Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, iBoletus, okanye iBoletaceae, iye yaba luhlobo olunqwenelekayo xa kufika ukwindla. Kangangokuba kukho iimafia zokwenyani ezizulazula ehlathini zikhangela amakhowa axabiseke ngolo hlobo zize ziwathengise ngaphandle kokulawulwa. Abantu basoloko besithi akukho kubhideka kunokwenzeka, kwaye nangona kulula ukukubona, kufuneka sithathe amanyathelo okhuseleko. Isizathu soku kukuba kukho boletus enetyhefu enokwenzakalisa impilo yethu nokuba ityiwe ikrwada okanye iphekiwe.
Ngesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela yonke into okufuneka uyazi malunga neBoletus enetyhefu kunye nendlela yokuchonga.
Iimpawu eziphambili
I-Boletus liqela lefungi ezenza usapho kunye nohlobo lwe-Boletus. Ngaloo ndlela sinokuba nee-boletes amagama azo ezenzululwazi akufuneki aqale ngegama elithi Boletus. Eminye imizekelo iChalciporus, Leccinum (oku kwenze uhlengahlengiso kwezinye iigenera), iGyrosporus, Xerocomus, njl… Ngoko xa kuthiwa iBoletus yiboletus, yinyaniso, kodwa i-boletus ayikho nje iBoletus. Kolu lwahlulo luncinci singena kwi-genus Boletus. Ulwahlulo lwamakhowa luqhutyelwa ngokuyinhloko nge-morphology yabo, kwaye ngokuchanekileyo, i-submembranous layer ibonakala kuqala xa kumiselwa uhlobo okanye ulandelelwano.
Kwimeko yeBoletus, yahluke kakhulu kuba ine-spongy morphology endaweni ye-classic lamellar morphology. Oku kwenza ukuba ukuchongwa kohlobo kube lula, kodwa akufuneki sibhideke.
boletus enetyhefu
UBoletus USathana
Inetyhefu, ngoko lumka. Ngethamsanqa, ayibhidaniswa lula nezi-3 zokuqala (edulis, aereus, nepinophilus), njengoko le inekepusi emdaka emhlophe, unyawo olubomvu phakathi, umphezulu omthubi, kwaye unuka kakubi kakhulu. Inyama iya kuba bluish kancinci xa isikiwe. (Ingcebiso yethu) Ukuba ubona nayiphi na i-pink kwimilenze ye-boletus, yilahle. Ukutya okukhulu akubomvu okanye okupinki, ngoko akukho sizathu sokuthatha umngcipheko.
UBoletus rhodoxanthus
Omnye umzekelo weBoletus enetyhefu, exhaphakileyo eSpeyin. Oku kulula ukuchonga ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Eyokuqala kukuba inonyawo olutyheli olugqunywe ngereticule ebomvu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba yahluke kakhulu. Okwesibini, xa besebancinci, imingxuma emthubi, nto leyo inokusibhida, kodwa njengoko zikhula, ziba bomvu-orenji, yaye xa zikhulile, ziba bomvu ngokumangalisayo. Eyona nto ibonakalayo kukuba inyama ekwi-cap xa isikwe ngobude ijika ibe bluish.
Enye kurhanelwa ukuba inetyhefu ngenxa yokunqaba kwayo. Imalunga ne IBoletus luteocupreus, kunye neenyawo zayo zifana kakhulu noB. rhodoxanthus (ophuzi kunye nobomvu), ngoko ke ukuba singena kuyo, ingaba yinye, okanye ilungile, ngoko akukho mbuzo malunga nayo. Isiphakamiso sethu kukwazi kakuhle zonke iimpawu ze-morphological zeentlobo ze-3 zokuqala (B. edulis, B. aereus kunye ne-B. pinophilus) kunye nezo zinetyhefu, ukwenzela ukuba kucace kakhulu ukuba siqokelela i-boletus enhle.
IiBoletus ezityiwayo
Nje ukuba siyazi eyona Boletus inetyhefu, sinokwazi ezinye ezityiwayo nezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwigastronomy.
UBoletus aereus
Enye yezona zidumileyo kwaye zixatyiswa kunye boletus edulis. Kwezi zintathu zokutya, sinokubhideka kuba zinokufana kakhulu, kodwa akukho ngxaki kuba zontathu zigqalwa njengokutya okugqwesileyo. Umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kwezi zintathu ngumbala womnqwazi.
UBoletus edulis
Kule meko, i-cap imnyama emnyama, phantse emnyama, mhlawumbi eyona nto ibalulekileyo umahluko phakathi kwe-B. edulis kunye ne-B. pinophilus. Iphawulwe ngepulp emhlophe, isiciko esincangathi ukuba imo engqongileyo ifumile kunye nombala okhanyayo omdaka othande ukuba yi-ocher. (ngokungafaniyo no-B. aereus). Imingxuma inwebu yesiqhamo idla ngokuba lubisi ukuya kumthubi, kwaye nokuba luhlaza xa sele ivuthiwe, njengaku B. aereus.
UBoletus pinophilus
Umnqwazi wayo umdaka ngakumbi kwaye unombala obomvu, uphawu olwahlulayo ukusuka kwizinto ezimbini zokuqala. Incasa iyahluka, kodwa ilungile kakhulu kwaye iyaxatyiswa. Oku kuqhelekile kwezona ndawo zisentshona kwi-peninsula, njenge-Extremadura kunye namazantsi-ntshona eCastilla León.
Umbala wezi pores zintathu iqala emhlophe okanye cream xa bancinci, batyheli njengoko bekhula kwaye babe luhlaza njengoko bekhula. Zonke ezo boletus ezingenalo olo luhlu lwemibala (ebomvu, epinki, ephuzi kakhulu, njl.njl.) kunye ne-pores (i-membrane yeziqhamo) ziphakathi kwe-boletus ethandwa kakhulu okanye engenakudliwa, ngoko inokudibaniswa nombala womnqwazi.
Indlela yokwahlula amakhowa anetyhefu
Njengoko sibonile ngaphambili, i-Boletus satan iyona yingozi kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokufana nezinye i-boletus ezidliwayo ezifana ne-boletus ebomvu, Inyaniso yeyokuba sinokuyahlula ngokulula ehlathini ukuba silandela ezi zikhokelo zokuchongwa. Ubungakanani bobu bungundo bunika kude. Sithetha ngenye ye-boletus enkulu, ekwazi ukufikelela kwi-30 cm okanye ngaphezulu. Kungumbono omangalisayo ukubona umnqwazi wolu hlobo. Kodwa kufuneka sijonge umbala. Umnqwazi wakhe umhlophe kwaye uluthuthu. Uphawu olungwevu olukhanyayo olufana nekofu ecacisiweyo enobisi, enencasa kunye nemiphetho eshinyeneyo. I-cuticle i-velvety matte. Akuqhelekanga ukufumana iisampulu ezinobunzima obumalunga ne-2 kg. I-Boletus pores ine-tint etyheli ephela kubomvu orenji kwaye ijika kancinci ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Iinyawo ze-boletus ziyi-pot-bellied, nazo zikhulu, zombala obomvu oqhelekileyo, ofana negazi, kunye neempawu ezibomvu. Inyama inombala otyheli, umbala okhrimu kwaye ujika uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka xa usikiwe. Okufanayo kuya kwi-spores kunye neetyhubhu zokuvavanya. Inuka kakubi kakhulu, ngakumbi xa iguga.
Ukuba siyazibuza ukuba singayifumana phi le nto yokungunda, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba yifungus ekhethekileyo yomhlaba wekalika. Asiyi kuyifumana kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaba. Ikhetha ilanga eligcweleyo kunye nezithuba zehlathi elomileyo kwaye inxulumane ngokuyintloko neentlobo zemithi evuthulukayo. Phakathi kwabo, i-oki, i-chestnut kunye ne-cork oak iya kuba yintandokazi yakho. Nangona ingelulo uhlobo olunokutyiwa, ukufumana umnqwazi olungileyo kaSathana engceni ngumsebenzi onzima.
Ngokuphathelele xa iphuma, sinokucingela ukuba kuya kuba yintoni ukhetho lwakhe, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba luhlobo lwe-thermophilic. Sithetha ngeefungi ezinyamalalayo nje ukuba kubanda, ngoko kuya kufuneka uzikhangele ehlotyeni nasekuqaleni kwekwindla.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neBoletus enetyhefu kunye nendlela yokuchonga.