Nhoroondo yemandarin

Mandarin ndechimwe chezvibereko zvemucitrus zvinonyanya kudiwa nevanhu vakuru nevana. Uye izvi imhaka yekuti, kazhinji, inotapira kupfuura maranjisi, uye kuve diki, haina kuzadza yakawanda. Uye zvakare, ine imwe mvura shoma kupfuura "hanzvadzi dzakura." Asi izvo iwe zvausingazive ndeye nhoroondo yemandarin. Iwe unoziva here kuti ine inokatyamadza mavambo?

Kana iwe uchida kuziva chikonzero nei mamandarini aripo, kwaakabva, kana kuti nei vachidaidzwa nezita iri, saka tinotarisa kumashure kuti iwe uzive chimwe chinhu zvakare nezve nhoroondo yemandarin. Izvo hazvizobereka iwe, isu tinokuvimbisa iwe.

Mandandarin anobva kupi

Chinhu chekutanga iwe chaunofanirwa kuziva ndechekuti, semichero yakawanda yemuchero, mandarin anobva kuAsia. Kunyanya kubva kuChina uye Indochina, ndidzo dzaive nzvimbo huru kwayakarimwa. Kunyangwe paine kumwe kutsvagurudza kwakanangana nemuchero uyu muHimalaya, kunyanya mumasango makasimwa miti yakati wandei yemucitrus.

La Kutanga kutaurwa kumandarin kunobva muzana ramakore rechi12 BC, izvo zvinototiudza kuti yakura zvakadii. Nekudaro, yakatanga chete mudunhu diki kwainopararira, kunyanya kuburikidza neSoutheast Asia, pamwe nechikamu cheIndia.

Zvinonzi, muzana ramakore regumi, chiMandarin chaitozivikanwa mumatunhu ese ekumaodzanyemba eJapan. Zvisinei, zvakatora makore anopfuura mazana mana kuti itange kuzivikanwa mune mamwe makondinendi, uye kuti igovaniswe. Zvinonzi ivo havana kumhara muEurope kusvika muzana ramakore rechi400. Sezviri pachena, munhu akaita mandarin kuzivikanwa aive Sir Abraham Hume, murume wechiRungu uyo ​​akasarudza kuunza iyi michero yemuchero kuEngland. Kunyanya, mhando mbiri dzemandarin kubva kuGuangzhow (Canton).

Nguva pfupi yapfuura, uye nekuona kubudirira kwaive nekutanga kutora uku, miti yakatumirwa kuMalta. Uye saka, mhando dzakasiyana dzakagadzirwa, kuva imwe yadzo iyo yairimwa muItari (yeMediterranean mandarin). Izvi zvakasvika panenge panguva imwechete seMalta, uye nekufamba kwenguva mamandarins akachinjika kune ayo atinoziva nhasi.

Iro rinodakadza zita remandarin

Mukati meiyo nhoroondo yemandarin isu tinofanirwa kugadzira ndima nezve zita rayo. Ichokwadi kuti, zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yaunogara, inonzi neimwe nzira.

Semuenzaniso, mune kesi ye England, kwavari "Mandarin". MuItaly neSpain, mandarin. India inoiti Santara kana Suntara; ndichiri muJapan, mandarin ndiwo mikan. Uye kuChina? Ivo vanonzi Chu, Ju kana Chieh.

Asi, zvakabvepi kubva kunodaidza iyi citrus mandarin? Huye, honzeri yezvinhu zvese hapana chimwe kunze kweruvara rweorenji rweganda rako. Ndozvazviri. Chibereko chekutanga chemandarin chakakwezva vazhinji nekuda kwekajeka cheruvara rweorenji. Uye mumwe munhu akafunga kurondedzera izvo ruvara rweorenji nezvipfeko izvo vaMandarin vaipfeka muChina yekare (vatongi). Aya aive akapenya, kunyanya akatsvuka uye orenji, ndosaka vakatanga kushandisa mandarin kureva muchero uyu. Uye hongu, iwe uri munzira chaiyo kana iwe uchifunga kuti uyu muchero waionekwa sewakakodzera kune "vanokudzwa."

Nhoroondo yemandarin uye yedzinza rayo

Mandarin yemadzitateguru ndiyo yekutanga pane zvese, uye chinhu chimwe chaanoziva ndechekuti paive neese "echikadzi" uye "echirume." Ndokunge, ndeimwe yemichero yemicrus inokwanisa kuburitsa mhando mbiri dzemandarini.

Chimwe nechimwe chazvo, zvakare, chinogadzira mimwe michero, zvinova izvo zvatiri kugona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvazvo. Semuenzaniso, mandarins echikadzi akapa Rima Rangpur. Zvisinei, varume vacho ndivo vakatipa tsika yechiMandarin, inovava orenji uye zvakare calamondin. Uye hongu, kubva kune echinyakare mandarin, iyo yemazuva ano mandarin uye inotapira orenji zvakawanikwa.

Nhoroondo yemandarin muSpain

Kana isu tichifunga nezvehukama huripo pakati penhoroondo yemandarin uye nyika yeSpain, isu tinofanirwa kufunga nezve zuva padyo nemazuva edu. Uye ndezvekuti, kunyangwe zvaive muna 1805 pakauya mandarin sechinhu chakajairika muEngland, zvakatora mamwe makore akawanda kusvika kuSpain.

Sekureva kwevaongorori, yekutanga Mareferensi akawanikwa nezvecitrus iyi kuSpain yakadzoka muna 1845. Gore iro, uye kuburikidza neCount of Ripalda, mamwe mabhuru akatumirwa kuValencia kunodzidza hunhu hwemichero iyi. Izvi zvakaitwa kuburikidza neRoyal Economic Society yeShamwari dzeNyika, asi hapana kana nguva yavakavavarira kurima, asi kuti vaongorore kuti michero iyi yesitrus yaibata sei.

Zvakatora makore angangoita gumi nerimwe muna, muna 11, uye nekuda kwePolo de Bernabé, vakatanga kurimwa. Kune izvi, dunhu reCastellón rakasarudzwa, kunyanya Burriana. Ichi chirimwa chaireva kukura kwakakura kwenharaunda iyoyo, sezvo ivo vaigovera zvinodiwa zvechikamu chikuru chezvese kugadzirwa kwemichero yemicrus.

Uye ndeupi musiyano wakarimwa? Zvakanaka, zviripachena, tiri kutaura nezve iyo Yakajairika Mandarin. Sezvinozivikanwa, Yakanga isiri kusvika 1920-1930 kuti mhando nyowani dzakabuda, kutanga naSatsuma kana Clementine.

Inoita mandarin yepakutanga uye iyo ikozvino inotaridzika zvakafanana?

Zvinosuruvarisa kwete. Ivo havana chekuita nazvo nekuti, senge zvese zvimwe, zvakachinja. Misiyano pamwe nemiyedzo yakaitwa yakakonzera kurimwa kwepakutanga, kana kukosha kwemandarin, kurasikirwa.

Izvi zvinoreva kuti mandarin kubva kuzviuru zvemakore apfuura uye imwe kubva zvino haina kufanana zvachose, kana maererano nesaizi, ruvara, kugadzirwa, kuravira, kutapira, nezvimwe. Kufamba kwenguva, ivhu uye zvese zvinobata zvirimwa kuri kuita kuti zvienderane nemamiriro matsva ekurarama, uye ndizvo zvakaitwawo nemuti uyu.

Iye zvino zvaunoziva zvishoma nezve nhoroondo yemandarin, unozviona nemaziso akasiyana?