Ndeapi marudzi ealki aripo?

Kupinda munyika yegwenzi kunonakidza kana iwe uchida kuziva nhoroondo yekushanduka kwezvirimwa, uye imhaka yekuti Kingdom Plantae sekuiziva kwedu nhasi, yakatangira mugungwa. Paive ipapo, mugungwa hombe rinoshambidza nzvimbo zhinji dzepasi rinotitambira, kwakatangira hupenyu hwemichero makore angangoita mabhiriyoni matatu apfuura.

Mamirioni matatu emakore akazotevera, mbeu dzekutanga dzepanyika dzaizoonekwa, iyo bryophytes. Parizvino, Nyanzvi dzakakwanisa kuona mhando dzinoverengeka dzealgae, yemarudzi akasiyana magene, kana kana iwe uchida, matatu makuru emhuri mapoka emiti iyi: yega yega ine hunhu hwayo, uye zvayakanakira maererano nehupenyu.

Chii chinonzi algae?

Kana iwe wakambove kumahombekombe, kana iwe uri mumwe weavo vanofarira kudhiraivha, zvirokwazvo iwe wakakwanisa kuona akasiyana algae pane kanopfuura kamwe chiitiko. Asi chii ichocho? Naizvo, zvipuka zvine kugona kuita photosynthesize uye kuwana carbon dioxide, iyo inoita kuti mhando zhinji dzive dzakasvibira; Nekudaro, maitiro aya anoitwa zvakasiyana nezvirimwa, sezvo zvichishaiwa zvese zviri zviviri xylem seku phloem, ndiko kuti, yemidziyo iyo iyo sosi uye, nekudaro, zvakare chikafu chinotakurwa.

Kuomesa zvinhu zvishoma zvishoma, inogona kuva unicellular kana multicellular zvipenyu, vane saizi isingatombooneka kune ziso revanhu, kana kuyera anopfuura makumi matatu emamita. Naizvozvo, pamwe zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kubvunzwa:

Chiedza chinokanganisa sei algae?

Chiedza chezuva chakakosha kuti zvirimwa zviite photosynthesis. Izvi zvakadaro mune algae here? Mhinduro ndeyekuti, kubvira vatambi vedu vane photosynthetic pigments, iyo inonaya mwaranzi yezuva iyo inobva kunze. Izvo, saka, autotrophic zvipenyu, kunyangwe paine zvimwe zvinogona kuve heterotrophic sezvo zvisina pigment, ndosaka vachivimba nezvimwe zvipenyu.

Asi zvakadiniko neahombe algae anoumba masango egungwa, kana avo vanogara mukadzika? Ivo zvakare vanotora mwenje weyeredzi mambo, asi zviri pachena mune zvishoma huwandu. Nekuda kweizvi, ivo vakashanduka kuti vawedzere dzimwe pigments.

Ndeapi marudzi ealgae?

Algae inogona kuverengerwa munzira dzakawanda: zvichienderana nekuti iwo ari eunion kana akawanda-akawanda, zvichienderana nekuti vanodyisa sei, pane pigments ... Kuita kuti kunzwisiswa kwealgae kuve nyore, ndasarudza kuzvimisikidza zvinoenderana nemararamiro avo; Ndokunge, uchifunga nezvekwavanowana chikafu chavo kubva.

Naizvozvo, uye sekutaura kwatamboita, tine:

Prokaryotic autotrophs

Iwo cyanobacteria, iwo ega mabhakitiriya anokwanisa photosynthesis pasina zvichienderana neumwe mupenyu. Kunyangwe masero avo ari madiki kwazvo, ari madiki kwazvo, ari maMicrometer mashoma mashoma, akakura kupfuura mamwe mabhakitiriya.

Pane fungidziro dzakasiyana siyana nedzidziso dzekuti dzakatanga riini, asi zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanogona kutanga shanduko yavo, angangoita mamirioni mazana matatu nemazana mashanu apfuura. Zvizhinji gare gare, ivo vaizobvumira zvirimwa kutanga yavo shanduko, nekuda kweplastid.

Plastids inhengo dzinoshandura simba reZuva kuita simba remakemikari, chimwe chinhu chatinoziva sephotosynthesis. Nekudaro, zvese zviri zviviri muti muhombe uye huswa hushoma hune tateguru mumwechete uyo, kuti uuone, inokosha microscope inodiwa.

Eukaryotic algae

Ivo algae ane machloroplast, saka vanoita photosynthesis. Asi nepo paine zvimwe zvinozviwana nekugara mukati me cyanobacterium (chimwe chinhu chinozivikanwa se endosymbiosis), kune zvimwe zvinozviwana nedzimwe nzira. Nekudaro, izvi zvinogona kuiswa mumapoka matatu:

primoplantae

Ivo vanobva ku cyanobacteria. Eukaryotic algae ine rusero rusvingo rwakagadzirwa neselulose, uye mitsara mitatu mikuru inosiyaniswa kubva kwavari:

• Glaucophytes: iwo ane unicellular algae anogara mumvura yakachena. Ivo vane mapurasta anonzi cianelles, kunge cyanobacteria, uye universal chlorophyll (mhando a). Dzinowanikwa mumvura yakachena.
• Tsvuku tsvuku: Inogona kuve zvirimwa kana protist, uye zvipenyu zvinowanzo gara mugungwa. Ivo zvakare vane mhando chlorophyll.
• Green algae: Vazhinji vanogara mumvura yakachena, uye vane zvese zviri zviviri chlorophyll a uye b.

Chromophyte algae

Ivo algae ane machloroplast anovawana nekugara mukati mutsvuku algae. Aya machloroplast ane mana membranes uye chlorophyll yerudzi a uye b.

• Brown algae: Izvo zvipuka zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvinogara kunyanya mugungwa. Ndiro boka rinoumba masango ari pasi pemvura.
• Ndarama yegungwa: ivo vane unicellular, uye vanogara zvakanyanya mumvura yakachena.
• Green-yero algae: aya ari unicellular kana colonial algae, ayo anogara mumvura yakachena.
• Diatoms: iwo ane unicellular, marine kunyangwe paine mamwe ari emvura yakachena. Rusero rwayo sero rakagadzirwa nesilicon.
• Silicoflagellates: aya ari unicellular algae, ayo anogara zvese mumvura uye muvhu.
• Haptophytes: izvo zvipenyu zvine unicellular izvo zvinowanzoperera pasi pegungwa.
• Cryptophytes: izvo zvipenyu zveunicellular zvinogara mumvura dzegungwa.

Mamwe mapoka

Kune mamwe mapoka ezvisikwa anowana ma chloroplast kubva ku endosymbiosis uye asingakwanise kushayikwa muchinyorwa chino, seizvi:

• Chloraracne algae: iwo ane unicellular, uye anoonekwa munzvimbo dzinopisa dzemakungwa.
• Euglenidae: iwo maunicellular protist zvipenyu zvinogara mumvura yakachena.
• Dinoflagellates: ma chloroplast ayo anowanikwa kubva kutsvuku algae.

Ndezvipi zvinodyiwa algae?

Kana iwe uchifarira kuziva kuti ndedzipi dziri mhando dzinozivikanwa kwazvo dzeanodyiwa algae, inguva yekupindura mubvunzo wako. Pano tinotaura nezvevatatu vevanonyanya kuzivikanwa:

Zvinotapira (Palmaria palmata)

Dulse rudzi rweyered algae chizvarwa kumahombekombe eAtlantic nePacific. Ruvara rwayo rwakatsvukuruka uye mutsvuku velveti zvinoita kuti chive chikafu chakakosha, uye chinogona kudyiwa chisina kubikwa pasina matambudziko; kunyangwe ichigona zvakare kuverengerwa mumasaladi.

Spaghetti yegungwa (Himanthalia elongata)

Gungwa spaghetti rudzi rwebrown brownweed iyo tinowana munzvimbo dzine matombo uye dzakadzika, dzinenge nguva dzose mumvura chena. Mukicheni inowanzoshandiswa kusanganisa nemupunga, asi zvakare zvakare yakanakisa mumasadhi.

Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida)

Iyo mhando ye brown brown yegungwa iyo anogara mugungwa re pacific, uko, semuenzaniso, maJapan vanoishandisa zvakanyanya kuita yavo inozivikanwa-uye yakapfuma kwazvo, neiyo nzira- miso soup. Ehezve, iyo mhando inoonekwa seimwe yemazana zana anoparadza uye anokuvadza pasirese neInternational Union yeKuchengetedzwa Kwezvisikwa (IUCN).

Unoziva here mamwe marudzi ealgae?