Yintoni inkqubo ye-aquaponics?

Kwezolimo, kuye kwenziwa iinzame ezininzi zokuphucula iimeko zokulima ukuze kuphuculwe umhlaba osetyenzisiweyo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo. Enye yezona nkqubo ziguqukayo kakhulu yi-aquaponics. Abantu abaninzi abazi ukuba yintoni na aquaponics okanye indlela yokufumana okuninzi kuyo.

Ngoko ke, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ukuba yintoni i-aquaponics, iimpawu zayo, iingenelo kunye nokungonakali.

Yintoni i-aquaponics

I-Aquaponics yinkqubo yemveliso yokutya edibanisa ukulinywa kwezilwanyana zasemanzini (i-aquaculture) kunye nokulinywa kwezityalo emanzini (i-hydroponics) ngokuqhubeka nokujikeleza kwamanzi kwiinkqubo ezingaphantsi ezimbini.

ngale teknoloji indawo, amanzi namandla ayagcinwa, kwaye inkunkuma esuka kwinkqubo ukuya kokusingqongileyo iyancitshiswa okanye ipheliswe ngenxa yokuba yonke into isetyenziswa. Imveliso yezityalo neentlanzi ezisempilweni, ezidlamkileyo nezinencasa ngakumbi ziyafikelelwa ngelixa kuhlonitshwa indalo esingqongileyo.

Iinkqubo ze-Aquaponic zingayilwa nakweyiphi na isikali, zombini ukusetyenziswa kwabucala kunye nezoshishino. Ukongeza, ngale ndlela intsha yokuvelisa, kuluncedo ukudala amathuba emisebenzi, ukukhuthaza ukuzithengela kunye nokusasazwa kweemveliso ezintsha nezisempilweni ekuhlaleni.

Umgaqo we-aquaponics isekelwe kwinto yokuba inkunkuma eveliswa zizidalwa zasemanzini (ngokuqhelekileyo intlanzi okanye i-crustaceans) iguqulwa yisenzo sebhaktheriya kwizondlo eziyimfuneko ekukhuleni kwezityalo.

Iibhaktheriya ezibalulekileyo ze-Nitrosomonas kunye ne-Nitrobacter zibandakanyeka kule nkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-nitrification. Ngombulelo kwi-nitrosomonas, i-ammonium kwi-excrement yentlanzi kunye nokutya iguqulwa ibe yi-nitrite, eguqulwa ibe yi-nitrate nge-nitrobacter. Ezi nitrate zithathwa ngokuthe ngqo kwizityalo kwaye zisebenze njenge-biofilters kwinkqubo, ukuhlambulula amanzi abuyiselwe kumachibi eentlanzi.

Isebenza njani i-aquaponics

Inkqubo isebenza ngolu hlobo: Iintlanzi zivelisa umgquba, okanye umgquba, emhlabeni emva kokuba zikhuphe inkunkuma enezondlo ekutyeni kwazo. Ngamanye amazwi, abantu bondla iintlanzi ukuze bondle abantu kamva.

Ngaloo ndlela, "i-fertilizer" yendalo ekhutshwe yintlanzi iphonswa phezulu, apho ixutywe zizityalo. Kwangaxeshanye, iingcambu zicoca amanzi ngokususa ezi zondlo, ezibuyela kwindawo ebezikuyo iintlanzi. Oku kuphelisa imfuneko yokwazisa amanzi acocekileyo rhoqo ngeveki.

Inkqubo yonga ukuya kuthi ga kwi-90% yamanzi xa kuthelekiswa nokulinywa kwesiqhelo kwaye iyisuse ngokupheleleyo inkunkuma enokuthi iveliswe njengoko iyinkqubo evaliweyo. Iinkqubo zolu hlobo sele zisetyenziswe namhlanje zombini kwimveliso yasekhaya kunye nemveliso kwinqanaba lezoshishino. Inkqubo ye-aquaponics yasekhaya inokufakwa kwindawo yasezidolophini, kwindawo ekhululekile yendlu, kwi-balcony, ifumana ubuncinane iiyure ezi-5 zelanga ngosuku. Iinkqubo ezinkulu ze-aquaponic zorhwebo nazo kulula ukuzilawula, njengoko abalimi benolawulo oluncinci kwimveliso yezityalo kunye nentlanzi. Imifuno, efana ne-lettuce, ingavunwa emva komjikelo omfutshane weeveki ezine ukuya kwezintandathu.

Imbali ethile

Umkhwa wokusebenzisa ilindle lentlanzi ukuchumisa izityalo sele ukho kangangamawaka eminyaka, i-Asiya noMzantsi Melika ibe zezona mpucuko zokuqala ukusebenzisa le ndlela.

Malunga neminyaka engama-900 eyadlulayo, ama-Aztec aseMexico ayelima kumathambeka aseLake Texcoco ukuthatha ithuba lamanzi kunye nezinto eziphilayo eziveliswa ngokubola kwenkunkuma yeentlanzi kunye ne-microalgae emazantsi echibi.

Ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970, uphando lwezenzululwazi lwaqala ukuvela kuMntla Melika naseYurophu lubonisa ukuba i-metabolites eveliswa ziintlanzi inokususwa emanzini kwaye isetyenziswe ekukhuliseni imifuno.

Ngexesha leminyaka elandelayo, ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kwavumela ukuphuculwa kwiindawo zophando ezifana nokuchongwa kwe-lindle, ukuhluzwa kwenkunkuma yebhayoloji, kunye neemeko ezifanelekileyo zokudala iinkqubo ezivaliweyo.

Malunga ne-2001, kwiYunivesithi yaseVirgin Islands, uGqr James Rakocy waphuhlisa inkqubo yokuqala yorhwebo aquaponics, ibeka iziseko zokusebenza kwayo. Ngokuvela kwedatha ethile ye-aquaponics, imveliso yorhwebo yaqala ukuvela, kunye nenani elikhulu leenkampani.

Namhlanje, iinkqubo zorhwebo ziyaqhubeka ukuqhubela phambili ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle, kwaye amazwe aphezulu asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunjalo aquka i-United States, iKhanada, i-Australia kunye neMexico.

Ukubaluleka kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-aquaponics

Le miba iya ibaluleka ngakumbi njengoko ubonelelo lwamanzi acocekileyo luncipha kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye imfuno yokutya ikhula. Kulo mxholo, I-aquaponic symbiosis ibaluleke kakhulu, ekubeni iyinxalenye yendlela yokuveliswa kokutya okunokuphuhliswa kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo nangenabutyebi bamanzi alinganiselweyo.

Iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemodeli ze-aquaponics zivumela izicelo kwintengiso, ikhaya okanye isikali sokuzisebenzisa. Enye ifom esetyenziswa kwi-aquaponic symbiosis yi leyo iphuhliselwe iinjongo zokuhombisa, ibandakanya iintlanzi kunye nezityalo zasemanzini, enokuvelisa ingeniso eninzi ukuba ilawulwa ngokurhweba.

Kwelinye icala, imisebenzi emincinci yenza kube lula ukufundisa ulawulo lwemveliso oluzinzileyo, ukukhwela ibhayisekile yesondlo, kunye nezinye izihloko zobugcisa ezibalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwabafundi kwizikolo zaseprayimari, ezizisekondari, nezolimo.

Inzuzo kunye nexabiso

Inzuzo

• iinkqubo zasemanzini Ziyindlela esebenzayo yokunciphisa nokusebenzisa inkunkuma edla ngokulahlwa kokusingqongileyo.
• Amaxabiso otshintshiselwano ngamanzi anokwehliswa, ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kwiindawo ezibharhileyo apho amanzi ayindleko enkulu.
• Ukuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ezifana ne-pesticides kunye nezichumisi ngokuvelisa imifuno enokuthi ithathwe njenge "organic".
• Ukunciphisa imveliso yokutya kulo mmandla, ngaloo ndlela kunyuswa imithombo yabasebenzi, imithombo yamanzi, ukutya okulinganayo kweentlanzi kunye nezondlo zezityalo.
• I-Aquaponics inokuvelisa izityalo ezilingana okanye ezingcono kuneenkqubo ze-hydroponic, ngelixa isivuno sentlanzi siphezulu kwaye sinempilo kune-aquaculture.
• Inokuphunyezwa kwinqanaba elincinci okanye elikhulu.
• Kukulungele ukondla iintlanzi.
• Ukusebenzisa izinto ezilula, izinto zokwakha ezifana nezikhongozeli zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, nto leyo engabizi kakhulu.
• Ilungele umhlaba onemfundo ephantsi yezolimo.
• Ayiwonakalisi umhlaba, kwaye ayiwenzi amanzi, ngoko inobubele kwindalo esingqongileyo.
• Fumana imijelo emibini yengeniso kwizityalo ezikhulayo nakwiintlanzi, ezinokongeza kuqoqosho lwengingqi ukuba ziyathengiswa.
• Intsapho yonke inokuba nenxaxheba ekwakhiweni nasekugcinweni kwayo.

Ukungalungi kweAquaponics

• Ulwazi olusisiseko lwefiziyoloji yezityalo luyafuneka (imifuno) kunye nezilwanyana (intlanzi), kubandakanywa imilinganiselo yomgangatho wamanzi, ekubeni yinkqubo edibeneyo yezityalo ezimbini.
• Inkqubo ixhomekeke kumbane ukuqhuba iimpompo kunye nezihlungi, ukubeka inkqubo yonke emngciphekweni xa kwenzeka umbane, kunye nokufaka iindleko zamandla ombane.
• Kukho iintlobo ezimbalwa kakhulu zeentlanzi ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwiinkqubo ze-aquaponic.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni i-aquaponics kunye neempawu zayo.