Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo lwesityalo esaziwa ngokuba sisityalo esincinanana. Xa sisithi isityalo sisifunxi-gazi, sibhekisa kwinto yokuba sidinga esinye isidalwa ukuze siphile. Esi sityalo sibizwa I-Orobanche kwaye inempawu ekufanele uzifundisise. Zininzi izifundo kwesi sityalo kuba kukho ezinye iintlobo ngaphakathi kolu didi.
Ke ngoko, siza kulinikela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele zonke iimpawu, amalinge kunye nolawulo lweOrobanche.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Isityalo se-saprophytic esingenayo i-chlorophyll kwaye Ingakhula iye phakathi kweesentimitha ezingama-60-65 ubude ukuba iimeko ezilungileyo ziyafumaneka. Abanayo i-chlorophyll, ngoko ayikwazi ukwenza ifotosinthesisi yodwa. Le yeyona nto iphambili kukuba isityalo sisidudu kwaye sifuna isityalo ukuba sihlale kuso. Iyure ebanjelwe isityalo yile igqithisela amandla kwizakhamzimba eziyimfuneko ukuze iphile.
Ineziqu ezibukhali nezomeleleyo ezibonakala ngathi zitywina njengoko zisiya esiphelweni. Inombala osakhrim, otyheli okanye obomvu kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwayo. Amagqabi ayo amile okweqanda aze abe ngunxantathu kwaye abanzi ububanzi. Kunye nesiqu sinokufumana amagqabi aliqela ngapha nangapha. Ine-inflorescence ye-cylindrical emile ngokutyebileyo kwincopho apho icine khona. Iibracts zayo zifana ngobude neentyatyambo kwaye zihlala zibuyiselwa umva. I-calyx inamacandelo aqhubekayo kwaye inokubethwa ngamazinyo kabini. I-corolla ingama-22 eemilimitha ubude kwaye yenza i-engile ephakathi kwe-45 degrees kunye ne-90 degrees kunye ne-axis yesiqu. I-tubular kunye ne-infundibuliform enemibala eqaqambileyo, efana nombala wewayini.
Imisonto ye-stamens ayinazinwele ngendlela eqhelekileyo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha inokubonisa ezinye ezimfutshane kunye neengqungquthela. Isiqhamo salo sihlobo lwe-capsule.
Indawo yokuhlala kunye nokusasazwa kweOrobanche
Isityalo se-parasitic, sihlala sikhona ngenxa yezityalo ze-hopeadoras. Luhlobo lweparasitic lwesityalo seCentaa asea. Esi sityalo siqhelekile kwiingca zonyaka kwaye sikhona kwimihlaba ene-hydromorphy ethile. Oku kuthetha ukuba kunjalo ngesiqhelo umhlaba opholileyo kwaye ofumileyo. Ziintlobo zePeninsula yaseIberia apho ifumaneka rhoqo kwisiqingatha sempuma yeAragon, Catalonia, Valencia kunye nommandla waseMurcia.
Okomzuzwana khange isasazeke kwi-littoral kunye ne-pre-littoral strip. Yavela okokuqala eMurcia ngesixhobo semifuno esihlaziyiweyo ngo-2005. Kamva yabonwa kwimihlaba enengca ecaleni komthi. ICirsium monspessulanum, isityalo esingakhange sichazwe ngaphambili njengesiqhelo sale ndidi okanye ezinye zohlobo, ngaphandle kokuba kufutshane nakweyiphi na imizekelo yeCentaurea aspera, uhlobo olwalusaziwa njengelona kuphela olonakalise i-O. icterica.
Olunye uphononongo lwakutsha nje lubonisa ukuba iisampulu zifunyenwe zijikeleze iSierra del Tejo kwaye hayi iwaka lafunyanwa kunye neesampulu eziqhelekileyo njengakwizihlahla ezikufutshane. Ngokwesiqhelo, inamagama athile anjenge-preppy wolf kunye ne-jopo de lobo. La magama asetyenziswa eMurcia ukubhekisa kwezi zityalo zohlobo lweOrobanche. Zihlala zineentyatyambo ezityheli kwaye zixhaphakile kwimihlaba efumileyo kwaye zonakalise ibrashi elunxwemeni lweendlela kunye neebhanki zezityalo.
Ulawulo lweOrobanche
Nje ukuba sazi iimpawu kunye nomhlaba wokusasazwa kwesi sityalo sisasasazayo, siza kubona uhlobo lolawulo lokhula ekufuneka lwenziwe. Ukuba sifuna ukulawula ukhula lwe-parasitic, kunzima kakhulu ukulawula kunokhula oluqhelekileyo. Oku kungenxa yeempawu esele sizikhankanyile. Amanyathelo olawulo kunye nokuthintela kufuneka ajolise kwizicwangciso ezinokuthi zidibanise iindlela ezahlukeneyo zolawulo ezijolise kwi ukunciphisa ibhanki yembewu, ukunciphisa imveliso yembewu entsha kunye nokuthintela ukuhanjiswa kwayo kwiindawo ezingangcoliswanga.
Amandla e-Orobanche alele kubuchule bokwenza yenza ibhanki yembewu eninzi emhlabeni. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo egxile ekunciphiseni ukongezwa kwesi sityalo kufuneka ijolise ekunciphiseni le bhanki yembewu ukunciphisa imveliso yayo. Kule nto, kuyimfuneko ukuyila izicwangciso zokudibanisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zolawulo. Ezinye zezicwangciso zidibanisa iindlela ezinjengokusetyenziswa kwelanga, ukufaka iyeza kunye nolawulo olwenziwayo ngokukhetha ngononophelo imihlanganiselwa, umhla wokutyala. Kungenxa yokuba akukho zindlela zolawulo zisetyenzisiweyo ziye zasebenza ngokukodwa.
Enye yemiba efanelekileyo kulawulo lolu hlobo lwezityalo zezinambuzane zokhula ngamanyathelo othintelo lwezempilo. Injongo yamanyathelo othintelo kukwenza oku ukuthintela ukwandiswa kunye nokuhlaselwa kweminye imimandla yasimahla. Masingalibali ukuba sisityalo esidinga ukubanjwa. Ngale ndlela, kubalulekile ukuthatha ukhuseleko ngokuhamba koomatshini bezolimo, imfuyo kunye nezixhobo zezityalo kwiindawo ezichaphazelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, ukusetyenziswa kwembewu eqinisekisiweyo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo kunye ne-substrate ephantsi kococisiso olunococa ngokwaneleyo koomatshini bokulima. Ukongeza, ukubeka iinkomo kwithuba lokuvalelwa kubalulekile kubaluleke kakhulu kuwo onke amanyathelo asisiseko nabalulekileyo athintela ukusasazeka kwesifo esitsha seOrobanche.
Iindlela ezilungileyo
Ukusekwa kwezityalo ezinokuchaphazeleka yi-Orobanche kufuneka kuthintelwe ngamaxesha onke. Kubalulekile ukunqanda ukusasazeka ukuze ube nolwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga neendawo kunye neendawo eziqhele ukosuleleka. Kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ayizizivuno kuphela ezinokubamba, kodwa nezinye Izityalo zasendle nokhula zinokunceda ukunceda ezi zityalo. Zonke ezi zinto kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo kwizicwangciso zolawulo. Elinye lamanqanaba okuqala ala manyathelo othintelo linokuba nexabiso elincinci, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha iziphumo ezilungileyo ziyafezekiswa.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi nge-Orobanche kunye neempawu zayo.