I-walnut ngumthi onamandla ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-25 ubude kunye nesithsaba esibanzi kunye nobubanzi besiqu ukuya kwi-3 ukuya kwi-4 yeemitha. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo ze-walnut, kwaye ngelixa ezininzi zixhathisa izinambuzane, esinye sezifo eziyingozi kakhulu yi-anthracnose. Kufuneka uyazi indlela yokunyanga i-walnut anthracnose ukuze kuncitshiswe iimpembelelo emthini.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ngawaphi amanyathelo ahlukeneyo okufunda indlela yokuchonga i-walnut anthracnose, zithini iimpawu zayo kunye nendlela yokuyilwa nayo.
Iimpawu zeWalnut
Umthi we-walnut uyavuthuluka, oku kuthetha ukuba ulahlekelwa ngamagqabi amaninzi ngamaxesha athile onyaka. Inamaphiko afikelela kwiimitha ezingama-30 ubude kunye nesiqu esikhulu esifikelela kwiimitha ezi-2 ububanzi. Isiqu sifutshane kwaye simhlophe, ngamanye amaxesha sibe ngwevu. Amasebe anamandla akhula kuwo, enza isithsaba esikhulu, esijikelezayo kunye nesijikelezileyo.
Amagqabi e-walnut zikhulu, malunga ne-25 cm ubude, zixhaswa ngama-petioles malunga no-5 ukuya kwi-8 cm ubude. Lamagqabi aluhlaza bumnyama ngombala kwaye ayatshintshana ngobuninzi kumasebe. Iintyatyambo nazo ziluhlaza ngokukhanyayo. Iinkunzi zilila imingcunube, iimazi zizodwa.
Iziqhamo esizibiza ngokuba ngamandongomane ziya kuzalwa kwiintyatyambo zasetyhini, nangona ngokwebhotani zingezizo, kodwa zidrupes, zineendocarp eyenziwe lilitye kunye nenxalenye ebotshiweyo ngaphakathi eyimbewu etyiwayo nexatyiswa kakhulu.
Yintoni i-walnut anthracnose?
IWalnut anthracnose (iGnomonia leptostyla) sisifo sokungunda esibangelwa ngumngundo wodidi lweColletotrichum, iGloesporium, kunye neConiothyrium. Esi sifo senzeka kwiingcambu, amagqabi, kunye neziqhamo ze-walnut xa kukho ukufuma okugqithisileyo kunye namaqondo obushushu aphantsi.. Zonke iintlobo ze-walnuts zichaphazeleka kwesi sifo, kodwa ubunzima bayo ngokuqhelekileyo buxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuvela.
Ke ngoko, izityalo ezincinci ze-walnut zihlala zichaphazeleka kakhulu yi-anthracnose. Kubalulekile ukuba abalimi bachonge i-walnut anthracnose kunye nohlobo lwefungus oluyibangelayo. Ulwazi olulungileyo kunye nolwazi malunga nesi sifo lunokunceda ukubuyisela izityalo zamandongomane. Uhlaselo oluqatha lwe anthracnose lunokubangela ilahleko epheleleyo yesityalo.
Zithini iimpawu?
I-Walnut anthracnose ibangela ukubola okumandla okuqalisa ukusenza buthathaka sonke isityalo ngendlela enzulu kakhulu. Amagqabi achaphazelekileyo avelisa amachokoza amaninzi amancinci, arawndi, amdaka ngebala elimhlophe ngaphantsi, anokwahlula kwizifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane.
Ukongezelela, kumagqabi e-walnut awela phantsi ebusika, i-perithecia (izakhiwo ze-ascocarp) kunye ne-asci kunye ne-ascospores zenziwe. Kwiziqhamo, i-anthracnose ibangela ukuguqulwa, okuchaphazela imbewu, kunye namabala eqela kunye nokwandisa abonwa. Ngexesha lokuyeka kwemifuno kwimithi ye-walnut, ikwanengxaki ye-anthracnose kumasebe ayo akhanyayo, abonakala ngathi amaxolo ane-scaly kwaye ane-gray tinge.
IWalnut anthracnose inxulunyaniswe namaqondo obushushu asondele kwi-20ºC kunye nokufuma okuphezulu kakhulu.. Enye yeempawu ezingaqhelekanga ze-walnut anthracnose ziindawo eziveliswa yifungus ezingakwazi ukungena emithanjeni yamagqabi, ngakumbi ukuba zikhulu.
Uyilawula njani iWalnut Anthracnose
IWalnut anthracnose yingxaki enkulu kumafama kuba inokuchaphazela isityalo sonke kwaye ibangele ilahleko enkulu kwezoqoqosho. Xa iziqhamo zine-anthracnose, azikwazi ukuthengiswa. Ukuba isityalo siyathwaxwa sisifo, siya kutshabalalisa isityalo ngokupheleleyo. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okulawula kunye nokulwa ne-anthracnose ukusuka ngexesha lokutyala, njengoko izityalo zikhula kwaye zikhula.
Indlela yonyango kunye nokulawulwa kwe-walnut anthracnose ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokukhusela ukulima kwaye ekugqibeleni ngokusebenzisa amanyathelo amachiza afanelekileyo ngokuchasene nesifo.
Walnut Anthracnose Unyango
Unyango lokulawula i-anthrax ziimveliso ezinobhedu njengomgaqo osebenzayo:
- ihydroxide yobhedu
- I-oxychloride yobhedu
- Umhluzi weBordeaux
Iingcali zincoma ukusebenzisana nabanye uhlobo lokuthambisa ukugcina imveliso kumaphepha ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-48. Ngethuba lokunyanga, ukuba imvula imvula ngokukhawuleza, kuyimfuneko ukuqala ukususela ekuqaleni kwaye uphinde ulandele inkqubo ngokukhawuleza.
Emva konyango lwesibini ngobhedu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ungeze ezinye iimveliso zefungal ukuphucula impilo yezityalo. Unyango kufuneka lwenziwe ngezigaba ezithathu ngokwephenology yeentlobo:
- Eyokuqala ukuphuphuma
- Okwesibini xa iintyatyambo ezizimazi zidubula
- Eyesithathu lixesha lokumiselwa kweziqhamo
Ukuba ukususela ekuqaleni kwonyango kubonwa ukuba ngunyaka wemvula, kufuneka uphinde unyangwe qho ngeentsuku ezili-15. Kukwacetyiswa ukutshisa amaqabunga awileyo kunye neziqhamo zemithi, ekubeni i-fungus ihlala isebenza ngexesha lasebusika. Ngexesha lokukhula kwesityalo, xa kunokwenzeka ukuba amandongomane wonakaliswe sisichotho, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isibulali ntsholongwane esifana ne-difenoconazole.
Ungayikhusela njani
I-Walnut anthracnose inokuthintelwa ngamanyathelo e-phytosanitary kunye nenkcubeko, apho amanqaku alandelayo angagxininiswa:
- Iintlobo zeHama ezingakhuselekanga kakhulu ekuhlaselweni zizifo kwaye imbewu yazo iyimveliso yemizekelo ephilileyo kunye namandla.
- Khetha izixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo ezingenazo izinto ezinobungozi zokutyala okanye ukutyala.
- Jikelezisa izityalo kwaye usebenzise izityalo ezifanelekileyo ukunqanda ubukho be-anthracnose.
- Sebenzisa indlela yokuchumisa elungeleleneyo, izilungiso zomhlaba, ukunkcenkceshela, kunye nokukhupha amanzi ngendlela efanelekileyo.
- Ukuthena nzulu kwaye rhoqo ukuphelisa iindawo ezichaphazelekayo zomthi we-walnut kunye nokulwa naluphi na umthombo wezifo.
- Pruna izityalo ze-walnut kwaye ususe ukhula ukuthintela ukukhula kunye nokusasazeka kwefungus.
- Ukugcina ubushushu obufanelekileyo kunye neenkqubo zokunkcenkceshela izityalo, ukuphepha amanzi amaninzi kunye nomswakama ophezulu zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokubonakala kwe-anthracnose.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-walnut anthracnose kunye neempawu zayo.