Phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziphilayo ezikhoyo kwiplanethi yethu sifumana Meadow. Luhlobo lwendalo eyakhiwe zizityalo ezikhula kwindawo enesimo sezulu esomileyo nesilawulwa kakhulu zizityalo ezikweli qela lengca. Umhlaba okule ndawo uhlala ucwecwe okanye ungashukumi.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ngazo zonke iimpawu, ukubunjwa kunye neentyatyambo zedlelo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Yindalo yesityalo leyo Kuyinxalenye ye-biome ye-graminiform formations. Oku kuthetha ukuba uninzi lwezi ndawo zilawulwa zizityalo zeqela lengca. Zifumaneka kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni kwihlabathi liphela ecaleni kweendawo ezishushu zetropiki. Nangona bekwindawo ezifanayo, amathafa apholileyo okanye ingca zahluke kakhulu kwii-savanna zetropiki zombini ekwakhiweni kohlobo olukhoyo nakulawulo lobushushu.
Idlelo linesakhiwo esilula. Kwaye kukuba inoluhlu olunye kuphela lwemifuno enobude obuguqukayo. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba kwezinye iimeko kukho amahlahla amancinci anokwenza inqanaba libe likhulu. Le ecosystem inomhlaba ochumileyo onentabalala yezinto eziphilayo kumphezulu wesiphelo.. Ngenxa yobukho bezilwanyana ezinokutya okunezityalo, zinokonakala ukuba kongezwe ukuzingela, ezolimo kunye nokuzala kwabantu. Zizinto ezenza ifuthe elibi kwezi zinto ziphilayo.
Ukwakhiwa kwedlelo
Makhe sibone ukuba luyintoni na uhlobo lwedlelo, lwaphula onke amanyathelo alo ngenyathelo ngenyathelo:
- Ubume bezityalo: idlelo lulwakhiwo lwezityalo olunolwakhiwo olulula kakhulu kuba lwenziwe kuphela ngolungelelwaniso olunye lwe-herbaceous. I-stratum iyahluka ukusuka entshona kuye empuma kunye nobukho beendawo ezinengca ezinqabileyo, eziphakathi embindini kwaye ngaphezulwana empuma.
- Umhlaba: umhlaba obalaseleyo we-prairie ubunzulu ngokwaneleyo, malunga nemitha okanye nangaphezulu, kwaye utyebile kwihumus. Ikwacebile kwezinye izimbiwa ezibalulekile kuphuhliso lwezityalo ezifana ne potassium, i-phosphorus kunye nezinye ngaphandle kwezinto. Uninzi lwengca efa emoyeni ngexa lehlobo ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemvula. Njengoko iyindawo eyomileyo, iba yindawo efanelekileyo yokunyamalala kwezinto zasemoyeni ezinjengeentyatyambo zengca.
I-biomass ewela kwiindawo zomoya zengca ifakwe kwi-substrate ngesenzo semibungu yomhlaba kunye nezinye izilwanyana. Siyabulela oku, umaleko we-humus owenziwe uguqula idlelo libe yindawo echumileyo yendalo. Kunokuthiwa umda kuphuhliso lwemithi emikhulu okanye amatyholo yimozulu. Iimeko zomhlaba zilungile ukuxhasa imithi emide enamagqabi amakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, yimozulu ethintela ubukho kolu hlobo lwezityalo. Eminye imihlaba yengca inokukhula apha kwiingingqi ezinemihlaba enetyuwa kwaye ezinezinyithi ezinzima okanye imihlaba engekho nzulu.
Elinye icandelo lendawo ngumlilo oqhubekayo. Yonke imililo luphawu lwezi ndawo kuba zenzeka rhoqo kakhulu ngokwendalo okanye nge-anthropogenic. Ezo zinamaxesha ngamaxesha zinegalelo ekuhlaziyweni kwamadlelo kunye nombala omnyama we-A horizon emhlabeni. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba, ukusukela oko kwaphuhliswa kwezinto ezenziwa ngabantu kwezi ndawo ziphilayo, inani lemililo liye lenyuka ngabom.
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kule ndawo ityebileyo kukutya kwezilwanyana ezihlala apho. I-biomass enkulu ye-herbaceous eveliswe kwiindawo ezinengca iququzelela ukukhula kwabantu abaninzi bezityalo ezitya utyani. Uninzi lwazo lunokuba lukhulu njengenyathi, inyamakazi kunye nebhadi kunye nezinye ezincinci ezinjengezinja zethafa.
Iimpembelelo kwithafa
Siza kubona ukuba zeziphi iimpembelelo ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo ezinokuthi zenzeke edlelweni ngokwendalo nangokwenziwa ngumntu. Okokuqala kukukwazi ukuba abantu batshintshe ingca yendalo kunye nemisebenzi yabo amawaka eminyaka. Ulimo olunzulu kunye nemfuyo zizinto ezenziwa ngabantu ngubani omnye othoba isidima sendalo esenziwe ngamathafa engca. Ukwaziswa kweentlobo zezityalo ezingaqhelekanga, ezinjengamadlelo amaninzi, kunokuba nefuthe elibi ekushenxisweni kweentlobo zemveli.
Kwiimeko ezininzi sibona ukuba ungenelelo lomntu luyitshintshile le mida kunye nazo zonke iimpawu zendalo kwimida yendalo yethafa. Uninzi lwezi ngxaki lubangelwa kukungeniswa kweentlobo zezityalo okanye ezendalo ezinemveliso ngakumbi ezikhethiweyo. Zininzi iimpembelelo kwizityalo ezenza ukuba ngaphezulu kwama-55 eentlobo zengca zisemngciphekweni okanye zisengozini. Ukongeza, ezinye iindidi ezingama-728 zingabagqatswa abangena kudidi lwesoyikiso ngokunciphisa inani labo.
Sinefuthe elibanzi kwizilwanyana zasendle. Abantu bezilwanyana zichaphazele indlela ethile ngenxa yezenzo zabantu ezahlukeneyo njengokuzingela okungafanelekanga kunye nongcoliseko lweeagrochemicals. Ukuzingela kwakuhlala phantse ukuphela kwezilwanyana ezifana nenyathi kunye nenyathi yaseMelika. Ngokwelabo icala, izinja zasemaphandleni zichaphazele iingxaki zetyhefu.
Indawo emhlabeni
Olu hlobo lwendalo lubonakalisiwe kwiibhanti ezinkulu eziqhubekayo eMntla Melika nase-Eurasia. Kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi zisasazwa ngokungapheliyo, ngakumbi eMzantsi Melika, eMzantsi Afrika nase-Australasia.
Iintyatyambo ezibalaseleyo yingca yee-Arundinoideae kunye ne-Pooideae subfamilies, ngokungafaniyo neendawo ezishushu ze tropical apho iChloridoideae ne Panicoideae zininzi. Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-1.000 XNUMX zezityalo ezivela kwiintsapho ezahlukeneyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nedlelo kunye neempawu zalo.