponic mafetiraiza

Nhasi iwe unowana iri kutengeswa mhinduro dzinovaka kune hydroponic zvirimwa zvakagadzirira kunyorera, ingava mvura kana upfu. Zvamunozoona manhamba matatu, ayo anoratidza chikamu cheNPK icho chainacho. Nekudaro, kana iri 15-15-15, iri kuratidza kuti ine 15% nitrogen, imwe phosphorus uye imwe potasium. Iyo yasara 55% ndeye mvura uye micronutrients.

Mafetiraiza emvura anongofanirwa kusanganiswa nemvura sezvakaratidzwa papakeji; Kune rimwe divi, izvo zviri muupfu zvinogona zvakare kuda pH mutongi.

Iluminación

Zvirimwa zvinoda mwenje kuti uite photosynthesis uye, nekudaro, zvakare kukura, kukura, kubereka michero ... uye pakupedzisira, kuva mupenyu. Kuziva izvi, kana iwe uchida kuve ne100% yakazara hydroponic system, Iwe unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti vanogashira 15-18 maawa echiedza mukukura kwakazara, uye pakati pegumi nemaawa gumi nemaviri panguva yemaruva.

Unowana sei izvozvo? Nemarambi eMH. Aya marambi anoburitsa bhuruu-green green spectrum yechiedza, inova yakakosha padanho rekukura. Kune rimwe divi, kana iwe uchizorima zvakare kutemerwa, kana zvirimwa zvenguva pfupi, zvichaita zvirinani nemwenje weT5, inova yepamusoro-inoshanda fluorescent mwenje ine yakaderera kwazvo simba rekushandisa.

Ita shuwa kuti inogara ichibatidza uye kudzima panguva imwechete mazuva ese, nerubatsiro rwe timer, semuenzaniso. Nenzira iyi, hakuzove nekusaenzana mukukura kana kukura kwezvirimwa.

Saizi yeHidroponic bindu

Nzvimbo iripo hachisi chinhu chaunofanira kunetseka nacho. Kune madhiri madiki ehydroponic, 1m, uye kune akakura kusvika 200m. Saka kana iwe usina nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo, nyarara nekuti unogona kurima miriwo inokwana kwemwedzi mishoma.

Midziyo

Chaizvoizvo chero chinhu chisiri chesimbi chisina mvura uye chingangoita 10cm yakadzika chinogona kuita hunyengeri: matai, mapurasitiki mabhaketi, mabhokisi emapuranga, ... Ehe, zvinokurudzirwa kuti iwo zvakare akasviba uye opaque mavara, sezvo algae inowanzo kukura zviri nani mune iwo ari akareruka mavara.

Substrates yezvirimwa zve hydroponic

Iyo substrates yekushandisa inofanirwa kuve nyowani, isina kusvibiswa uye inokwanisa kubata hunyoro nekuchera mvura yakawandisa. Saizvozvo, iwo anofanirwa kunge akaumbwa nezvidimbu zvidiki, zviri pakati pe2 ne7mm, uye havafanirwe kudzikisira nyore. Naizvozvo, izvi zvinosanganiswa zvinokurudzirwa:

• 50% akadama (iri kutengeswa pano) + 50% jecha rerwizi rakagezwa kare
• 60% pumice + 40% arlite (iri kutengeswa pano)
• Yakachena mvura yemvura

Ndezvipi zvakanakira nekuipira hydroponics?

Kubatsirwa

Iko kurimwa kwechinyakare kwezvirimwa inzira inonakidza uye inodzidzisa, asi chokwadi ndechekuti kana tichiienzanisa nehydroponics, isu tobva tangoona kuti ine zvakawanda zvakanaka.

Zvipembenene nezvirwere zvinodzivirirwa

Nekushandisa yakachena substrates nemvura, kutaridzika kwezvose zvipembenene uye zvidiki zvinodzivirirwa izvo zvinokonzeresa zvirwere, uye kunyangwe zviripo, zviri nyore kuzvibvisa. Naizvozvo, zvirimwa zvine hutano zvakanyanya uye zvine simba zvinowanikwa.

Mhando imwe chete iyi inogona kukura ichingodzokororwa

Iwo zvinovaka muviri zviripo muvhu zvinopera sekuti midzi inoapinza, chimwe chinhu chinomanikidza murimi wese webindu, murimi kana muvhimi kuti awedzere mafetiraiza muvhu, achiisa fetireza. Iri dambudziko nehydroponics rinobviswa, kukwanisa kurima mhando imwe chete kakawanda sezvatinoda.

Kukohwa kwakakwirira kunowanikwa munzvimbo imwechete

Ndinokutendai ivo vane akati wandei masisitimu mune akawanda maenzaniso anogona kudyarwa. Uye sezvo chimwe nechimwe chazvo chichava nehuwandu hwechikafu chainoda, tinogona kuva nechokwadi chekuti vese vachakura.

Zvirimwa zvine hutano zvinowanikwa

Sezvo isu tiri mukutarisira kwekuvapa ivo nezvose zvavanoda, ivo vanokwanisa kuve neyakaenzana kugoverwa kwechiedza, mweya, mvura uye zvechokwadi mishonga.

Hapana chikonzero chekushandisa ivhu

Mvura, chero bedzi kuchinaya uye yakachena, inzira yakanaka kwazvo umo zvirimwa zvinogona kukura. Chii chimwe, unogona kudzora zvakakwana zvinovaka muviri zviripo, uye inogona kushandiswazve nekugara muchirongwa.

payakaipira

Asi zvakare ine zvimwe zvinokanganisa, izvo zviri:

Kugara uine mvura inodiwa

Pasina mvura, hapana zvirimwa zvichakwanisa kukura. Rangarira kuti hydroponics zvinoreva kukura pasina ivhu, asi Kana iri mvura inokosha isingawanikwi, hapana chichawanikwa.

Zvinotora nguva

Kuti uwane ruzivo rwekutanga rwehydroponics, kudzidza zvese nezve anonyorera, kutarisira zvirimwa, uye nekudzivirira uye kurapwa kwezvipembenene nezvirwere.

Pakutanga kudyara kunogona kuve kwakakwira

Iyo yakakwana uye yehunyanzvi kit inokutengera iwe inosvika € 400, izvo zvakawanda. Asi iri mari yaunopedzisira wadzora nekufamba kwenguva, nekuti unenge usisina chikonzero chekuishandisa pazvinhu zvine chekuita nehuswa kana ukanyatso chengeta ruzivo, nekutonga kuti ese mvura, iyo substrate uye nehurongwa hwakachena. Kunze kwezvo, iwe unochengetedzawo mutengo wekutenga chikafu icho iwe, kubva kumbeu, chauri kuzowana…, uye iwo mahamvuropu embeu parizvino anodhura 1-2 euros.

Nzira yekugadzira hydroponics yakagadzirirwa sei?

Parizvino iwe ungangodaro uchifunga kuti hydroponics yakachengeterwa chete nyanzvi, asi chokwadi ndechekuti hachisi chokwadi zvachose. Zvinoda kuwana rumwe ruzivo rwehunyanzvi, asi hazvireve kuti ino inyika isingakwaniswe nevateveri. Hapana nzira.

Zvechokwadi, iwe unogona kuve neyako wega hydroponic gadheni mune yakapusa 2 litre bhodhoro. Haunditendi here? Tevedza nhanho idzi uye wozondiudza 😉:

Zvinhu

• 2l bhodhoro
• Kokonati fiber (iri kutengeswa pano)
• 1l yemvura
• 1-2 tambo dzejira
• Foil
• 1l yefetiraiza yehydroponics (iri kutengeswa Hapana zvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa.)
• Mbeu diki yemiriwo: madomasi, mhiripiri, lettuce, basil, ...
• Permanent chiratidzo
• Scissors
• PH corrector kit

Nhanho nhanho

1. Kutanga, suka bhodhoro zvakakwana - nemvura.
2. Tevere, maka mutsetse une mucherechedzo, unosvika 5cm pazasi pegomba, panonyangarika kubhodhoro.
3. Zvino, cheka bhodhoro padivi pemutsara uye isa chikamu chakachekwa mukati, chakatarisa pasi. Zadza hafu yezasi nemvura, kusvikira iwe uchiona kuti inenge ichivhara chikamu chakatetepa chikamu chechikamu chawakaunza.
4. Zvino, kana zvichidikanwa, iwe unofanirwa kugadzirisa iyo pH yemvura, kuti ive pakati pe6 ne6.5.
5. Nhanho inotevera ndeyekuwedzera tambo, uchipfuudza nemumuromo webhodhoro uye nekuita kuti isvike zvakapfuura kana zvishoma zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvekukwirira kwenzvimbo inozoshandiswa mukukura, ndiko kuti, pamusoro.
6. Tevere, zadza kumusoro ne pre-yakanyoroveswa coconut fiber. Ita shuwa kuti tambo yakawedzera kana kuderera pakati.
7. Pakupedzisira, dyara mbeu mbiri kana nhatu, uchisiya dzimwe dzakaparadzaniswa kubva kune imwe. Gare gare, kana vakura zvishoma - pamasvondo maviri kana matatu mushure mekudyara - uchafanirwa kusiya rimwe chete, rakasimba.

Saka kuti gadheni risabhadharwe netupukanana nezvirwere, zvinokurudzirwa kuputira bhodhoro nechinhu chisina kujeka, kunge aruminiyamu pepa.

Ndekupi kwekutenga hydroponic masisitimu?

Amazon

Munzvimbo huru iyi yekutenga pamhepo unowana yakakura yakakura hydroponic inokura kits, pamitengo yakanaka, yakadai seimwe ine maburi makumi matatu nemasere akagadzirwa nePV iyo inokwana € 36 kubva kuHUKOER brand uye yaunowana kubva pano.

Kana iyi imwe, yakawanda compact uye ine chaiyo yakanaka dhizaini kubva kuGarland brand, iyo inoyera 62 x 40 x 47cm, inodhura € 93,61 uye yaunogona kutenga pano.

Saizvozvo, iwe unowana zvese zvishongedzo uye zvigadzirwa zvakafanira kuti ukure zvirimwa zvako nemaitiro aya.

Zvitoro zvakasarudzika

Kutenga muzvitoro zvine hunyanzvi mu hydroponics ndiyo yakanaka sarudzo, nekuti chero mushandi achakwanisa kugadzirisa kusahadzika kwese kwauinako panguva ino.

Uye neizvi isu tatoitwa. Tinovimba wakadzidza zvakawanda nezve hydroponics uye hydroponics, uye unokurudzirwa kuyedza 🙂.