Ezolimo ziyahluka ngokwezoqoqosho lwelizwe. Sifumanisa ukuba kumazwe angaphuhlanga kukho impikiswano phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezolimo ezichaseneyo neziphikisanayo. Kwelinye icala, sinayo ezolimo zemveli kwelinye icala i ezolimo. Ezolimo zesintu zezinye ezibonelela ngoqoqosho oluncinci, olusebenzayo lokuphila kwabo bonke abalimi kwaye zibonelela ngemarike yendawo kangangoko. Nangona kunjalo, ezolimo ezityalwayo zezona ziqhubela phambili injongo yokukwazi ukubonelela ngazo zonke iimarike zamazwe atyebileyo kwaye koku isebenzisa inkqubela phambili yezobuchwephesha eyaziwa kwinguqulelo eluhlaza.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela ngazo zonke iimpawu zolimo lwezolimo kunye nokubaluleka kwalo kula mazwe.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ezolimo zokutyala zaziwa njengendawo yokubamba ezolimo ebekwe kwingingqi yetropiki okanye yetropiki kwaye kuqeshwe abasebenzi abarhola ikakhulu abo kunokwenzeka ukuba uthengise kwaye uhlakulele inkcubeko enye. Xa indawo yezolimo ine-monoculture, inentlobo enye kuphela eveliswa ngesixa esikhulu. Ezi zityalo zihlala ziyimveliso yetropiki. Le yindlela esiyifumana ngayo inkampani enepropathi enkulu kwaye ixhaphaza ngokuthe ngqo le ndlela yokulima.
Ukuphucula imveliso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko, isebenzisa abasebenzi abahlawulwayo kwaye baqeshe bonke Itekhnoloji kunye nesayensi kuthetha ukuba uguquko oluhlaza lubeka ezandleni zakho. Igama lohlaziyo oluhlaza luvela kwezi mveliso ekubonelelwe ngazo ngezibonelelo zetekhnoloji ngenxa yohlaziyo lweshishini. Ngale ndlela, ngokuziswa kwezi zinto zintsha zobuchwephesha, kwabakho ukonyusa imveliso yelizwe kwaye kwakunokwenzeka ukondla abantu abaya besanda. Eyona njongo iphambili yotshintsho oluluhlaza kukuphelisa indlala emhlabeni ngokufezekisa ukuba zonke izityalo bezininzi kakhulu ngaphandle kwemozulu kwindawo nganye.
Konke oku kusetyenziswa kolwazi lwenzululwazi kunye nezobugcisa kwezolimo kwaziwa ngokuba luhlaziyo oluhlaza. Ukulima kwezolimo kunceda kakhulu kwizinto ezininzi ezifunyenwe luhlaziyo oluhlaza. Phakathi kwezi zibonelelo sifumana Ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo zembewu ezinesivuno esikhulu ngawo onke amagalelo ayimfuneko ukuze ukwazi ukwandisa iziphumo zakho. Ngale ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukonyusa imveliso ngexabiso eliphantsi.
Izinto zenguqu eluhlaza
Kule nguqulelo eluhlaza baye baziswa imbewu entsha enganyangekiyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu. Zithanda ukuba rustic ngakumbi, kwaye ziyamelana nembalela kunye namaxesha ezikhukhula. Ukuze le mbewu ikhule kakuhle, izakhiwo zokunkcenkceshela, izichumisi ezizodwa, ezinye izitshabalalisi kunye noomatshini ziyafuneka ukuphucula iziphumo. Konke oku kuphunyezwa kuguqula ukutyalwa kwezolimo kube luhlobo lwenkqubo yemizi-mveliso.
Ezona zivuno zixhaphakileyo ezifumaneka kulimo lokutyala zezi: ummoba, ibhanana, ikofu, icocoa, ikhokhonathi, ihevea, amandongomane, icuba, i-citrus, ioyile yesundu, i-cinchona, iti kunye nomqhaphu, phakathi kwezinye. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba Olu hlobo lwezolimo luzinikele ngokupheleleyo kwisityalo esinye. Ukuzinikezela kwisityalo esinye kuthatha umngcipheko kuqoqosho olusekwe kolu hlobo lwezolimo. Kwaye kungenxa yokuba iimeko zokusingqongileyo zimbi zichaphazela umhlaba wonke.
Umngcipheko uya ubonakala ngakumbi ukuba inkcubeko enye isasazeke kuninzi lwamasimi elizweni. Ngakumbi xa uqoqosho lwelo lizwe luxhomekeke kule mveliso. Ngokwesiqhelo, amazwe angaphucukanga kunye nokutyalwa kwezolimo kumazwe angaphandle phantse yonke imveliso yawo. Ukusebenza kwalo msebenzi woqoqosho Kuxhomekeke kumaxabiso amazwe aphesheya ngaloo mveliso. Eli xabiso liza kuxhomekeka kwimfuno yokuba amazwe atyebileyo kwaye abanye abavelisi abatshiphu abonakale. Ngamanye amagama, ulimo lwezityalo nalo lukhuphisana kakhulu.
Itekhnoloji kunye nefuthe lezolimo lwezityalo
Amasimi amakhulu olu hlobo lwezolimo afumaneka kumazwe ahluphekayo. Oku Ayisiyiyo kuphela into yokuba iimveliso ezibonelelwa zezi ntlobo zamasimi zikweleenjiko. Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokutyala ezolimo kwenzeka kule mimandla kungenxa yokuba umhlaba wakhona unexabiso eliphantsi. Ixabiso eliphantsi kangangokuba xa ukuchuma kwalo kuphelile kungabizi kakhulu ukucoca ihlathi elitsha kunokubuyisa umhlaba.
Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba oovimba bezolimo behla benyuka wonke ummandla, beshiya ngasemva umhlaba ongenamveliso kunye nokuqhekeka kwendalo. Konke oku kuyahambelana nokwandiswa kweempembelelo ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo kwindalo ezilikhaya kwiintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezifuna ulondolozo lwazo. Kuba umhlaba unexabiso eliphantsi kunenzuzo enkulu ukugawula amahlathi ukwenza umhlaba omtsha wezolimo, indawo zokuhlala zendalo zithotyiwe, kunye nezixhobo zazo. Kula mazwe, amahlathi zizenzululwazi ekusafuneka ziphuhlisiwe.
Ukusukela nge60s, isixa esikhulu semali eyinkunzi sityalwe kwizityalo ezinkulu ezingaphumi kumazwe atyebileyo, Endaweni yoko, ngamasimi omthonyama. Ngaphandle koku, oku ayisiyoncedo lukhulu abalunyanzelayo kula mazwe kuba ingabo bajongana nobunzima bemveliso. Kusezandleni zamazwe atyebileyo ukubonelela ngexabiso elongezelelekileyo kwezi mveliso nakwezothutho kunye nentengiso.
Kumazwe anolu hlobo lokutyala, kuveliswa iindidi ezimbini zentlalo. Kwelinye icala sinabanini bamasimi, amafama atyebileyo kunye nabasebenzi abangenamhlaba abasebenzela umvuzo. Phakathi kwezi klasi kukho uqoqosho oluthi incediswa licebo elincinci apho alima khona i-polyculture yokuphila. Eli cebo ngokwesiqhelo alilungelanga ezolimo zemveli, kodwa lolimo oluncedisayo apho kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezimbalwa zetekhnoloji.
Isishwankathelo, ukutyala ezolimo yinkqubo elungileyo yokubonelela ngokutya okungabizi mali uninzi lwabemi. Nangona kunjalo, ayijoliswanga ukwanelisa iimfuno zamazwe akhulele kuwo. Injongo kukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamazwe atyebileyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nokulima izityalo.