Mukati mezvirimwa zvevascular, ndiko kuti, angiosperms, gymnosperms uye pteridophytes (ferns), kune makondomu kuburikidza nawo sosi inotakurwa. Aya anonzi xylem uye phloem.
Zvinogona kutotaurwa kuti ivo vakaita setsinga dzemhuka, dzatinosanganisira isu pachedu, nekuti ivo vanoita basa rimwe chete. Asi chii chaizvo?
Chii chinonzi xylem uye phloem uye chii chiri basa ravo?
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Kuti unzwisise kukosha kwavo, unofanira kutanga waziva zvavari uye kuti ndeapi hunhu. Saka ngatisvikei pairi:
Xylem
El xylem lignified tishu (ndosaka ichizivikanwawo sehuni) inoumbwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzemasero muchimiro chemachubhu madiki. Aya ane rusero rwechipiri maseru anovapa kuramba. Mhando mbiri dze xylem dzinosiyaniswa:
- Puraimari: ine protoxylem uye metaxylem.
- Protoxylem: ndicho chidimbu chekutanga chinozivikanwa nekuve nemidziyo ine ringed kana yekumonera, pamusoro pekusimba nekutenda kwazvinogona kuchinjika sezvo zvirimwa zvinokura
- Metaxylem: inoumbwa nemidziyo inodzokororwa uye scalariform, uye ivo vane dhayamita yakakura kupfuura yeiyo protoxylem. Zvirimwa zvidiki chete zvinazvo. Sezvavanokura, iyo metaxylem inokura.
- Sekondari: ndiyo inoburitsa cambium *. Zvinhu izvi zvinosiyaniswa:
- Makondakita: anoumbwa nemidziyo yakabatanidzwa iyo kuburikidza nekupwanywa kwemadziro avo, uye yetracheid ayo akaiswa pamusoro machubhu.
- Asina-kuitisa: iwo iwo mafiraira eiyo xylem.
*Cambium inowanikwa chete mune zvirimwa zvine hunisemiti. Zvikamu zviviri zvemasero evakuru zvinosiyaniswa: yekutanga, iri mukati mukati mehunde, ndiyo inogadzira huni, uye panoumbwa mhete dzekukura; yechipiri, kune rimwe divi, inosanganisirwa nephloem uye ndipo panotakurirwa sora ine ruzivo.
Chii chiri basa reiyo xylem?
Inotarisira takura mvura uye zvicherwa munyu kubva pamidzi kusvika kumashizha. Uyu musanganiswa we'zvigadzirwa 'unozivikanwa sesavhu mbishi. Nekuda kwehunhu hwayo, inopawo kugadzikana kumuti.
Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti uwedzere kuti kana chirimwa chiri mukukura kuzere, iyo xylem inhengo inorarama, asi kana yakura, inova nyama yakafa.
Phloem
Zvirimwa zvinoita chimwe chinhu chisina mumwe wedu anogona: kuita photosynthesis, kana izvo zvinouya kuzove zvakafanana: gadzira chikafu chavo pachavo nekuda kwezuva uye kabhoni dhayokisaidhi. Asi Kuti chikafu ichi chisvike kumativi ese, zvinodikanwa kuti chine midziyo yekufambisa, inozivikanwa nezita rekuti phloem, kana magirazi eRiberia.
Isu tinowana phloem mukati memuti wese, saka tinogona kuwana pfungwa yekuti yakakosha sei kwazviri. Iyo inoumbwa nemhando mbiri dzakasiyana dzemasero:
- Sieve machubhu: ivo vane akareba chimiro, uye akarongeka akatwasuka. Masero akapatsanurwa pakati pawo, uye akavezwa mhedzisiro inopfuura nezvimwe zvinhu.
- Akanamatira maseru: madiki muhukuru, uye chimiro chavo hachina kujairika. Basa rayo ndere kudzora mashandiro emaseru ehusero.
Chii chiri basa reiyo phloem?
Phloem inobata kutakura zvinovaka muviri kubva kumashizha kuenda kune chimwe chirimwa. Izvi zvinozivikanwa seyakagadziriswa sap. Saka iripenyu nyama, uye inoramba yakadaro kusvikira yasvika kumagumo ehupenyu hwayo.
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pe xylem ne phloem?
Chikamu chemuchinjikwa wedzinde redanda. 1. medulla, 2. protoxylem, 3. xylem, 4. phloem, 5. sclerenchyma, 6. cortex uye 7. epidermal tishu.
Kunze kwehunhu hwayo, musiyano mukuru pakati peimwe neumwe ndewekuti iyo xylem inoitisa kutakura mbishi mbishi kubva pamidzi kuenda kumashizha, uye iyo phloem sosi inogadzirwa munzira yakapesana. Ndeapi maviri sosi akagadzirwa?
- Raw sap: iyi mhando ine yakanyanya mvura, asi zvakare zvicherwa uye kukura kwenguva dzose, pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvakanyungudika.
- Yakagadzirwa sap: ine mvura, zvicherwa, shuga uye phytoregulators.
Sezvauri kuona, iyo xylem uye phloem zvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana kwazvo zvezvirimwa, asi zvine mabasa akakosha.