Ukuqonda ngakumbi okusingqongileyo kunye nokuncipha kwemithombo yobutyebi bendalo esitshabalalisa ngayo iplanethi, sifuna ukusebenzisa kancinci kwezi zixhobo ukuvumela uMama weNdalo ukuba aphefumle kancinci. Ukuza kuthi ga kwiminyaka embalwa edluleyo, kwakukho inkxalabo enkulu ngokusetyenziswa kakubi kwephepha okwakutshabalalisa izigidi zemithi ehlabathini lonke. Siqhutywa ngumzamo wokuphepha oku, siye saziqhelanisa nefomathi yedijithali, sinciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwephepha, kodwa ngaba uyazi ukuba kutheni? uyazi yeyiphi imithi esetyenziselwa ukwenza iphepha? Siyakuxelela.
Kuba njengoko uyazi, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemithi kwaye ngamnye wabo ubonisa uluhlu lweempawu ezenza ukuba zibe ngaphezulu okanye zingaphantsi kokulungelelaniswa kwento enye okanye enye, kubandakanywa nephepha. Iphepha leencwadana zethu, ukwenza iincwadi, izipho zokusonga kunye neepasile, njl. Ayingawo onke amaphepha afanayo, ngendlela efanayo esinokuphinda sihlukanise phakathi kwephepha elitsha kunye nephepha elihlaziyiweyo.
Ukwenza iphepha udinga iinkuni ezinokutsaleka, oko kukuthi, iinkuni ezityebileyo kwi-cellulose, eyona nto isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwayo. Yena umthi wepayini, i igamusi, i ibirch, i larch, i fir kunye nespruce yeminye yale mithi.
Umthi wepayina wokwenza iphepha
Sibize imithi emininzi malunga iinkuni ezinokutsalwa ukwenza iphepha, kodwa kuzo zonke, ezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu umthi wepayini kunye igamusi. Ukuba sigxininise eSpeyin, imithi esetyenziselwa ukwenza iphepha ikhuliswe ngokukodwa loo njongo, ngoko asiyi kufumana iphepha elenziwe kwezinye iinkuni ezihloniphekileyo ezifana ne-oki, i-beech okanye i-oki ye-holm.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, kuye kwenziwa umsebenzi wokudala izicwangciso zozinzo ezivumela ukwenziwa nokusetyenziswa kwephepha elihambelanayo nokugcinwa kwe-ecosystem. Okwangoku sisebenzisa iphepha elincinci, oku kuyinyaniso, kuba sibulela kwihlabathi ledijithali, ngoku sifunda kwizikrini, sifumana unxibelelwano ngefomathi ye-elektroniki kwaye sibhala phantsi kakhulu kwiincwadana zethu zedijithali kunamaphepha. Kodwa le nto iyaqhubeka ukuba sisiseko kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, ngakumbi xa sicinga ukuba ithathe indawo yezinye izinto ebezingcolisa ngakumbi, njengeplastiki.
Kwimeko umthi wepayini sijongene ne-a umthi othambileyo, xa kuthelekiswa namanye amaplanga aqinileyo afana ne eucalyptus kunye ne birch. I-97% yephepha liphuma kwipayina kunye ne-eucalyptus. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imithi emincinci iyasetyenziswa, kuba i-fiber kulula ukuyicinezela, kuba i-fiber emfutshane.
Iphepha lomthi we-Eucalyptus
I-Eucalyptus inzima ngakumbi, nangona kunjalo, njengoko ingumthi ogqamile ngakumbi, ithanda ukucinezelwa kwaye oku kuyenza ibe liphepha elilungele ukuprinta. Enye inzuzo yokuba oku umthi we-eucalyptus wokwenza iphepha yiloo nto imicu yayo ikhaphukhaphu kwaye oku kukwaququzelela inkqubo yokufaka i-bleach emva koko kwephepha elinesiphumo.
Iphepha ngomthi we-birch
La umthi we-birch ulungile kwaye ulula, iimpawu ezintle ezenza ukuba zilungele ukwenza iphepha. Ukongezelela, ixolo linombala omhlophe kakhulu, enye inzuzo kwishishini lephepha.
I-Larch, i-fir kunye ne-spruce yokwenza iphepha
Ezinye iinkuni ezidla ngokusetyenziswa ekwenzeni iphepha zi larch, ityhubhu y ispruce.
I-Larch ngumthi onganyangekiyo kakhulu kunye nemithi ekukhanyeni okanye kwiitoni ezimhlophe. Kulula kakhulu ukusebenza kunye nombulelo kwisakhono sayo sokungena kwaye ibhetyebhetye kakhulu. Umthi wefir nawo ufanelekile ukukhupha i-cellulose, njengespruce.
Lenziwa njani iphepha kusetyenziswa ipulpwood
Sele sizazi izinto ezisisiseko, oko kukuthi, elo phepha lenziwa kusetyenziswa i-cellulose kumthi oxutywayo. Ngoku, yeyiphi inkqubo yokwenza eli phepha esiya kuthi kamva silisebenzise kusetyenziso oluninzi? Yinto efana nale.
Inyathelo 1. Ugawule umthi
Siyazi ukuba le nxalenye inzima ukuba siyidibanise kwaye, mhlawumbi, njengomlandeli weblogi yethu yokulima, ukugawula imithi kuya kukulimaza, kodwa kunjalo, ukuba ube nephepha elifunekayo ukugawula imithi, kwaye kungekhona nje iphepha. , kodwa kwabanye abaninzi.ukusetyenziswa, njengokuchwela, ukuhombisa kunye nokunye okuninzi.
Inyathelo lesi-2. Susa ixolo kwisiqu somthi
Umthi sele ugawuliwe, kanye uhlobo lomthi esifuna ukukhupha kuwo umthi ukwenza iphepha, njengoko sesibonile, linokuba ziindidi ezahlukeneyo zemithi, yomibini imithi ethambileyo efana nepine kunye nemithi eqinile efana ne-eucalyptus. . , kodwa zonke zikhuliselwe ngokukodwa ukwenziwa.
Xa sele sigawulwe umthi okanye imithi, inyathelo elilandelayo ekwenzeni iphepha liya kuba kukukhupha ixolo emthini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amanzi ongezwa ukuthambisa le crust kwaye kube lula ukukhupha.
Inyathelo 3. Gcoba kwaye ufumise ixolo
Ixolo elikhutshwe emthini lityunyuziwe kwaye liphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu lweqondo lokushisa (ukuya kwi-140º), ukwenzela ukuba utshintsho kunye nokuguqulwa kwezinto eziluhlaza zenzeke, eziba yi-cellulose ngoluhlu lweenguqu zeekhemikhali. Iphepha lenziwe ngalo mathiriyeli isiphumo.
Ukwenza iphepha yinkqubo enzima kwaye iyabiza, kungekuphela nje ngokwemiqathango yomthi, ekwanjalo, ekubeni ukuvelisa itoni yephepha kuyimfuneko yokutyala imali malunga ne-12 ukuya kwi-24 cubic metres zokhuni, kodwa kwakhona amandla ukuze iinkuni iguqulwa ibe yi-cellulose kwaye ibe liphepha. Ngaphezu koko, ukuze ufumane olo xabiso lomthi kufuneka ugawule ubuncinane imithi emikhulu engama-20, emalunga neemitha ezili-15 ukuphakama.
Ngaphezu koko, ukwenza i-bleach yomthi kunye nokwenza iphepha libe mhlophe, iklorini kunye neekhemikhali ezingcolise kakhulu zisetyenziswa. Ngaba ngoku uyasiqonda isizathu sokuba kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukusebenzisa kwethu iphepha? Ezi zezo imithi esetyenziselwa ukwenza iphepha kunye nenkqubo emayilandelwe ukuveliswa kwayo. Unquma indlela osebenzisa ngayo iphepha kwaye, ukuba unoxanduva, ukususela ngoku ukuya phambili, uya kuzama ukuba ungachithi iphepha elininzi ngokungeyomfuneko.
