Nhasi tichataura zvishoma nezvazvo chirimwa chakati siyanei, iyo yakawanda yenguva inoenda isingazivikanwe nekuda kweiyo diki saizi, asi ichine kukosha kukuru kune vamwe vanhu nevarimi.
Nhasi tinopa mukana ku Medicago lupulin, izvo chirimwa chinokwanisa kudzora kukura kwemamwe marudzi, kunyanya idzo dzinoonekwa sora. Saka pasina imwezve ado, ngatitangei.
General data yeiyo Medicago lupulin
Nhema lupulin, kana medicago lupulin, iri uswa hwakajairika hweshizha uye kupfugama kunowanikwa muUS nekumaodzanyemba kweCanada. Native kuEurope uye nenzvimbo yakadzikama yeAsia. Iyo inhengo yemitezo yemhuri yemaguru (Fabaceae) uye ine mamwe mazita akajairika senge yeyero clover, nhema clover, uye hops yekurapa.
Iyi simiti inowanzo kazhinji inowanikwa munzvimbo dzinovhiringidzika kana patsangadzi, pamwe nemuminda nemafuro. Munguva yezhizha, iro gore regore rakakura rinokura rakatsikitsira pasi uye ine trifoliate mashizha ane spur pakati peshizha.
Inonyanya kuwanikwa sehuswa mukati nzvimbo dzakaoma uye dzine zuva patsangadzi uye pamijenya isina vanhu, senge mumigwagwa nenjanji, asi zvinogona zvakare kunetsa mumapindu nemuminda kana zvikasadzorwa zvakanaka.
Kufanana nedzimwe nhengo dzemhuri yetsanga, mushonga mutema une hukama hwehukama nemabhakitiriya Rhizobium. Iyi bhakitiriya inokonzera kuumbwa kwemamota pamidzi uye inogadzirisa nitrogen yemuchadenga. Imwe yenitrogen iyi inoshandiswa nemuti uri kukura, asi unogona zvakare kushandiswa nemimwe miriwo inokura padhuze.
Zviratidzo
Flores
Owens maruva yeyero ayo ari mune rakatenderedzwa raceme kumagumo kwehunde uye kubuda mumashizha. Izvi zvinoburitsa matema embeu nhema kana asvika pakukura. Musoro wega wega wemaruva yakaumbwa sebhaluni uye inoumbwa nesumbu gobvu remaruva madiki gumi neshanu- masendimita.
Ichi chirimwa chine hukasha chinoumba makobvu akawandisa embeu pods mushure mekuita maruva. Diki yakajeka yakajeka maruva zvinogadzirwa kubva kumaaxils emashizha. Imwe inflorescence iboka rakabatana. Maruva anogona kuwanikwa mukati memwaka wekukura, kunyangwe zvirimwa zvoga zvamira kumira maruva kana mbeu dzaiswa.
Kukura
Nhema lupulin inokwanisa vanobudirira muvhu rakaoma, rinoshaya zvinovaka muviri. Panguva imwecheteyo, ine mukana wekugadzirisa matambudziko aya muhuswa uye gadheni richadzora kutaridzika kwesora iri.
Midzi yaro ine gobvu rakapetana rine matavi anogona kuumba maqhuqhu. Vanowedzera nitrogen kune ivhu rakakomberedza. Iyi taproot inokura yakadzika muvhu zhinji.
Akaverengeka akarembera, ane mvere zvishoma anomera anokura kubva pachigadziko. Chirimwa chinokura padhuze nepasi, ichipararira kusvika pamasendimita mashanu, asi haitore midzi pamwe chete nemadzinde. Kugona kubata chirimwa ichi, unofanira kuva nemaoko maturusi kana weeding iyo inogona kubvisa iyo huru taproot.
Mashizha
Shizha rega rega rakakamurwa kuita matatu mapepa, inonziwo trifoliate. Tsamba yepakati yakasungirirwa padanda nepfupi, nepo mapepa maviri ekunze akasungirirwa padanda. Mamwe ese mashizha ari matatu. Mashizha egwenzi akasvibira akasvibira akafanana nemashizha evhavha, ane mapepa matatu ane oval. Iva kaburi kana zino pamuromo, kumicheto yemazino uye mutsinga dzakatanhamara uye dzakafanana. Tsamba yepakati inobudikira zvishoma mupetiole yakawedzerwa.
Uye kana iwe uchinetseka kuti sei tiri kutaura pamusoro peizvi, ndezve chikonzero chiri nyore chekuti chimiro ichi, pamwe netipi tudiki iyo inonamira panhongonya pebhurocha uye kumahombekombe ejagged, inobatsira kusiyanisa mushonga mutema kubva kune mamwe matatu maruva.
Sechinhu chinoda kuziva uye usati waenderera kune chinotevera hunhu, iwe unofanirwa kuziva izvo mashizha anobudiswa zvakasiyana pamwe nemadzinde. Kune maviri stipuleti (madiki mashizha-akafanana maapendage) apo petiole yega yega inobatana neiyo huru stem.
Zvibereko
Michero iyo inogadzira mushure mekusvitsa inoita kunge itsvo diki dzakarongedzwa mumasumbu. Iyo yakamonerwa mbeu pods inoshanduka nhema kana yakura. Iyi simiti inogadzira mbeu inoshanda mu zvakajairika kucheka mamiriro Vanogona kuenderera muvhu kwemakore, saka zvakakosha kudzora sora iri risati ratumbuka uye kugadzwa kwembeu.
Tsika
Pamasora, iyo Medicago lupulin inogona kushandiswa kuburikidza nehunhu hwakanaka kushandisa maitiro ayo kukurudzira huswa hwakakora kukura (yakatemwa, kubereka uye kudiridza kwakakodzera), zvichiita kuti zviome kuti mushonga mutema urambe uripo.
Sezvo mutema mushonga wekurapa kazhinji uchikura munzvimbo mune kumwe kukanganiswa kwevhu kwakaitikaSezvo padhuze nemigwagwa, nzira dzekudzikisira dzinobatsirawo. Mumwe zvirimwa inogona kutanhwa nemaoko. Kunyangwe zvirimwa zvikuru zviri nyore kutanha, kunyanya mushure mekunge mvura yanyorovesa ivhu.
Nekudaro, yenzvimbo hombe kana dense infestations, mushonga wakawandisa wesora unogona kuiswa kukura zvinomera zvinoshingaira panguva yekukura kubva kumbeu kusvika pamaruva. Makemikari anodzora anonyatsoshandiswa kubva mukupera kwechirimo kusvika pakutanga kwezhizha, uye zvakare kubva kutanga kusvika pakati pekudonha. Hongu zvirokwazvo, iwe unofanirwa kuverenga uye kuteedzera rairo pane zvakanyorwa zvakanyatsonaka.
Ichi chirimwa chinokura munzvimbo dzine izere kana rusarura zuva, mamiriro ekunyorova, uye ivhu iro rine loam, ivhu, kana mavhu. Iyo inoneta uye ine hukasha mhando mhando, asi inowanzo kufuratirwa nekuda kwekudzikira kwayo tsika uye hudiki saizi. Midzi inowedzera nitrogen kuivhu ichiumba kusangana neRhizobial bacteria.
Yakawanda nzvimbo nenzvimbo
Nhema lupulin inowanikwa mudunhu rega rega muIllinois uye zvakajairika. Iyi simiti yakaunzwa kubva kuAsia kuenda kuNorth America uye nezvekurima. Nzvimbo dzinosanganisira masango (ivhu dema revhu), mafuro anopwanyika, minda yakare, mapurazi, masango, nzvimbo dzisina vanhu, zvimbuzi, makuva, tsangadzi, nzvimbo dzakatevedza njanji nemigwagwa, nenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemarara.
Chirimwa ichi inowanzo kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzinonetsa zvakanyanya, kunyangwe ichigona kupinda munzvimbo dzine huswa hwemhando yepamusoro. Mune ino yekupedzisira kesi, inova imwe yezvirimwa zvepasi pasi izvo zvinogona kutsungirira mumvuri wepamusoro pehuswa zvinomera.