La I-Phragmites australis sisityalo esiqheleke kakhulu emanzini kwimigxobhozo epholileyo kwaye yeyosapho IPoaceae kwaye igama layo livela kwisandi sesiGrike iphragma oko kuthetha ukuba yingcongolo ebhityileyo. Olu hlobo lubalaseleyo ikhula ngokuqinileyo, Enkosi ngenkqubo yeengcambu ezinamandla.
Inokufikelela kubungakanani phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-6 m ukuphakama, ngenxa yeziqu zayo ezomeleleyo ezinkulu, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaba kunye nokufuma okukhoyo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Nangona ikhetha ukufuma, iyayinyamezela imbalela yethutyana. Sisityalo esingenelelayo, esenza ukuba sigqibelele ukucoca izityalo.
Izixhobo
Olu hlobo lwezityalo esinokulufumana kwiindawo ezinobumanzi obuninzi ngesiqhelo luphawu olulungileyo lokuba umhlaba unezakhamzimba ezaneleyo I-punto sisityalo esidinga ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphakathi. Ukuba neemfuno zezondlo eziphezulu, yonke imihlaba apho unokufumana khona esi sityalo iya kubonisa ukuba zinomgangatho olungileyo.
Umzekelo, esi sityalo Isasazwa kwiPaki yeNgingqi esemaZantsi mpuma kwaye isasazwa ngokubanzi kwimilambo emine eyakha le nxalenye. Ukongeza, sinokuzifumana nakwiidike ezili-123 ezikwikhathalogu.
La I-Phragmites australis kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo inokukhula ngaphezulu kwe-4 yeemitha ukuphakama. Iziqu zayo zomelele, zime nkqo, ziluhlaza, ziyaqhubeka kwaye zinomngxunya kwaye amanye amagqabi abekwe kwelinye icala lesiqu, umbala oluhlaza ongwevu, omde, ucabalele kwaye umxinwa kwaye imiphetho erhabaxa kancinane.
I-inflorescence yesi sityalo yenzeka ngenyanga ka-Agasti. Iintyatyambo zayo zibonakala njengesihlangu esenziwe ngamabhanti amdaka ngebala.Ezi spikes zinamasebe amaninzi kwaye zineentyatyambo ezixineneyo. I-spikes okanye i-panicles inokulinganisa ukuya kuma-20 cm ububanzi emva kokudubula kwesityalo. I-spikelet nganye ineentyatyambo ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-12.
Ubungakanani beentyatyambo buyancipha ukusuka kwisiseko ukuya kumphezulu wespike. Ngamaxesha athile ayizizo zonke i-spikelets eziyimpumelelo, kuba ezinye zazo zincitshisiwe zaba glume kunye ne-floret, nto leyo ebangela ukuba inquma lingabonisi ukubonakala kweentsiba. Ngokunxulumene nembewu ezi zincinci kwaye zinokulinganisa i-1.5 mm ubude.
Sithetha ngohlobo lwesityalo esingapheliyo ivelisa ikakhulu malunga neerhizomes. Oku kuthetha ukuba ifuna indawo enkulu ukuze ikwazi ukuvelisa kwakhona kwaye isasaze kuyo yonke intsimi. Olunye lweempawu eziphambili esivelileyo esi sityalo kukuba, ngexesha lehlobo, linombala oluhlaza kwaye ngexesha lasebusika liguqula umbala obomvu-mdaka.
Ezi ntlobo zemibala zinokuxhomekeka ngokupheleleyo kumaqondo obushushu akwixesha ngalinye lonyaka. Kungenzeka ukuba sele sele sisekwindla kwaye abanalo umbala obomvu obomvu obonakalisa ngawo ngala maxesha amaqondo obushushu asezantsi.
Imvelaphi kunye nendawo yokuhlala
Esi sisityalo esinemvelaphi yaseYurophu esasazwa kwihlabathi liphela, sikhona kuwo onke amazwekazi amahlanu, ngakumbi kwimimandla eshushu. Ixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo ezinemigxobhozoIyabonakala nakwimigxobhozo evelayo neqhubekayo.
Ukusasazwa kwefayile ye- I-Phragmites australis
Iintlobo zivelisa imbewu nangama-stolon kunye neerhizomes. Ukuphindaphindwa kwengingqi kwenzeka ikakhulu ngokukhula kwezityalo kunye nenkqubo yokuvuselela, ukubumba ngokutsha kwabantu abatsha Iifragmites ufumana i ukusasaza imbewu, iirhizomes kunye nezithole.
Kumhlaba onemigxobhozo ongaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle, ukukhula kwayo kwenzeka ikakhulu ngenxa yeerhizomes zayo ezomeleleyo. Malunga nenkqubo yokudluliselwa kwepoleni, kunokuthiwa yeyona ixhaphakileyo, nangona kunjalo, kunokubakho imveliso yeembewu ngaphandle kwesichumiso.
Ukusetyenziswa kunye nomsebenzi we I-Phragmites australis
Ingcongolo sele isetyenziswe ixesha elide kwihlabathi lokuloba ibhasikidi. Iimpawu zayo bezisetyenziselwa ukwenza oomatrasi, imethi kunye neebhasikithi. Ngamanye amaxesha, ngenxa yokunqongophala kolunye uhlobo lwezixhobo, ibisetyenziswa njengabahlohli bezityalo ezingaphezulu kwethenda. Amagqabi kunye namahlumela athambileyo ayatyiwa kwaye asebenze njengedayi yazo zombini iimpahla eziluhlaza nezityheli.
Olunye usetyenziso ebelusetyenziswa ngokwesiko kukwakha. Kule ambit, Yayisetyenziselwa ukwenza uphahla ezindlwini nakwiishedi. Ukuba sisebenzisa i-rhizome yayo kwaye siyisebenzisa njenge-decoction de ibe ngumgubo, inokusebenza njenge-diuretic,
ukugxotha ubisi kunye nedaphoretic.
Malunga nomsebenzi owenziwa yingcongolo kwindalo, kubaluleke kakhulu. Kwaye kunjalo Ifezekisa umsebenzi obalulekileyo kuba iintaka ezininzi eziphila emanzini zihlala kwaye zenza izidleke zazo. Kuba ezi zityalo zifumaneka kwiindawo ezine
ukufuma kunye neendawo zamanzi ezinobungakanani obahlukeneyo kunye neempawu, iintaka zisebenzisa ukuxinana kwazo ukwenza izidleke zazo.
Ke ngoko, i I-Phragmites australis Isiye saba sisityalo esinomdla kuzo zombini izinto zokuhombisa kunye nokusingqongileyo. Kwelinye icala, sinamandla ayo okuhombisa kuba ithathwa njengesinye sezityalo zasemanzini ezisetyenziselwa ukuhombisa
amachibi ahlukeneyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo ungazifumana ezi zityalo kumachibi okwenziwa kwezinye iipaki zedolophu nakwindawo eziyingqongileyo.
Kwelinye icala, sithetha ngesityalo esinemisebenzi emihle yendalo esingqongileyo Isetyenziselwa ukubuyisela indawo
Kufumile. Sisityalo esinezinto ezahlukeneyo kwaye kuba sinokusetyenziswa kunxweme nakwindawo eziphila ngaphakathi ukuze bafumane kwakhona kunye nokuzinziswa kwendalo kunye neentyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana.
Ukumkhathalela I-Phragmites australis
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, esi sityalo asisebenzi kuphela kwicandelo lokubuyiselwa kwendalo esingqongileyo kodwa Ingasetyenziselwa ukuhombisa kwizitiya nakwiipaki. Ukuba sifuna ukuba nayo egadini yethu okanye siyityale entsimini yethu kufuneka sazi izinto eziyimfuneko eziyimfuneko.
Into yokuqala yile indawo. Kucacile ukuba sisityalo esikhula kwindalo esingqongileyo engasemlanjeni efuna indawo yangaphandle kwilanga elipheleleyo. Kungenzeka ukuba inokukhula nakwi-semi-shadow, nangona kungeyona nto iboniswe kakhulu. Ufuna inani elikhulu leeyure ze
ilanga ngosuku.
Ngokuphathelele umgangathoSele sichazile ukuba ifuna ubonelelo olukhulu lwezondlo. Nangona kunjalo, le ayisiyongxaki okoko inokuba nemithombo elungileyo kwaye ihlala ifumile. I-drainage ivumela ukuba ingapheli ukuqokelela amanzi amaninzi okunkcenkceshela
kwaye kugciniwe ukufuma okwaneleyo ukuze isityalo sikhule kakuhle. Ukugcina oku kufuma okufunwa sisityalo, kuya kufuneka sisinkcenkceshele rhoqo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba unkcenkceshele yonke imihla kwaye kungabikho nengca ecaleni kwayo
zisebenzise amanzi aqhubekayo.
Akudingi kuchunyiswa nangayiphi na indlela ngaphandle kokuba umhlaba uhlwempuzeke kakhulu.
Elona xesha lilungileyo lonyaka lokuyihlwayela kusentwasahlobo. Kungenxa yokuba ayikwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu asezantsi kakhulu kwaye iqabaka eqhubekayo ingathintela ukukhula kwayo. Kakhulu esi sityalo sinokumelana nama - 7 degrees obushushu
ixesha elifutshane kakhulu. Oko kukuthi, inokumelana neqabaka ngamanye amaxesha.
Impembelelo kwezoqoqosho
La Iifragmites Australis Njengokuba sisityalo esingena gingci, sinokuchaphazela iindawo ezinkulu zezityalo, ngakumbi ezo zifunyanwa kufutshane neenkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi okanye imijelo yokunkcenkceshela, ezi ziziza ezifanelekileyo ukuba isityalo siqalise ukuhlasela ngokulula. Kukho iindaba ezivela kwihlabathi liphela ngezityalo ezininzi ezichaphazele isityalo.
Kuyo yonke iYurophu ithathwa njengenye yezona zinto zibangela ukubonakala kweengxaki ezahlukeneyo, njengokukhula kokhula kwimisele yamanzi kunye neenkqubo zamanzi, yimeko eqhelekileyo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yehlabathi. Kumazwe afana ne-Egypt, yinto ebalulekileyo yeentyatyambo kwimisele, apho iphinde yahlasela indawo ezinetyuwa kumhlaba onkcenkceshelwayo.
Ingxaki ephambili yolu hlobo lokhula lwasemanzini kukuvaleka kokuhamba kwamanzi, okubangela iingxaki ezinxulumene nokusebenza kweenkqubo, ezinjengomjelo wamanzi, unikezelo lwamanzi okunkcenkceshela kunye nokufikelela ekulobeni.
Ulwazi lufikile luvela eKazakhstan lubonisa oko esi sityalo sidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwezinkumbi ezininzi. Ezi ndidi zinokusebenza njengoluhlobo lweqonga lokugcina inani lezifo ezibaluleke kakhulu kwintsholongwane, kubandakanya nentsholongwane yombona, isifo sebhali kunye nesifo seswekile.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zolawulo
Ulawulo lothintelo
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze ulawulo ukunqanda ukusasazeka okugabadeleyo kwe Iifragmites AustralisEzinye zisekwe ekutshiseni, ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki, inkcubeko, ibhayoloji, ulawulo lomzimba, ukusika, ukuzika. Nazi ezinye zezona zibalulekileyo.
Ulawulo lwebhayoloji
Izifundo zenzululwazi zityhile ubukho beentlobo ezingaphezu kwezingamakhulu amabini zeeparasiti ezinxulumene nePhragmites, kubandakanya izinambuzane, iimites kunye nefungi. Kodwa ayisiyiyo yonke into ephela apho, Kukholelwa ukuba zininzi nezinye iintlobo zezityalo ezinxulumene nesityalo.
Olunye uphononongo lubonisa ukubanakho ukulawula uhlaselo lwesityalo, kusetyenziswa amadlelo eenkomo, ngokolu phando le ndlela inamandla okuphumelela okuphelisa ifuthe kubemi Iifragmites. Olu khetho lusekwe kwinto yokuba iinkomo zinokugcina ukutya okujolise kwizityalo ixesha elincinci, ngaphandle kokuchaphazela impilo yakho.
Nangona kuyinyani ukuba ukutya okuncinci kakhulu kunciphisa inani labemi beli sityalo, ngelishwa okufanayo akwenzeki ngenkqubo yesityalo. Nokuba amadlelo enziwa ngexesha elingalunganga, into enokwenzeka kukuba ubukho beziqu buyanda.
Ulawulo lomzimba
Xa ubhenela ekusebenziseni iindlela ezibonakalayo, kufuneka unonophelo okanye kungenjalo kungakhuthazwa ukubonakala kwesityalo esihlaselayo. Ukusetyenziswa kweyeza lokudibanisa kunye nokutsha okuthile kunokuba yeyona ndlela isebenzayo. Nje ukuba iyeza lokucoca ukhula licetyisiwe, ukutshiswa kufuneka kwenziwe kunyaka olandelayo ehlotyeni okanye ebusika.
Izityalo akufuneki zitshiswe ngaphambi kokuba zidubule, kuba oko kunokubangela ukukhula kwazo. Ezinye iingcali zinoluvo lokuba ukutshisa kunokukhuthaza kuphela ukukhula kunye nokomelezwa kwerhizome kwaye kwenze abantu abaseleyo bomelele ngakumbi. Ukutsha emva kokufakwa kwemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula kunciphisa isigxina se-biomass sesiqu esifileyo kunye namahlamvu, okuthi inokukhuthaza ukuntshula kwezityalo kwixesha elilandelayo lokukhula.
Ulawulo loomatshini
Xa usebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zamandla (izixhobo zokucheba ingca, izixhobo zokusika ibrashi, ukusika ngesandla). Ukombiwa kweentlenge nako kunokuba yindlela efanelekileyo yokulawula, kodwa ukuba kwenziwe, iingceba zihlale emhlabeni, ukubuyiswa kwabemi kunokwenzeka.
Emva kokufaka ulawulo loomatshini, Indawo kufuneka icocwe kakuhle kwaye konke ukungcola okuqokelelweyo kulahlwe ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwembewu. Xa kusetyenziswa umatshini kusetyenziswa indibanisela kunye neyeza lokutshabalalisa ukhula, le yokugqibela mayifakwe kuqala kwaye xa iiveki ezimbini zidlulile, kulandelwe ukusetyenziswa koomatshini.