I-pear melon (iSolanum muricatum)

La I-pear melon I-futa engaziwayo kwaye kukuba xa amaqondo obushushu eqala ukunyuka kunye nehlobo lisondela, ubushushu buza notshintsho kumasiko aquka indlela yokunxiba kunye nokutya okutyiweyo. Iziqhamo kunye nemifuno enomthamo wamanzi zilungele ubushushu ezibonelela iivithamini kunye neeminerals, ziluncedo kwimpilo.

Ukusuka kumazwe eAndes kuza ukhetho oluhlaziyayo lokupheka olubizwa ngokuba yi-melon pear. Ngaba isiqhamo esihlaziyayo esimnandi inokubakho kwimiboniso eyahlukeneyo yokupheka njengenketho yokutya kwasentwasahlobo nasehlotyeni.

Umvelaphi

Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuyifaka kwigadi yethu kwaye ke uneentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezinomdla zokukhula kwindawo ezinemozulu epholileyo. Kukho ubungqina obubhaliweyo bokulinywa kweperon yeeperon ngaphambi kokufunyanwa kweMelika. Imizobo engaphambi kweSpanishi kwitafile yodongwe bonisa ukuba ukulinywa kwayo kunye nokusetyenziswa yayiqhelekile, ngakumbi kwiindawo zaseAndean Moche, Paracas naseChimú. Olu hlobo sisityalo esidubula iintyatyambo kusapho lakwaSolanaceae.

Ngexesha lobukoloniyali ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwakungavunyelwanga kwaye kwabuyiselwa kwakhona kuMbindi Merika naseMexico. Ukuthunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe kutsha nje, kuba ayinyamezeli iihambo ezinde kakuhle kakhulu, kodwa nangona kunjalo isivuno siye saziswa kumazwe afana ne-United States, Spain, Australia ne New Zealand. Oku kutya kunegama lenzululwazi Solanum muricatum kwaye inamagama ahlukeneyo athandwayo anje ngala: i-sweet cucumber, i-melon okanye isiqhamo, i-melon yemithi kunye ne-xachum, i-cachum kunye ne -achuma.

Iimpawu zeepear pear

Zininzi iintlobo zefayile ye- I-melon engapheliyo kwilizwe laseAndes ePeru kwaye zonke ziyaqhelana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba. IYunivesithi yasePolytechnic yaseValencia eSpain yavelisa iindidi ezimbini zokulima zaseYurophu eziswiti ezinde nezimnandi. Ikhulile rhoqo ngonyaka kwaye ibonisa ukubonakala kwe-branched. Iingcambu zifikelela kwi-60 cm ubunzulu ngepesenti ephezulu kwi-45 cm yokuqala, iziqu ziyanyibilika kwaye zizolile ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye imibala yamasebe ihlala iluhlaza okanye imfusa kwezinye iintlobo.

Amagqabi anomilo we-lanceolate onokulinganisa ukusuka kwi-10 cm ukuya kwi-30 cm kunye zenziwe ngamaphecana amathathu okanye asixhenxe, iintyatyambo ze-hermaphroditic ziphakathi kweentyatyambo ezintlanu ukuya kumashumi amabini kwiqela ngalinye, amagqabi amhlophe ngemigca emincinci emfusa kwaye ngamanye amaxesha imigca iyigquma ngokupheleleyo intyatyambo okanye imhlophe ngokupheleleyo.

Imbewu incinci kwaye Igram enye inokuqulatha ukuya kwiiyunithi ezingama-900. Zisetyenziselwa ukuphuculwa kwemvelo kwesityalo kodwa hayi ukuveliswa kwakhona, ke kulunge ngakumbi ukutyala ngokusika. Kungenxa yokuba iintlobo ziyi-heterozygous kwaye imbewu inika izityalo ezingafaniyo. Incasa imnene kwaye ayithambisi ukungena enkalakahleni. Kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuvuthwa inokutyiwa njengesiqhamo okanye isithako seesaladi zasehlotyeni.

Ubume kunye neepropathi

I-melon pear sisiqhamo esinepesenti ephezulu yamanzi, malunga ne-90%, ukongeza kwi Iikhalori ezisezantsi, ifayibha, iiminerali kunye neevithamini. Umxholo we potassium uphakathi kwaye umxholo we vithamin C uphezulu, ngenxa yezi zizathu kukutya okuchame kakhulu kwaye kufanelekile kukutya okuneekhalori ezisezantsi. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuluncedo nakubantu abanesifo sokuqunjelwa kunye nokuqunjelwa kwaye kuluncedo kakhulu ekulawuleni nasekukhuseleni izifo zentliziyo, njengoko inceda ekupheliseni i-cholesterol. Inezinto ezichaseneyo nokudumba kwaye iyazikhulula iimpawu zomkhuhlane.

Ukulima kunye nokhathalelo

Imozulu efanelekileyo yokulinywa kweperon yile yezo zinemozulu entle kwaye zikufutshane nolwandle, ukusukela oko Sisityalo esibandayo esinobuzaza, ngamaqondo obushushu anokubulala angaphantsi kwe-12 ° C. Kuyimfuneko ukuyikhathalela kwimimoya enamandla. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba umhlaba ube nemisele elungileyo nangona iyakuxhathisa ukuqokeleleka kwamanzi kakuhle. Ukuhlwayela kwenziwa ngokusika, kusetyenziswa zona i-semi-woody eyi-10 ukuya kwi-20 cm ubude. Zityalwe ngokuthe ngqo emhlabeni kwaye ezinye ii-substrate zongezwa kuyo.

Kwiingingqi zeMeditera kukho imijikelo emibini yokukhula, enye ityalwe ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari ize ivunwe phakathi kukaMeyi noJuni ize eyesibini ityalwe phakathi kukaJulayi noSeptemba ize ivunwe ngoJanuwari. kufuneka ugcine ukufuma komhlaba ngaphandle kokugqitha.

Inqanaba lokumelana nezinambuzane liphezulu, Oko kukuthi, Unokuhlaselwa ziindidi ngeendidi zazo ngaphandle kokuchaphazela isivuno, ke oku kuyenza ukuba inganyangeki kakhulu. Ezinye zezitshabalalisi okanye izifo ezinokuyichaphazela zezi Isigcawu esibomvu, aphids, whiteflies kunye neetapile beetle. Zonke ziphathwa ngamayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi kunye namayeza okubulala izinambuzane ngononophelo kunye nempilo yesityalo.