Iimpawu kunye neentlobo zomhlaba

Kwiplanethi yethu kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto eziphilayo ezinempawu zangaphakathi ezixhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaba, imozulu, iimeko zokusingqongileyo zomzuzu ngamnye, njl. Uhlobo lomhlaba esiwubonayo kwicandelo ngalinye lehlabathi luxhomekeke kwizinto ezintlanu ezibumba umhlaba: Imozulu, umandlalo, isiqabu, ixesha kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kuwo.

Kule posi siza kubona iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba ezikhoyo kunye neempawu zomntu ngamnye. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ngeentlobo zomhlaba ezikhoyo?

Inkcazo yomhlaba kunye nezinto

Umhlaba uyinxalenye engaphezulu komhlaba kuqweqwe lomhlaba, olusebenza ngokwebhayoloji, oluvela ekonakaleni okanye ekutshintsheni komzimba kunye nemichiza ematyeni kunye nentsalela yemisebenzi yezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kuwo.

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, kwindawo nganye yomhlaba kukho uhlobo olwahlukileyo lomhlaba. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba iimeko ezenza umhlaba ziyatshintsha kwisithuba. Umzekelo, imozulu ayifani kuwo wonke umhlaba, kwaye akukho isiqabu, okanye izinto eziphilayo kuwo, njl. Ke ngoko, imihlaba itshintsha ulwakhiwo lwayo ngokucothayo kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe njengoko sihamba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zendalo.

Umhlaba wenziwe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo anjengamatye, isanti, udongwe, ihumus (ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo), iiminerali nezinye izinto ngokwemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo. Singahlela amacandelo omhlaba kwi:

• Ezingaqhelekanganjengentlabathi, udongwe, amanzi nomoya; Y
• I-Organic, ezinjengeentsalela zezityalo nezilwanyana.

IHumus kuko konke ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo ezenza umhlaba uchume. Ukusuka ekomiseni amagqabi ukuya kwizidumbu zezinambuzane, ziyinxalenye yomhlaba we-humus. Oku kufumaneka kumanqanaba aphezulu kwaye, kunye nezinye izimbiwa, kuguqula umbala omthubi-mnyama, unike inqanaba eliphezulu lokuchuma.

Iimpawu zomhlaba

Umhlaba wahlulwe ngokwezimo zawo, imichiza kunye nezinto zebhayoloji.

Impawu zomzimba

• Ubume Nguwo omisela umyinge apho kufunyanwa khona amasuntswana ezimbiwa ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo obukhoyo emhlabeni.
• Ulwakhiwo yindlela apho amasuntswana omhlaba ahlangana khona ukwenza izinto ezihlanganisiweyo.
• Ukuxinana ifuthe ekuhanjisweni kwezityalo. Imihlaba eshinyeneyo iyakwazi ukuxhasa izityalo ezininzi.
• Ubushushu ikwachaphazela ukwabiwa kotyani, ngakumbi kwindawo ephezulu.
• Umbala kuxhomekeke kumacandelo ayo kwaye kuyahluka ngokwenani lokufuma okukhoyo emhlabeni.

Iimpawu zemichiza

• Amandla otshintshiselwano: Kukukwazi komhlaba ukukwazi ukutshintshisa udongwe kunye nehumus, ukuhambisa izondlo kwizityalo ngokubanjwa kwamasuntswana ezimbiwa.
• UkuchumaLixabiso lezondlo ezikhoyo kwizityalo.
• pH: ubumuncu, ubundilele, okanye ubungqangi bomhlaba. Emva koko siza kubona indlela yokutshintsha amanqanaba e-pH emhlabeni.

Iimpawu zebhayoloji

Apha sifumana iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kuyo, zombini izilwanyana, ezinjengeentsholongwane, ukungundanjl. Izilwanyana zikwenza umsebenzi wazo emhlabeni, kuxhomekeke kukutya, imisebenzi yazo, ubungakanani bazo, njl.

Iindidi zomhlaba

Uhlobo lwelitye owaqala ngalo umhlaba, iimpawu zobume bendawo, imozulu, imozulu kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kuyo zizinto ezintlanu eziphambili ezimisela iintlobo zomhlaba.

Ngokusekwe kwezi zinto zakha umhlaba, sinezi ntlobo zomhlaba ezisasazwe kwihlabathi liphela:

Imihlaba enesanti

Imihlaba yesanti iyenziwa, njengoko igama lisitsho, ubukhulu becala isanti. Olu hlobo lolwakhiwo, olunikezwe nge-porosity ephezulu kunye nokudityaniswa okuphantsi, alugcini manzi, lenze inani lezinto eziphilayo ziphantsi. Ke ngoko, lo mhlaba uhlwempuzekile kwaye awulungelanga ukuhlwayelwa kuwo.

Umhlaba wekalika

Le mihlaba inezixa ezikhulu zetyuwa ezinenkathalo. Zihlala zimhlophe, zome kwaye zomile. Uhlobo lwelitye oluninzi kule mihlaba lilitye lekalika. Ukuba nzima kangaka akuvumeli ezolimo, kuba izityalo azinako ukufunxa izondlo kakuhle.

Umhlaba ofumileyo

Le mihlaba ikwabizwa ngokuba ngumhlaba omnyama kuba, ekubeni usisityebi kwizinto ezibolayo, uwenza mnyama umhlaba umnyama. Imnyama ngombala, igcina isixa esikhulu samanzi, kwaye ilunge kakhulu kwezolimo.

Umhlaba wodongwe

Ezi zinto zenziwe ikakhulu ngodongwe, iinkozo ezicolekileyo kwaye zimthubi ngombala. Olu hlobo lomhlaba luyawagcina amanzi ngokwenza amadama, kwaye ukuba uxutywe nehumus unokulungela ezolimo.

Imihlaba enamatye

Njengoko igama libonisa, zizele ngamatye kunye namatye abo bonke ubungakanani. Njengoko ingenayo i-porosity eyaneleyo okanye i-permeability, ayigcini amanzi kakuhle. Ke ngoko, ayifanelekanga kwezolimo.

Imihlaba exubileyo

Yimihlaba leyo eneempawu eziphakathi phakathi komhlaba oyisanti kunye nodongwe, oko kukuthi, kuzo zombini ezi ntlobo.

Ungayitshintsha njani i-pH yomhlaba

Kukho amaxesha apho umhlaba wethu uneasidi eninzi okanye ialkaline kwaye ungenakho ukuxhasa utyani kunye / okanye izityalo esifuna ukuzityala kakuhle.

Xa sifuna ukutshintsha i-pH yomhlaba we-alkaline ukuyenza ibe ne-asidi ngakumbi, sinokusebenzisa oku kulandelayo:

• Isalfure engumgubo: Iziphumo ziyacotha (iinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-8), kodwa ukungabizi kakhulu yeyona nto isetyenziswa rhoqo. Kufuneka sidibanise i-150 ukuya kwi-250g / m2 kwaye sidibanise nomhlaba, kwaye silinganise i-pH amaxesha ngamaxesha.
• Isalphate yentsimbi: Inefuthe elikhawulezayo kunesalfure, kodwa kuyadingeka ukulinganisa i-pH kuba sinokuyihlisa ngokungaphezulu kokuyimfuneko. Ithamo lokwehlisa i-pH 1 degree zii-4 gram zentsimbi enesulfed kwilitha nganye yamanzi.
• Ipeat emhlophe: ine-pH ene-asidi kakhulu (3.5). Kufuneka sibeke i-10.000-30.000kg / ha.

Kwelinye icala, ukuba sifuna ukutshintsha i-pH yomhlaba omuncu ukuyenza ibe ne-alkaline ngakumbi, kufuneka sisebenzise:

• Ilitye lekalika elingaphantsi: kufuneka siyisasaze siyidibanise nomhlaba.
• Amanzi anomdla: Kucetyiswa kakhulu ukuphakamisa i-pH kuphela kwiikona ezincinci.

Kuzo zombini ezi meko kufuneka silinganise i-pH, kuba ukuba sikhulisa izityalo ezineasidi (iimephu zaseJapan, iicamellias, njl. Njl. umzekelo.

Ukubaluleka komhlaba

Umhlaba ubaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela kwaye uyathotywa ngoxinzelelo oluqhubekayo olwenziwa ngabantu kuwo. Igcina izityalo, amasimi, amahlathi kunye sisiseko sayo yonke indalo yomhlaba.

Ukongeza, iyangenelela kumjikelo wamanzi kunye nomjikelo wezinto. Kwimihlaba kukho indawo enkulu yotshintsho lwamandla kunye nemiba kwindalo. Yindawo apho kukhula khona izityalo kwaye izilwanyana zihamba.

Ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini kubangela ukuba baphulukane nomhlaba kwaye umlilo oqhubekayo wamahlathi kunye nongcoliseko ziya zisonakalisa. Kuba ukuhlaziywa komhlaba kucotha kakhulu, Kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo njengobutyebi obungenakuhlaziywa kwaye iya isanda kunqaba.

Umntu akafumani kumhlaba kuphela kokutya kwakhe, kodwa kunye neentsinga, iinkuni kunye nezinye izinto eziluhlaza.

Okokugqibela bayakhonza, ngenxa yobuninzi botyani, ukuthambisa imozulu kunye nokuthanda ubukho bamanzi.

Kuyo yonke le nto nangezinye izizathu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufunda ukuxabisa umhlaba nokuwugcina.