Angiosperms uye gymnosperms

Kune vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti maConifif mhando yemuti. Muchokwadi, zvirimwa zvakapatsanurwa mu ..., ichokwadi, nzira dzakasiyana siyana nemhando, asi pamusoro pezvose zvinogona kuiswa muchimiro chiri nyore: maruva emiti uye asiri-maruva emiti. Iwo ekutanga anozivikanwa nehunyanzvi se muropa uye ndidzo dzinonyanya kugara mupasi, ayo achangobva kuitika asi kwete zvakanyanya sekutenda; nepo ekupedzisira achizivikanwa se gymnosperms uye ndivo vekutanga kuoneka pachiso chePasi, nguva refu madhiri asati aitika.

Kana, kuti tinzwisisane zvirinani: angiosperms angave, semuenzaniso, madimorphic maraibhurari, azaleas, miti (kunze kweiyo yatinozoona gare gare), shrub ... uye magymnosperms ese ari maConifers, ndokuti, pini, yews, musidhari, uyezve ese ma cycads Cyca revoluta. Pamusoro penzira yekubereka nayo, vane mimwe misiyano kufunga.

Gymnosperms

ari gymnosperms Ivo vanopa akasiyana maitiro kune angiosperms. Saka ku nehasha anosiyana na:

• Mashizha anowanzoonda, se "vhudzi". Mazhinji ezvinomera izvi anogara nekusingaperi, zvinoreva kuti haarase mashizha awo munguva yechando, asi anorasikirwa nawo zvishoma nezvishoma mukati megore.
• Chibereko chiri mumarudzi akawanda emhando rudzi rweinanazi sezvinoonekwa pamufananidzo, kana se "mabhora" mukati ayo ari mhodzi.
• Kazhinji, kuti tiwane chikamu chakakura chekumera, tichafanirwa kuseta mbeu kwemwedzi 2-3 mukati mufiriji pa6º.

Gymnosperms ndiyo inonyanya kusakara zvirimwa zviripo. Ivo vakaita kuratidzika kwavo munguva yeCarboniferous, anopfuura makore mazana matatu emamiriyoni apfuura. Ivo nekudaro ari akareruka, asi hapana asingasvike mashoma kune izvo. Muchokwadi, vanogona kukura pasirese, kubva pamadhigirii makumi maviri nematanhatu kuchamhembe kusvika pamadhigirii makumi mashanu nemashanu kumaodzanyemba, kubva padyo padyo neArctic Circle kuenda kuAntarctic tundra, tinogona kunyange kuwana zvipenyu zvinogara mumahombekombe.

Hunhu hweGymnosperms

Ndehupi hunhu hwako hukuru? Izvi:

• Mbeu inobereka kubva panguva yekutanga iyo ruva, rinova bazi rekukura kushoma rinoburitsa mashizha akaorera kana "sporophylls", yakaitiswa mukume.
• Mazhinji emhando idzi anogara ari egirini, zvinoreva kuti anoramba ari girini. Kune mamwe anovamutsiridza zvishoma nezvishoma mukati megore, asi kune vamwe vanozviita makore ese 2-3 kana kutopfuura.
• Ivo vanokwanisa kutakura mvura zvirinani pane angiosperms, sezvo vaine tracheids mune yavo xylem. Tracheids akareba maseru ane magumo akapetwa, anowanikwa muiyo xylem, kuburikidza neiyo mbichana mbichana inotenderera.
• Vanotora nguva yakareba kuti vabereke. Paavhareji, zvinotora gore kubva pakuitisa pollination kusvika pakusangana, uye kukura kwembeu kunogona kutora makore matatu.
• Maruva ezvirimwa izvi anoitwa mukume nemhepo chete, kunze kweiyo maCycads.

Mienzaniso yeGymnosperms

Balantium antarcticum

Ichi chinhu chakakosha muti wemuti chizvarwa kuNew South Wales, Tasmania neVictoria, kuAustralia. Iyo inoyeuchidza chaizvo yemuchindwe, asi haina chekuita nazvo. Chirimwa ichi inosvika pakukwirira kwemamita makumi maviri, asi kazhinji haapfuure mamaira mashanu.

Ivo vanoumbwa neyakagadzika rhizome iyo inoumba trunk, hwaro hwayo hwakafukidzwa nevilli, uye iyo yakapfekedzwa korona nemashizha (mashizha) makuru, 2-6 metres pakureba uye neyakaomarara magadzirirwo. Izvo zvakanaka kuve muhari kana mumumvuri minda, uko kwavanogona kunakidzwa nemamiriro ekunze akadzikama.

Ginkgo biloba

Ndiwo prehistoric muti waigara nezvikara zvikuru zvakaonekwa nenyika, ma dinosaurs. Vakapona mukutsakatika kukuru kwemamiriro ekunze, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze yakajairika yenguva uye ndezve izvi zvese izvo isu izvozvi zvatingakwanise kunakidzwa nemuti uyu unoshamisa.

Inosvika pakureba ingangoita 35 metres, iine mashizha anodonha anodonha mumatsutso mushure mekushanduka yero yero orenji.. Inofungidzirwa kuti ndeyokuzvarwa kuEast Asia; Zvisinei, nhasi inowanikwa munzvimbo dzose dzenyika dzakadzikama, nekuti inotsigira tembiricha kubva pa 35ºC kusvika -15ºC. Uye zvakare, inogona kurarama anopfuura makore mazana maviri nemazana mashanu.

Sezvatakambotaura, miti ndeyemhuri yean angosperms, kunze kweiyo Ginkgo biloba. Uyu muti usina maruva ane peturu, asi asi inofumura mavuvu uye, kana yangosanganiswa, ivo vanokura mumbeu. Kuda kuziva, handiti?

sequoia sempervirens

Iyo ndeimwe yemarefu uye yakarebesa-kugara Conifers pasi rose, inozvarwa kuPacific Coast yeNorth America, kumadokero kwenyika. Icho chimwe cheizvo zvirimwa izvo, kuti ugone kudzoka uye kunakidzwa nazvo mukubwinya kwese, iwe unofanirwa kutarisa kumusoro kwakawanda: inogona kusvika 115 metres.

Kunyangwe isiri iyo mhando yatinokurudzira kuva nayo mumabindu, sezvo iine mwero wekukura zvishoma (anenge masendimita mashanu pagore) inogona kurimwa pasina matambudziko kana uchigara munzvimbo ine kutonhora kunotonhora. Hupenyu hwavo hwekutarisira hwakakodzerawo kuyemurwa: Zviuru zvemazana matatu-zvemakore zvakawanikwa.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)

Angiosperms

Angiosperm zvirimwa zvakanyanyisa '' zvemazuva ano ''. Vakatanga shanduko yavo makore zana nemakumi matatu emakore apfuura, muKazasi Cretaceous. Ivo vanga vari budiriro yezvakasikwa, iyo kusvika panguva iyoyo yanga isina nzira yekudzivirira mhodzi dzayo. Nekuuya kwezvirimwa izvi zvinoshamisa, zvizvarwa zvitsva zvine nyore kwazvo.

ari muropa ndiwo ese zvirimwa zvinogadzira maruva uye nemichero inotevera ine mhodzi. Mumhando iyi yezvirimwa tinogona kuwana miti, miti yemichindwe, zvirimwa zvemwaka, zvinogara, ... muchidimbu, izvo zvatinowanzoona muminda yakawanda.

Kana zviri zvezvirimwa izvi, dumbu rinochengetedzwa, uye mushure mekudyiswa inova chibereko.

Angiosperm hunhu

Hunhu hwayo hukuru hunotevera:

• Mbeu, dzakamboshama, dzave kudzivirirwa mukati memuchero.
• Maruva acho anonyanya kukwezva, nekuti anoda mhuka dzinotakura mukume uye zvipembenene kuti zvibereke.
• Vanotonga, pamusoro pezvose, masango anodziya, kunyangwe iwo achigonawo kukura munzvimbo dzakadzikama.
• Hupenyu hwayo kutenderera kubva pamasvondo mashoma kusvika kumazana akati wandei emakore, zvinoenderana neshanduko iyo mhuka yega yega yakave nayo.

Mienzaniso yeangiosperm zvirimwa

Copiapoa humilis

Cacti, kunyange ichiratidzika kunge iri mhando yakasarudzika yemiti kubva kune atakajaira kuona, chokwadi ndechekuti iwo angiosperms. Iyo Copiapoa humilis, chimwe chezvinhu zviri nyore kuwana chiri kutengeswa chiri, senge chorudzi rwacho rwose, chinotangira kuChile.

Iyo yakati rebei kana kutenderera muchimiro, uye inoburitsa nhungirwa zhinji kusvika pamakumi maviri emita kureba. Iwo madiki florets yero uye anotumbuka muzhizha.

royal delonix

Iyo flamboyant ndeimwe yemiti inorimwa zvakanyanya mumatunhu ese anotonhora epasi. Pakutanga kubva kuMadagascar, Iyo inoratidzirwa nekuve neparasol korona inoumbwa nemashizha ayo anoita kunge asingagumi kana semi-deciduous kana deciduous zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu aripo munzvimbo yauri.

Inosvika pakakwirira kusvika pamamita gumi nemaviri, ine maruva makuru ane mana matsvuku kana orenji peturu ayo anotumbuka muchirimo. Icho chirimwa chakakurudzirwa kwazvo kune epakati-saizi mapindu, uko chando chisingaitike.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Flamboyant

Gazania mhirizhonga

Gazania ndeye herbaceous inogara husingaperi kuSouth Africa neMozambique iyo, kunyangwe isingapfuure 30cm pakureba, ndiyo imwe yeanonyanya kufarira atinogona kuwana kutengeswa muzvitoro nemumabindu ezvitoro: maruva ayo, achiyeuchidza madhiri, akavhurwa nezuva uye anovhara pakuvira kwezuva. Pamazuva ane makore, peturu anoramba akavharwa nekuti haagashiri mwenje wakakwana.

Nehukuru hwayo, inogona kuve iine zvese muhari uye mubindu. Ehezve, inoda kugara ichidiridzwa uye mamiriro ekunze kuti igare.

Waiziva here mutsauko uripo pakati pechimwe nechimwe?