Tomato ndeimwe yemichero (kunyangwe vazhinji vachiri kuutora semuriwo) uyo watinodya mazuva ese. Mune saradhi, sekuperekedza, yega kana sechinhu chinosanganisa mumidziyo yedu, chave chikamu chakakosha chekudya kweMediterranean (pamwe nevamwe). Asi chii chaunoziva nezvenhoroondo yedomasi?
Kana iwe uchida kuziva nezvekuti chikafu ichi chinobvepi, kuti chakatangira kupi uye kana zvachinja nekufamba kwenguva, tiri kuzokubvunza iwe famba kuburikidza nenhoroondo yese yemadomasi. Zvekuti, pakupedzisira, iwe unopedzisira uchizvifarira.
Nhoroondo yetomatisi: inobvepi?
Tomato, kubva kuabergine, mbatatisi uye mhiripiri mhuri, inouya ichibva kuzasi kweAndes. Tine chikwereti chaicho kuvaAztec vari muMexico, vakairima kuminda yavo uye avo, Christopher Columbus paakawana America, vazhinji vekuEurope vakaziva muchero wavakange vachirima.
Kune maAztec, zita remadomasi raive «tomatl», izvo mumutauro wavo zvaireva "kuzvimba muchero", hunhu hwedomasi, sezvo ivo vachibuda mudiki diki vozoita mukobvu, uye vachichinja kubva kune iro girini toni (kuti havana kuibva) kuenda kune rakatsvuka uye rinonaka
Neichi chikonzero, kune vakundi veSpanish, uye nekuti izwi rekutanga raive rakaomarara kududza, vakasarudza kuridaidza kuti "tomato."
Nhoroondo yemadomasi isati yawanikwa muEurope
Zvinoenderana nezvakawanikwa mukuchera matongo muAmerica, zvinogona kuzivikanwa kuti madomasi akange atorimwa nekudyiwa netsika dzemadzitateguru. Muchokwadi, kuchine mamwe marudzi gumi nematatu emusango emadomasi zvinomera izvo zvisingazivikanwe mune mamwe mativi epasi.
En Mexico pane humbowo hwekuti madomasi aive aripo muna 700 BC, zvirokwazvo nekuti vese muPeru neMexico vakazvipira kuita chirimwa chemusango.
Uye zvakare, mashiripiti akaverengerwa kwaari. Zvinoenderana nezvavakataura, kana mumwe munhu akaita kuti mbeu dzisakurirwe, zvaive nekuti vaizowana masimba ekuuka.
Tomato inosvika rini kuSpain?
Kana iwe uchirangarira nhoroondo, Columbus akawana America muna 1492, zviri muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Zvisinei, zvinozivikanwa kuti madomasi, pamwe nezvimwe zvekudya zvakaita sembatatisi, mbatatisi, chibage kana chili, hazvina kusvika kuSpain kusvika muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
Nei yakatora nguva yakareba kudaro? Zvakanaka, nekuti anga asiri Columbus akazviwana. Izvo zvinonzi zvinoitwa nevanhu vaviri. Kuna Bernal Díaz de Castillo, uyo, akabatwa nemaIndia muGuatemala muna 1538, akacherekedza kuti vaida kuidya mukaseti ine munyu, mhiripiri uye madomasi. Uye akazvirondedzera mutsika yeAztec yekudya maoko nemakumbo evakakundwa nematomatisi, hanyanisi, mhiripiri nemunyu.
Kune rimwe divi, zvinonzi Hernán Cortés akawana michero iyi muminda yeMoctezuma uye ndafunga kuenda navo kuOkare Continent. Izvi zvaive muna 1521, mushure mekukunda guta reTenochtítlan uye kuve gavhuna.
Chinozivikanwa chinenge chiri chechokwadi ndechekuti anofanira kunge akasvika kuSeville, imwe yenzvimbo dzekutengeserana dzenyika dzepasi rose, muna 1540. Vatengesi vazhinji vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana siyana vaisangana ipapo kuti vatenge zvinhu uye chikafu uye ndosaka zvichizivikanwa kuti, mu 1544, Mattioli, nyanzvi yemakwenzi yeItaly, akaisuma kuItari. Kutanga, yakazozivikanwa se "Aurea yakaipa", asi gare gare vakachinja zita racho kuva "Pomodoro".
Zviripachena, yakasvetukira kune dzimwe nyika mushure meSpain, senge France. Muchokwadi, imomo vakautora semuchero weaphrodisiac, ndosaka vakatanga kuudaidza "Pomme d'amour". Izvi zvakatsigirwa neongororo iyo, zvakare muna 1544, yakaitisa mumwe wechiDutch mishonga yemakwenzi, Dodoens, uyo akaipa iyo mhando.
Chinhu chinozivikanwa nevashoma ndechekuti madomasi ekutanga akasvika kuSpain neItaly aive asina kutsvuka. Asi yero. Muchokwadi, zita ravakaripa muItaly raireva iro vara, nekuti pomodoro rinouya kureva "Pommel yegoridhe".
Waizviziva here kuti chirimwa chemadomasi chaionekwa sechepfu?
Pakasvika madomasi, zvirimwa nembeu zvawo zvasvika kuSpain, bhotani haina kutariswa senzira yekurapa yesainzi, uye kudzidza kweizvi kwakaitwa navanachiremba nevapikisi, pamwe nevechechi, uye zviri pachena Vakakanganisa mukuongorora kwavo nekufunga kuti kuvepo kwetomatine kwaive nouturu. Izvi zvaikonzerwa nekuti yaifungidzirwa kuva alkaloid, iripo mumashizha nemichero isina kukura, yaive yakafanana zvakanyanya nebelladonna, saka vazhinji vakakurudzira kuti havafanirwe kutorwa uye, kana chirimwa chaive nacho, chaingova Chikamu chekushongedza.
Izvi, pamwe ne kutenda munharaunda kuti miriwo yanga isina hutano, akagadzira madomasi nembatatisi pakutanga zvakarapwa zvine hungwaru.
Asi izvo hazvina kumisa vanhu vazhinji kuyedza madomasi uye kuisanganisa mumabikirwo avo.
Muchero kana muriwo? Iyo gakava munhoroondo yetamato
Tomato inoonekwa sechibereko chevamwe. Asi kune vamwe imuriwo. Iwo musoro wenyaya wakonzera kupokana kukuru, uye chokwadi ndechekuti mhinduro inogona kusazvifarira. Asi kupatsanurwa uku kwakabuda muUnited States.
En 1887 mutemo wakadzikwa. Imomo, mutero waiiswa pamiriwo yese kubva kunze, asi michero yaisabhadharwa kuti uibhadhare. Saka makambani aipinza matomatisi aiti tomato ndiwo muchero.
Ehe, hurumende yakazvipikisa, ikati, kana ichishandiswa mumasaladhi kana sechinhu chemidziyo, kwete sedhiri, waive muriwo, ndiko kuti, muriwo, nekudaro vaifanira kubhadhara mutero.
Asi ndizvo chaizvo here? Isu tinoiongorora:
- Tomato semichero. Sekureva kwebhodani, madomasi chibereko nekuti ine mhodzi uye chirimwa chinotumbuka (chirimwa chemadomasi).
- Madomasi semuriwo. Zvinoenderana nechikafu chekubikisa, madomasi imuriwo nekuti une hunyoro hwakaomarara, kuravira kwakapfava uye ndiwo musanganiswa wekugadzira ndiro dzakasiyana, senge masobho, kurunga-frizi, stews, nezvimwe. Panzvimbo iyoyo, muchero unotsvedza mukugadzirwa uye unotapira kana wakasviba kuravira, asi unongoshandiswa pamapopsiki kana jamu
Ndeupi akarurama? Zvakanaka, zvese. Iyo tomato inogona kutariswa sechibereko (nebhotani) kana muriwo (nekudyiwa kwekubika). Muchokwadi, kune mimwe miriwo iyo inonyatso kutariswa michero padanho re botanical, semaorivhi, chibage, biringanya, avocado, cucumber, pizi ...
Sezvauri kuona, iyo nhoroondo yetamato yakareba. Wanga uchimuziva here? Unoyera sei madomasi, semuchero kana semuriwo?