Ndezvipi zvakanakira nekuipira ivhu rekuumba?

Kuumba ivhu imhando yevhu ine zvayakanakira zvakawanda asiwo zvimwe zvinokanganisa. Mutengo waro wakanaka chaizvo - bhegi re80-litre rinogona kuita mari isingasvike pa15 euros-, saka zvakakosha kuti ugare uine pamba, kunyanya kana tiri vamwe vevaya vanoenda kukireshi uye vasingakwanise kudzoka vasina maoko. Asi chaizvo izvo uye kuti udzivise matambudziko mune ramangwana, ini ndiri kuzokuudza ndezvipi zvakanakira nekuipira ivhu.

Muchikamu chino tichaenda kukuudza zvese hunhu, zvakanakira nekuipira kwekugadza substrate.

Mhando huru

Kuti gadheni redu repamba rikure zvakanaka uye riwane goho rakanaka, tinofanirwa kusarudza substrate nemazvo. Sezvo isu tichiziva, kune akasiyana mabhenefiti uye zvakaipira kupomba substrate zvinoenderana nerudzi rwatinoshandisa. Mhando yega yega ye substrate ine akasiyana maitiro uye inochinjaniswa kune imwe mhando yemhando kana imwe. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti uzive nzira yekusarudza nenzira kwayo substrate iyo inokodzera zvakanyanya kune zvinodikanwa zvemuti watinomera. Semuenzaniso, kana tichizorima miriwo, zvinonhuhwirira uye mishonga yekurapa kana miti yekushongedza, zvinoda hunhu hwakasiyana muiyo substrate.

Iko kuvapo uye kushandiswa kweiyo potting substrate zvakakosha kubatsira zvirimwa kuti zvinyanye kumira kuzvipukanana nezvirwere. Izvo zvipembenene zvakakosha mukurima ndeye whiteflies, mealybugs, mapapu, hozhwa uye slugs, pakati pevamwe. Kune rimwe divi, isu tine zvirwere zviri nani zvinozivikanwa zvakaita sehupfu, chakuvhe uye ngura.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kutariswa kuti iyo substrate ndiyo sosi huru yekudya iyo isingangogutse chete chirimwa asi zvakare inobatsira kusimudzira kubereka kwevhu uye inopa zvese zvinovaka muviri zvekusimudzira michero. Inobatsirawo kupa rutsigiro kumuti uye unokwanisa kuchengetedza imwe huwandu hwemvura. Iko kugona kuchengetedza mvura kunofanirwa kuverengerwa zvichienderana nerudzi rwechirimwa chatiri kudyara. Uye kune mamwe marudzi asingatsigire mvura, saka iyo substrate inofanira zvakare kuvimbisa kutenderera kwakanaka kwemhepo kubvumidza midzi kukura uye kukura zvakanaka.

Mhando dze substrates dzekukura zvirimwa

Apa ndipo patinoenda kunoongorora mhando dzakasiyana dzokurapa kwavo uye zvakanakira nekuipira kwekugadza substrate. Pamusoro pehunhu hwataurwa pamusoro, isu tinofanirwa kuongorora mameseji eiyo substrate kuti tizive kugona kwayo. Inofanirwa kuve yakajeka uye ine hunyoro kuitira kuti igone kurega midzi ichifema uye kuti vagone kukura vachiwana zvinovaka muviri nemvura nyore. Zvakanakisa kusanganisa musanganiswa wehari yezvikamu zvakasiyana siyana kuti utore mukana wehunhu hunobatsira uhwo hwese hwatinounzira.

Tichaongorora kuti ndedzipi dzakasiyana mhando, zvakanakira nekuipira kweiyo potting substrate:

• Earthworm humus: Iyo ndeimwe yemapoto substrates iyo inowanikwa nenzira yeanozivikanwa vermicompost. Icho hachisi chimwe chinhu kunze kwerudzi rwe organic organic substrate iyo inobatsira kupa zvakakwana kubereka pasi nekutenda kune yayo yakawanda yezvinyorwa zvemaminerari senge phosphorus, potasium, calcium, magnesium, uye iron uye sodium. Iyo zvakare yakakwira senitrogen inova iyo huru inovaka muviri muzvirimwa. Iyo ine spongy dhizaini uye yakanakisa yekuvandudza mweya conduction pamusoro penyika. Uye zvakare, nekutenda kuwanda kweichi chikafu, zvinofarira kumera kwembeu. Iyo pasiworm humus Inobatsira kudzikisa kukura kwefungus uye mabhakitiriya anokanganisa kukura kwezvirimwa. Unogona kuzvitenga pano.
• Padded: Unyanzvi hunoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu permaculture iri kugadzira yepamusoro dhayeti ine padding. Chinangwa chikuru ndechekuderedza kukosora uye nekupa zvinhu zvevhu kune ivhu. Neichi chikamu chepamusoro chepamusoro midzi inodzivirirwa pamamiriro akashata ezvakatipoteredza senge kupisa kwakanyanya kana kutonhora, kunyorova kwakanyanya nemhepo. Inobatsira kuchengetedza yakakwana humidity yekukura kwezvirimwa. Inopawo kudzikisira kuwanda kwemadiridziro saka hatichengetedze chete pamvura, asi zvakare chirimwa chinoda kuchengetedzwa kushoma.
• Kokonati fiber: Iyo ndeimwe mhando ye substrate iyo inowira pasi pechikamu chemukati. Inogona kuwedzerwa kumusanganiswa watinogadzirira kuzadza hari uye inokodzera mhando dzese dzezvirimwa. Iyo inovandudza iwo mweya conduction kugona, mvura uye chikafu chekuchengetedza uye inoderedza njodzi yekuonekwa kwezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nefungus. Tora pano.
• Perlite: la perlite Iyo inoumbwa nemagirosa uye hunhu hwayo hunosanganisira okisijeni yepasi nekuda kwekukwirira kwayo, kusagadzikana kukukurwa uye kubviswa kwezvimwe zvipembenene uye zvipuka. Chekupedzisira, inoderedza kuoneka kwemiti isingadiwe muchirimwa. Usapotsa.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Yakazara gwara kune substrates: sei kusarudza yakanyanya kukodzera kune chako chirimwa

Zvakanakira nekuipira kwekugadzira substrate

Zvakanakira rudzi urwu rwe substrate zvinotevera:

• Vanotora uye vanochengetedza unyoro: yakakosha kwazvo kumidzi, nekuti kana ikagara yakaoma kwenguva yakareba chirimwa chinogona kukuvara nekuda kwekushaya mvura.
• Iyo pH yakakwira zvishoma kupfuura manomweKunze kwekunge yakanangana nemiti ine acidic, mune iyo mamiriro inenge iine pH pakati pe4 ne6.
• Iyo inoumbwa nema substrates akasiyana: senge nhema peat, blond peat, miti yekudyara, organic chinhu uye perlite.
• Ivo kazhinji vane mudzi activator: izvi zvinokurudzira kukura kweiyo midzi system.
• Mutengo unodhura.

Izvo zvakashata zverudzi urwu rwe substrate zvinotevera:

• Ivo vane tsika yekukomberedza yakawanda: Kana iwe uchigara munzvimbo ine kusimba kwakasimba, iwe unomhanyisa njodzi yekuti inozopedzisira ya "shanduka" kuita dunhu renyika. Ukangodaro, mvura haigone kupinzwa. Kuti uigadzirise, unofanirwa kuisa hari mumudziyo wemvura kwemaminitsi makumi matatu.
• Haina zvakawanda zvinovaka muviri: inowanzo kuve neinosvika 1% nitrogen (N), 0,5% phosphorus (P) uye 0,75% potasium (K), asi hapana chimwe chinhu.
  Chete kana iwe uine midzi yekumisikidza ndipo paunenge uine chimwe chinhu: 15% NPK yega yega litre ye substrate.
• Kune zviratidzo zvakasiyana: zvinoenderana neyatinosarudza, mhando yacho ichave yakaipa kana nani. Kubva pane ruzivo ndinokurudzira kuverenga rondedzero zvakanaka uye kutora iyo ine yakanyanya kusangana kweperlite, zvinova izvo zvinopedzisira zvaita mutsauko nekuona kuti ivhu rine rakanaka drainage.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve zvakanakira nekuipira kwekugadza substrate.