Tubers imhando yemashanga akakora ane zvimwe zvirimwa. Iyo inozivikanwa zvikuru ndiyo mbatatisi. Izvi zvinomera zvinounganidza zvinhu zvakachengetedzwa, zvinoumbwa zvakanyanya nesitashi. Kune akawanda marudzi e tubers. Mazhinji eaya machubhu ari pasi pevhu uye ane zviyero zvinoburitsa buds. Izvo zvinobva kumabhureki aya kuti iwo nyowani nyowani uye madzinde anokura ayo anounza kumera kune zvitsva zvitsva. Ndeapi machubhu aripo?
Muchikamu chino tiri kukuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezvemhando dzakasiyana dzehubhu uye hunhu hwavo.
Mhando dze tubers
Sekureva kwemishonga, zoologists uye botany, kune akasiyana marudzi e tubers uye zvikamu kwavari. Botanical nyanzvi dzinogadza tubers mu: Root tubers, hydroponic tubers, tropical tubers uye dzinodyiwa tubers. Iyi yekupedzisira ndiyo mbatatisi, jicama, manioc, melloco nevamwe.
Iyo tubers inoshandiswa kuchengetedza simba remuti iwo wavanoshandisa kuburitsa madzinde nemashizha. Kune akawanda machubhu anodyiwa senge atinozoona kumberi.
Munyika mune maviri akakura mhando dzematubhu uye aya ndiwo maitiro avo makuru:
- Stem tubers: aya ndiwo mahubhu ane hunhu hukuru uye hunofanira kuumbika padyo padanho repasi pevhu. Hazviwanzo kuve nehupamhi hwepamusoro uye mukati mawo dzinde ndicho chikamu chakati sandara chinomenya. Panzvimbo iyoyo, midzi inozokura kubva kune iyo tuber pachayo. Muenzaniso werudzi urwu rwechubhu karoti.
- Root midzi: ndeaya anogadzirwa kubva pakukora kwechikamu chemudzi wawo. Zvinogona kuitika kuti tuber rinoumbwa nemudzi wese kana kuti rinongobata zvimwe zvikamu. Nenzira iyi, chirimwa chimwe chete chinokura nemachuber akawanda, akadai sembatatisi. Imwe yemaitiro ayo ndeyekuti ipfupi, chidimbu chinogona kukura mumwe munhu zvakakwana. Izvi hazviitike neve stem.
Mhando dzakasiyana dzemhando dzehubhu
Tichaongorora kuti ndeapi marudzi akanyanya kufarirwa ehubhu munyika mune hunhu hwavo hukuru.
Mbatatisi
Iyo ndiyo inodyiwa tuber inonyanya kuzivikanwa kutenderera pasirese. Inodyiwa munzira dzakawanda, yakakangwa, yakabikwa, yakabikwa zvisina kunaka, yakacheneswa, nezvimwe. Iyo inotorwa kubva kuAmerican herbaceous chirimwa cheAndean mavambo. Kushandiswa kwaro pakutanga kwanga kusiri kukuru, nekuti mbishi haina kunaka. Kana uchinge wadzidza kuibika, ndicho chimwe chezvikafu zvakanyanya kudyiwa pasirese.
Mbambaira
Iyo inoshandiswa kudyisa zvipfuyo, kudya uye sechinhu chisina kugadzirwa mupastry uye confectionery.
Radishi
Ndiwo muriwo unozivikanwa kubva panguva dzekare nebudiriro yeMediterranean. Muriwo uyu wairimwa muChina yekare, asi mabviro acho chaiwo haazivikanwe.
Karoti
Icho chikafu chinozivikanwa zvakare pasirese uye chinodyiwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Kwayakabva iri muAsia diki.
Yucca
Inorimwa zvakanyanya muSouth America, Africa nePacific. Kutenda kune kukosha kwayo kwakanyanya kwehutano kunozivikanwa. Kune mhando dzakadai seiya yemusango, ine muchetura wakanyanya, uye iyo yekumakomo, iyo ine chepfu shoma.
Jicama
Iyo inozivikanwa seye Mexican turnip. Iyo nyemba kubva kuMexico neCentral America.
taro
Iyo tuber yakafuma mune fiber uye zvicherwa zvinosvika pakukura kwemasentimita matanhatu chete muhupamhi.
Tigernut
Icho chirimwa chinoratidzika 50 cm kukwirira. Ivo vanofungidzirwa kuti vanozvarwa kuWest Africa. Iyo inoshandiswa kugadzira horchata. Iko kunhuhwirira kwacho kunotapira uye kune starchy uye kunyangwe ichigona kudyiwa mbishi Inodyiwa zvakanyanya se tigernut horchata. Chiyero chakakosha kwazvo mune mamwe matunhu epasi.
Yam
Icho chirimwa chekukwira munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzine hunyoro.
daikon
Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare nezita reti chena radish kana chiJapan radish. Iyo mhando yeradish inotaridzika yakafanana nekarroti. Kunyangwe iri hombe uye ichena chena neruvara, kunaka kwayo kwakadzikama pane kweyakajairika radish. Icho chinhu chakakosheswa kwazvo mumidziyo yekumabvazuva sezvo ichibva kumabvazuva nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwenzvimbo dzeAsia. Kazhinji inotorwa zvese zviri mbishi uye zvinobikwa. Ndezvemhando dzakasiyana siyana dzedhishi.
Ginseng
Kunyangwe zvingave zvisingaratidzike senge, kune mamwe marudzi e tubers ayo anoshandiswawo mumunda wekurapa. Mune ino kesi, isu tiri kutaura nezve ginseng. Iri izere boka rezvisikwa zverudzi rwePanax uye zvinomera zvinomera zvine hushoma uye kukura zvishoma nezvishoma. Mhando dzakakurumbira dzerudzi urwu ndidzo Panax quinquefolius and the Panax ginseng. Vese vari vaviri ari tubers anozivikanwa kuti anoshandiswa zvakanyanya musikirwo mishonga.
Wasabi
Wasabi inowanikwa kubva pamudzi wechirimwa chinonzi Wasabi japonica. Iyo inozivikanwa inozivikanwa mhando yemiti sezvo yayo spice inoshandiswa kune sushi. Kuti ugadzire muto unopisa, iyo tuber inokwenenzverwa uye kusanganiswa kuti ive nekumwe kwakasimba kwakasimba uye kunonaka. Rudzi rwemasukisi urwu rwuri kuwedzera kufarirwa munyika dzepasirese.
Mhando dzemi tubers dzinosimwa
Tichaita ongororo pfupi yehunhu hunodiwa kudyara mhando dzakasiyana dzehubhu. Chinhu chekutanga ndechekuona kuti ivhu rakachena zvakakwana, rakafemedzeka uye risina maburi kana mavhinga. Ivhu racho rinofanira kunge riine huwandu hwakaenzana. Kudyara kunosiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo yatichadyara. Lpakadzika zvakadzama kana kudyara kuri pakati pe7-8 masentimita. Kudyara kunogona kuitwa nemaoko kana nemishini.
Chinhu chakakurudzirwa kwazvo kudyara matinji ese, kunyangwe kana iri yekucheka, inofanirwa kuitwa muzvikamu zviviri zvakachekwa zvakachena. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuyedza kuti ese mativi akaenzana zvese muhukuru uye huwandu hwemabhureki. Kunze kwemufarinya, mamwe ma tubers anonyanya kuda ndeyekudiridza. Kushaikwa kwemvura kunokuvadza zvakanyanya kubvira kusanaya kwemvura uye mamiriro ekunze akaomarara achifarira kupararira kwezvipembenene nezvirwere zvinorwisa zvirimwa izvi. Kudiridza kwekusasa mvura ndiyo inonyanya kukurudzirwa sezvo kuwanikwa kwemvura nguva dzose kuchidiwa muvhu. Inodawo ivhu rakanyoroveswa-kudzivirira kudzivirira kumira kwenguva refu.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemhando dzakasiyana dze tubers.