La Erwinia amylovora yibhaktiriya ebangela esinye sezifo esosulelayo esiqatha kwaye iyingozi echaphazela zonke iintlobo zezityalo, izihlahla kunye nemithi, ngakumbi izityalo ezizezosapho lweRosaceae. Okwangoku kukho ubuncinci beentlobo ezili-150 ezisasazwe kwizigaba ezingama-37 ezichaphazeleka sesi sibetho, nangona kufanele ukuba kuthiwe le ntsholongwane ayichaphazeli abantu okanye izilwanyana.
Izixhobo
Umngcipheko wokusasazeka komlilo uhlala ugqitywa zizinto ezinjengezinambuzane, iintaka, umoya kunye namanzi asasaza ngokulula intsholongwane kwaye, kwelinye icala, abantu ngokusebenzisa izixhobo, iimpahla, izandla, njl. Phantsi kweemeko ezintle, ukukhula okubonakalayo kwebhaktheriya kunokwenzekaUmzekelo, ukufuma okuphezulu okunokubangela ukufa kwezithole ngexesha elifutshane.
Ixesha lokuhluma lelona nqaku libaluleke kakhulu kwizityalo ukuba zosuleleke kwaye isifo sisasazeke. Kwelinye icala, iinyosi ezidlala indima ekhokelayo kwinkqubo yokuvumisa, ngelishwa banegalelo ngokuhambisa iintsholongwane kwiintyatyambo, engena ngokulula ngencindi.
Kwangokunjalo, esi sinambuzane singena kwizicubu zezityalo, ukuze ii-lenticel, i-stomata, i-nectar yeentyatyambo okanye amanxeba ziindawo zokungena kusulelo.
Iimpawu
Iimpawu zinokuvela kwizikhondo, amagqabi, iintyatyambo, iziqhamo kunye namasebe esityalo, kuwo wonke umjikelo wesityalo. Ngexesha lokudubula, iintyatyambo ezosulelekileyo ziba mnyama zome. Ngokwesiqhelo zonke iintyatyambo ziyachaphazeleka, kodwa ukufa kwentyatyambo nganye kunokwenzeka. Amagqabi agulayo ajika abe mdaka, abune, omile kwaye afumane umbala obomvu-mdaka ngokungathi utshisiwe. Ngenxa yoko igama lesi sifo, umlilo okanye umlilo..
Iziqhamo zinokuhlaselwa nakweliphi na inqanaba lokwakheka kwazo kunye nokukhula kwazo, zihlala zithomalalisa ukomisa mnyama, zide zibole. Kwiintlobo esele ziphinde zalungiswa kwaye nje ukuba usuleleko lwamahlumela lwenzekile, usulelo luyacwangciseka kwaye luyasibulala isityalo.
Amalungu asulelekileyo nawomileyo athanda ukuhlala encamathele kwisityalo ixesha elide; ngelixa amahlumela abunileyo egotyiwe ngohlobo lwehhuku. Esiqwini nasemasebeni usulelo luvelisa izilonda ngomtya ongaqhelekanga ngethoni emnyama. Ukufa kwezityalo kwenzeka xa intsholongwane ifikelela kuzo zonke izicwili zomthi wesiqu kunye namasebe.
Kwizicubu ezosulelekileyo kwimeko yemvula okanye efumileyo, i-exudate emhlophe inokujongwa, ngamanye amaxesha inokubonakala kokuqaqamba, okwenziwe ziiseli zebacteria ezinokuthi zisasaze njengoko bekutshiwo ekuqaleni. Kunokuxelwa ukuba esi sifo sikhula rhoqo kumasebe aphezulu kwaye isasazeka iye kweyona incinci ikwimeko entle yokusasazeka kwayo, ngakumbi ngexesha elisusela ngoMeyi ukuya kuSeptemba.
Uthintelo nolawulo
La Erwinia amylovora iye yasula imimandla emikhulu phantsi kokulinywa kweepere kunye nama-apile kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Ukulawula kunye nokulwa nokulwa nomlilo kukuthintelaKungenxa yoko ezinye iingcebiso zibalulekile:
- Ukusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli kwimeko yezempilo, eyenziwe kwiindawo ezingenabacteria.
- Mamela imeko yezityalo, ngakumbi ukuqaphela ukuba zikhona iimpawu zomlilo;
- Susa amagatsha agulayo, amagqabi kunye neziqhamo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba usike i-70 cm ngezantsi kwendawo eyosulelekileyo kwaye ususe izityalo ezisulelekileyo kwizifo.
- Zibulale iintsholongwane kwizixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukususa iindawo ezosuleleke yintsholongwane. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziselwe ukubulala iintsholongwane kwizixhobo, I-1% ye-sodium hypochlorite okanye i-7% yotywala.
- Kwimeko yobukho bentsholongwane obukrokrelwayo, xela kwabasemagunyeni bezempilo.
- Ezinye izindululo zezi ungadluli ekusebenziseni izichumisi ze nitrogen, kuthintele ukunkcenkceshela okugqithileyo kunye nokuthena okuluhlaza, lumka kwaye uphelise iintyatyambo ezingeyomfuneko.
Unyango lwangaphambi kweentyatyambo luluncedo ukunciphisa umngcipheko webhakteria kunye nokuthintela usulelo; Ngelixa unyango ngexesha lomsebenzi wezityalo lunokusebenza okuncinci kokuthintela kwaye nangaphantsi, ukuba usulelo sele lwenzekile.