Mhunga (Mhunga)

Vanhu, kwezviuru zvemakore, vakadzidza 'kudzora' huwandu hwakawanda hwezvirimwa kuti vabatsirwe, semuenzaniso, kubva kune kwavo hutano zvinovaka. Mupfungwa iyi, nhasi patinoziva kuti kune vanhu vazhinji vane kusagadzikana kweguteni, iyo shuwa Iyo inounzwa sekere inonakidza kwazvo kwavari.

Neichi chikonzero, iri kuramba ichirimwa, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinodziya uko kunonayawo zvishoma, nekuti kusiyana nemamwe maruva, inotsigira kusanaya kwemvura zvakanaka.

Kwakatangira uye hunhu hwemhunga

Mhunga izita rakajairika remakumi matatu nesere kana makumi mapfumbamwe anogamuchirwa ejenasi Sorghum. Izvi zvinosanganisirwa mumhuri yePoaceae, iya yehuswa. Izvo zvirimwa zvinogara zviripo kuAmerica, Europe, Africa neAsia. Vanokudziridza cylindrical madzinde, akamira, herbaceous, aine lanceolate girini mashizha, uye nehurefu hwe1 kusvika 2 metres.

Maruva ayo akatsvukuruka, yero kana dema, akabatanidzwa mumapikicha, uye ane yakatenderera-yakatenderera chimiro. Mukuwedzera, vane stamens uye pistils, zvichivaita hermaphroditic. Mbeu idiki, anenge matatu mamirimita.

Sezvo ruzivo rwekufarira, iwe unofanirwa kuziva izvo midzi yawo inogona kusvika pamamita maviri kudzika, Chero bedzi nzvimbo yacho ichikwanisika.

Mhando huru

Mhando mbiri dzakakurumbira ndeidzi:

Mhunga bicolor

El Mhunga bicolor, inozivikanwa segorghum kana mhunga, chirimwa chinoberekerwa kuEast Africa. Iyo inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo yechishanu yakakosha zviyo maererano neyakagadzirwa, sezvo ichiverengerwa kuti pamusoro penzvimbo yainorimwa makiromita 470.000 pasirese.

Samhu halepense

El Samhu halepense, inozivikanwa seAleppo sorghum, inowanikwa pakati peAfrica, kunyange ichiunzwa muAmerica. Kunyangwe ichikosha kwazvo, sezvo ichinyanya kushandiswa sefuruji (chenjera, sezvo muchando kana kusanaya kwemvura, inova chepfu kumombe), iriwo rimwe remakwenzi anokuvadza zvakanyanya kubva kumatunhu akadzikama uye anodziya epasi, kusanganisira iyo Mediterranean neSouth America.

Ndezvipi zvinoshandiswa zvinopihwa kumhunga?

Sorghum imiriwo isingagumi iyo inoverengeka yekushandisa. Semuyenzaniso:

• Zvinovaka muviri: isina gluten, chibage chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo dzakasiyana, senge matanda, chingwa, mukoma, porridge, kana munyama nemiriwo. Zvinwiwa zvinodhaka zvakare zvakagadzirwa.
• Ndinofunga mhuka: kunyanya kuNorth America neEastern Europe.
• MitsvairoIwo mashanga akaomeswa nemashizha emhunga anogona kushandiswa kugadzira mutsvairo.
• Bioethanol: inokosheswa kuiburitsa, pamwe nezvimwe zviyo zvakaita sezviyo kana bhari.

Kurimwa kwemhunga

Kana iwe uchida kutanga kukura chirimwa ichi iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezvacho zvinodiwa kuti iwe ugone kunyatso kuwana gohwo rakanaka. Saka, ngatitangei:

Climate

Mamiriro ekunze anofanira kunge ari inodziya. Chinhu chakanakisa ndechekuti hapachina mazaya echando, asi kana aripo, anofanirwa kuve akapfava kusvika -4ºC. Iwe unozoona kuti inokura nekukurumidza muzhizha, kana iyo thermometer iri pamusoro pe32ºC yakakwira.

Pasi

Izvo hazvisi zvekumanikidza zvakanyanya, kubvira inokura muvhu rakasiyana siyana chero bedzi iri alkaline. Ikozvino, kana iine yakaorera, yakadzika, uye zvakare inodurura mvura nekukasira, ipapo vanozove nekuvandudzwa kuri nani pane iwo anorema (ndokuti, vanowanzo dzvanya yakawanda).

Kudiridza

Kudiridza kuchave kushoma pane kweimwe zvirimwa zvezviyo. Sezvo ichikura, zvinokurudzirwa kuidiridzira avhareji kaviri kana katatu pasvondo, asi kana yagadziriswa, iyo yekudiridza ichave yakakamurwa. Muchiitiko chekuti munzvimbo yako kazhinji kunonaya nguva dzose, mukati megore rose, kubva mumwaka wechipiri unogona kurega kunetseka nekudiridza mbeu yako yemhunga.

Kuwanza

Mhunga inogona kuwedzerwa nembeu, kana nekukamurwa kweiyo rhizome muchirimo:

Mbeu

Mbeu inodyarwa mumateyi embeu, sezvo nenzira iyoyo vanozodzorwa. Uzadze iwo neyakaenzana substrate (pakutengesa pano), woisa imwe kana maviri muhomwe imwe neimwe. Vafukidze nevhu diki, uye mvura nekunyudza.

Kana ichinge yadiridzwa zvakanaka, isa munzvimbo ine zuva, uye chengeta iyo substrate yakanyorova. Saka dzinozomera mukati memazuva manomwe, patembiricha ye7-12ºC.

Rhizome kupatsanurwa

Iyo inokurumidza nzira yekuwana nyowani nyowani ndeye kugovanisa mudzi rhizome kuita zvidimbu zvakati wandei, wozodyara izvi mune mamwe mativi ebindu kana muhari ine substrate.

Kana iwe uchida, iwe unogona kuwedzera rooting mahormoni kuzvidimbu usati waadyara, kuitira kuti vawane mukana uri nani wekuburitsa mitsva midzi.

Rusticity

Zvinoenderana nemhando yezvipenyu, asi kazhinji zvinomira nechando uye chando chisingaite -4ºC. Chero zvazvingaitika, kana iwe uchigara munzvimbo inotonhora inodonha zvakanyanya, usanetseke nekuti inokura zvakanaka uye inokura nekukurumidza.

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