Wati wambofunga here kuti unowana sei mavara mazhinji mumachira? Kunyangwe dhayi dzekugadzira dzichishandiswa nhasi, mwana akatanga kushandisa maruva kupa ruvara kumachira. Parizvino, zvakasiyana siyana zvinonzi zvinonamira zvirimwa zvichiri kushandiswa padanho repamba uye rezvakatipoteredza: Zvirimwa zvinokodzera kudhaya machira.
Kana iwe uchifarira nyaya iyi uye uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve iyi inoshuvira miriwo, ini ndinokurudzira kuti iwe uenderere mberi kuverenga ichi chinyorwa. Kunze kwekupa ruzivo nezvenyaya iyi, tichataurawo nezve mimwe mienzaniso yekudyara miti, yakadai sezuva.
Chii chinonzi dye zvirimwa?
Sezvatatotaura kare, kudhaya mbesa kunogona kushandiswa kudhaya machira, kunyangwe achiwanzove nemamwe mabasa futi. Ivo vanoonekwa sechikamu cheboka iri mhando dzese dzemiti dzine kukwirira kwakanyanya kwemirau yekunaka, senge phenolic alcohol, flavonoids, tanins kana anthraquinones, mune imwe kana dzakasiyana nhengo.
Aya marudzi ezvirimwa akauya kuzopararira kuburikidza neSilika Road ine mukurumbira. Mushure mekuwanikwa kweAmerica, mavara akaunzwa kubva kuNyika Itsva akawedzerwawo. izvo zvisati zvambovapo muEurope. Ichi ichokwadi, sezvo mavara anogona kuratidza vanhu vakasiyana uye tsika.
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kudyara pigments kunogara zvakanyanya mumichero kana maruva emiti. Nekudaro, ivo vanogona zvakare kuwanikwa pane madzinde, mashizha, midzi, kuhukura, mhodzi, kana rhizomes. Zvichienderana nerudzi, chikamu chemuti chine zvakawanda zvinoshanda zvinosiyana. Zvese zvekudyara zvinomera zvine chikamu chimwe chete chinobatsira kana uchigadzira madhayi echisikigo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kunyangwe chirimwa chose chinogona kushandiswa.
Ruvara runotorwa sei kubva mumiti?
Madhayi anowanzo bviswa kubva pakudhaya zvinomera ne decoction mumvura. Zvichienderana neboka re pigments, mavara akasiyana anomuka. Iyi ndiyo mimwe mienzaniso yemavara atinogona kuwana zvinoenderana neaya mavara:
- Orange uye yero inomuka kubva ku carotenoids.
- Anthocyanins inotsvuka kana bhuruu.
- Kana ari iwo flavonoids, anova akatsvuka, bhuruu kana violet toni.
Kunyange zvakadaro mazhinji pigments anofanirwa kunamatira kune iyo tambo kuburikidza nemamoranti, kune zvimwe zvinogona kusungirirwa zvakananga kumachira nekungonyudza machira uye kudyara mumvura inopisa. MaMordants makemikari anogona kunge ari organic kana inorganic. Pakati pavo pane urea, tanins, alum, uye iron.
Ndeapi maruva anoshandiswa kudhaya?
Kune huwandu hwakawanda hwekudyara zvinomera, kusanganisira maruva mazhinji. Tevere isu tichataura nezve mimwe mienzaniso uye iwo mavara atinogona kuwana kubva kwavari.
Chamomile madhayi
Isu tinotanga rondedzero neiyo chamomile yedhayi, inonziwo Anthemis tinctoria. Iyo ndeye yemhuri yezuva sunflower uye ruva rayo rakafanana chaizvo nemadhayi, asi yero muvara. Hatifanire kuivhiringidza neyakajairwa chamomora yatinonwa seti, seiyi chamomil Izvo hazvishandiswe zvekubika uye zvine zvishoma zvishoma zvemushonga.
Iko kushandiswa kukuru kweruva iri kudhayi, sekuratidzwa kwezita rayo. Ruva racho rinoshandiswa pane izvi, sezvo chiri chikamu chemuti chakapfuma kwazvo mumirau yecheni. Kubva pairi yero yero inowanikwa.
Zuva
Imwe yemaruva ane mukurumbira hapana mubvunzo kuti sunflower, inonziwo Helianthus annuus. Muti uyu wakanaka unogona kusvika pamamita matatu pakukwirira uye zvakare unomira wakatsvukira neruvara rwakatsvukuruka rwemaruva awo. Zvinonyatso kuzivikanwa izvozvo maringazuva anoshevedzwa kunongedzera kuzuva zuva rese.
Kunze kwekukwanisa kushandiswa semuchina wekudhonza, sunflower inogona kutipawo mafuta kana mbeu dzinodyiwa. Iyo yekupedzisira haingoshandisirwe kudyiwa chete, asi zvakare ndeimwe yezvikamu zviviri iine mamwe mavara ekupenda. Kubva pambeu tinogona kuwana bhuruu, apo ruva rezuva rinotipa yero yeruvara.
Echinacea purpurea
Chimwe chirimwa chekudhaya ndiyo Echinacea purpurea yekuNorth America mavambo. Ruva iri rakanaka, kunze kwekuva chirimwa chekushongedza pamba, inowanzo shandiswa zvakanyanya pakurapa, sezvo iine zvivakwa zvinosimbisa immune system uye inoderedza zviratidzo zvehutachiona hwekufema. Naizvozvo, zvakajairika kuishandisa kana paine dzihwa.
Kana zviri zvekusvibisa matishu, chikamu chinoshandiswa kubva pamuti uyu iruva. Pasinei neruvara rwe violet rwemashizha ayo, ruvara rwatichazowana rwakasvibira.
patula tagetes
Isu tinoenderera mberi nerondedzero neinotevera kudhaya chirimwa: patula tagetes. Iri ruva rakanaka rinowanikwa munzvimbo dzinopisa dzeAmerica uye rinogona kunge rakajairika kwatiri kubva mukushandiswa kwaro mumhemberero dzeMexico dzine chekuita neZuva revakafa. Iyo inozivikanwawo sekudyiwa kwemoro, damasquina kana ruva pompadour.
Kunze kwekungova chirimwa chinoshandiswa, zvakare chine mishonga yekurapa uye inowanzo shandiswa kugadzira zvinonhuwirira kana sechinhu chekushongedza mumba. Chii chimwe, midzi yawo ine mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka pane zvimwe zvipembenene nezvipembenene, zvakadai semasvosve kana nematodes. Neichi chikonzero, zvakajairika kuwana aya maruva padyo nezvirimwa. Nezve kushatisa, chikamu chinoshandiswa iruva uye kubva pairi yero kune toni dzeorenji dzinowanikwa.
inula hellenium
Pekupedzisira tichataura nezve Inula helenium ruva, rinowanzozivikanwa se elecampana, enfula kana helenium. Ichi chirimwa chekupenda chakakurumbira kwazvo zvese kuGreat Britain uye pakati nepakati kumaodzanyemba kweEurope. Zita rayo resainzi "helenium" rakatangira mungano ine chekuita naHelen weTroy, nekuti vanoti ruva iri rakabva mumisodzi yake. Ichi chirimwa chaimbozivikanwa se elfwort uye chaive chitsvene kumaCelt.
Kunze kwekuva nemishonga, dzimwe nyika dzakadai seFrance kana Switzerland dzinoshandisa Inula helenium kugadzira absinthe. Nezve iro basa mukushatisa, isu tinowana iyo bhuruu ruvara rweayo rhizome.
Botany ipasi rose uye zvirimwa zvine zvakawanda zvinonakidza zvinhu uye mashandisiro. Ndinovimba ichi chinyorwa chakubatsira iwe kugadzirisa kusahadzika kwako nezve tinctorial zvinomera.