La Dioscorea alata (yams) chikafu chinodyiwa chikafu chemamirioni avanhu pasirese, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinopisa. Izvi zvinozivikanwawo se yam hombe kana yemvura yam, iri imwe yemhando huru dzinorimwa uye dzakaparadzirwa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzinopisa.
Zvisinei nekukosha kwayo kwehupfumi pamwe netsika, zvishoma kwazvo zvinozivikanwa nezvekwakabva, kusiyanisa uye genetics. Semhedzisiro, kuedza kwekubereka kurwisa chirwere chayo chikuru, anthracnose, kwave kushoma.
Kutanga
Zvinonzi izvo Dioscorea alata yakatanga kuSoutheast Asia, kwayakatanga kurimwa. Inorimwa munzvimbo dzese dzinopisa uye dzinopisa uye inomiririra kupararira kukuru pasirese kwema dioscoreas. Pamusoro peSoutheast Asia, kurimwa kwayo kwakapararira kwazvo muCaribbean (panowanikwa yam yakakosha), muWest Africa (uko kunongopfuurwa ne Dioscorea rotundata Poiret) uye muOceania.
Iyo chaiyo ndiyo inonyanya kukosha mhando muSoutheast Asia uye kurimwa kwayo kuri kwakapararira munyika dzese dzedunhu, kunyanya muIndonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines neVietnam.
Hunhu hweDioscorea alata
Ichi chirimwa chakakosha mumatunhu enzvimbo dzinopisa, uko chinokosheswa sekudya. Ine midzi uye a mhando yemabhuru yakasimba kwazvo, iyo fomu pasi pevhu tubers ine huwandu hwakanyanya hwechikafu. Mukuwedzera, icho chirimwa chinokwira icho chine zvinonakidza zvemushonga.
Mashizha acho akakura, akaumbwa pamoyo uye akajeka girini muvara, anogona kusvika kusvika pamasendimita makumi maviri nemashanu. Tsinga dzinoiswa mucherechedzo uye mhando dzakasiyana dzinoratidza toni dzepepuru pane banga. Miti yacho inogadzira machubhu uye mabara (zvemuchadenga tubers), iyo inobuda kubva kumaaxils emashizha. Izvi zvinowirirana uye zvakapfuma mumakabhohaidhiretsi, ayo anotendera kuti chirimwa chirarame munzvimbo dzakaoma zvakanyanya.
Kutarisirwa
Icho chirimwa chinowanzoitika chemunzvimbo dzinopisa, chinokura mushe munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinonyorova munzvimbo yeparutivi N uye S ye30º (equatorial line). Tembiricha yakakodzera yemuriwo uyu iri pakati pe25 ne30ºC, mwaka wemvura wakakomberedza 1.500mm / gore, ine mwaka unotsanangurwa wakaoma wemwedzi miviri kusvika mishanu. Iyo Dioscorea alata haina kubvumira kutonhora uye zvishoma chando.
Inoda ivhu rakareruka ine isina jecha kugadzirwa, yakadzika, ine yakanaka drainage, yakafuma mune yakasikwa zvinhu, ine yakanaka mwando yekuchengetedza kugona. Munguva yekukura kwayo, ivhu rinofanira kunge rakanyorova. Acidic ivhu, ivhu-rakaumbwa ivhu uye materu anoenderana nekukurwa kunofanirwa kudzivirirwa.
Tsika
Ichi chi asexual kubereka chirimwa, kurimwa kwayo kunoitwa kubudikidza nemazirara ega kana zvidimbu zveizvi. Mune yega yega tuber kune akati wandei matombo anokosha ayo anokura kana mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza akanaka. Inogona kushandiswa nezviyereso zviri pakati pe50g ne250g.
Matubhu chete anorema 150g kana kudarika ndiwo anofanirwa kusarudzwa kuti aite zvidimbu zviviri kana zvitatu; Kucheka kunogona kuitwa panguva yekudyara kana nechiziviso chipfupi (cheka mazuva matatu pamberi kana kusvika kuzuva rimwe usati waisa zvidimbu mumumvuri). Iwo machunks anofanira kuchengetwa munzvimbo ine mweya uye dzivirirwe kubva kuhunyoro, kupisa uye kusagadzikana.
Use
Icho chikafu chakapfuma mumahydrohydrate, chinonyanya kudyiwa munzvimbo dzinopisa, chinogaya nyore uye chakakodzera kudya. Yam yakafuma starch, pfuma yakawanda ye beta-carotene, mavitamini C uye B yakaoma; inewo calcium, iron ne phosphorus.
Ndicho chirimwa chinozivikanwawo neicho chinobvisa uye chinosuka zvinhuInokurudzirwa zvakare kurapwa kwezvirwere zvakaita se rheumatism, arthritis, uric acid uye kuzvimba kwakawanda. Iyo inoshandiswawo kudzivirira zvirwere zvinoparadzirwa neumhutu, senge dengue, malaria uye yero fever.
Iyo zvakare ine chivakwa chekudzorera uye kuchengetedza iyo ine hutano uye isingadziviriri immune immune. Mu Africa zvinonzi zvinokonzeresa kubereka muvakadzi avo vanoishandisa mukudya kwavo nguva dzose.
Zvirwere nezvipembenene
Izvo zvakanyanya anthracnose, chirwere chinotadzisa kukura uye kukura kwe Dioscorea alata uye yakaoma kuora chirwere, inokonzerwa ne yam nematode.