Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngomthi ophile ixesha elide ovela kumahlathi amdaka akumantla eYurophu naseAsia. Yi alder okanye alno. Igama lezenzululwazi ngu UAlnus glutinosa kwaye yeyosapho lwaseBetulaceae apho kukho ngaphezulu kwe-30 yemithi kunye neentlobo ze-shrub. Indawo yokuhanjiswa ikakhulu kweyona ndawo ibanda yenyakatho ye-hemisphere.
Lo mthi uyakwazi ukuhlala iminyaka eyi-120 kunye nokulinganisa i-30 yeemitha ukuphakama. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi zonke iimfihlo zayo, ukukhathalela kunye neempawu ezenza ukuba ikhetheke? Funda ukuze ufumane yonke into.
Descripción
Lo mthi uphile ixesha elide ungaphila ngaphezu kweminyaka eli-120. Ngaphandle kokulinganisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30 yeemitha ukuphakama, zihlala ziqondile kwaye zicocekile imithi. Isithsaba saso siyipiramidi ngokwendlela kwaye amasebe anciphile. Nangona inokukhula ibe ngumthi omkhulu, ihlala igawulwa ibe ziinkuni.
Ngumthi olula ukuwuqonda nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka. Izihloko ezinawo zinempawu ezithile ezimnyama kunye ne-ovoid strobili. Xa ifunyenwe kumhlaba ongekho nzulu kakhulu, kuyabonakala ukuba ayinangcambu isezantsi, kodwa inezinye iingcambu ezizama ukwanda kwaye zigubungele ubuninzi bomhlaba kwaye ngaloo ndlela zibambe izondlo eziyimfuneko kuphuhliso lwazo.
Ngokumalunga namagqabi awo, alula kwaye atshintshe. Singayifumana ngobukhulu obuqala kwi-6 cm ubude kunye ne-5 cm ububanzi. Nangona ingumthi onqabileyo, amagqabi awo anokuhlala emthini ebusika ukuba akukho moya mkhulu okanye imvula ebenza bawe ngokupheleleyo. Ngentwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, inamagqabi anombala oluhlaza kumacala omabini, nangona ikhaphukhaphu ngaphantsi.
Umbala ophawu lwe UAlnus glutinosa umbala obomvu krwe. Iintyatyambo ngenyanga ka-Agasti noSeptemba kwaye ikhula isasaza imbewu ngeenyanga zika-Matshi nango-Epreli. Amaxolo agudileyo ngombala oluhlaza ohlaza kwaye, njengoko ikhula kwaye ikhula, iba noburhabaxa obuqhekekileyo kunye nombala omdaka okanye omnyama ngwevu.
Iimfuno ezindala
sezulu
El ialder luhlobo lwearboreal olumelana nengqele. Ndiyabulela kobu buchule bokuziqhelanisa nemo eyahlukeneyo, ikwazile ukusinda ngokugqibeleleyo ukuya kumaqondo obushushu e -17 degrees. Xa amaqondo obushushu eqala ukunyuka ngentwasahlobo, kodwa kusekho iqabaka ebusuku, kulapho ke kuye kuthi kratya. Kungenxa yokuba iya iqhela kwaye "iyaziphumza" kumaqondo obushushu amnandi ngakumbi emva kokubanda kobusika kwaye amagqabi aqala ukukhula. Kuxa iqabaka lichaphazeleka kakhulu.
Kwakhona iyakwazi ukunyamezela imozulu enomswakama okanye eyomileyo, Logama nje umhlaba unomswakama owaneleyo ukuze ukwazi ukuhlala uhlaziyekile kwaye wondleke ngalo lonke ixesha. Iyamelana nembalela ukuya kuthi ga apho. Ingaphila kwimvula yonyaka ukusuka ku-400mm ukuya ku-2000mm. Ukuba kunetha ngaphezulu kunokubakho ukufuma okugqithileyo kwaye kunokubangela amanzi.
Uluhlu lobushushu olululo UAlnus glutinosa unokuhlala kwiimeko ezilungileyo uphakathi kwe-8 kunye ne-14 degrees. La maqondo obushushu aqheleke kwiindawo ezikumantla eYurophu.
Umgangatho
Ngokubhekisele emhlabeni, Ayilohlobo olufuna kakhulu uhlobo lomhlaba apho lufunyanwa khona. Iyakwazi ukukhula ngokugqibeleleyo kuzo zombini i-granite kunye nelitye lekalika. Iimpawu ze-mineralogical kwezi azinamsebenzi kakhulu. Izinto ezichongiweyo kolu hlobo lomhlaba lixabiso lezinto eziphilayo ezikhoyo. Bafuna igalelo lezinto eziphilayo ukuze bakwazi ukuzondla ngcono kwaye bafikelele kwiindawo eziphakamileyo abanokufikelela kuzo.
Ezona ndawo sihlala sifumana kuzo ialder yile mihlaba ifumileyo kwaye ikufutshane nonxweme lwemilambo kunye namachibi. Singazifumana siphantsi kweentlambo apho ukufuma okungaphezulu kunye nezinto eziphilayo ziqokelelana ngenxa yokurhuqwa kwethambeka. Kwiindawo ezinemigxobhozo nakwezinye iigogo zinokubonwa ngenxa yomswakama ophezulu. Luhlobo olungenelelayo olunokuthi lukhule kwaye lukhule kweminye imingxunya yokuhambisa amanzi, lisebenzise amagophe omhlaba ukuze likhule kwiindawo apho ukufuma kunye nezinto eziphilayo ziqokelelana khona.
Luhlobo oluhle lomthi kwimihlaba apho zifumaneka khona ukusukela oko inegalelo kuphuculo lomthamo womhlaba ukuphucula umgangatho kunye nomxholo wenitrogen. Oku kungenxa yobudlelwane be-symbiotic phakathi kwebhaktheriya efumaneka kwiingcambu zabo kwaye ngenxa yomxholo we-nitrogen ophezulu kumagqabi abo abolile. Umhlaba owaneleyo we-nitrogen uyakubanakho ukondla izityalo, imithi kunye namatyholo ahlala kuwo.
Ukuphakama, ukunyamezelana kunye neempawu zokuziphatha
Singayifumana ifayile ye- UAlnus glutinosa kubude obuziimitha ezili-1300 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle. Okwangoku kukho ezona meko zibalaseleyo zokuba zikhule kakuhle. Ukunyamezela ngokufanelekileyo ukukhanya. Iyakwazi ukuphila kwilanga eliphakathi kunye nomthunzi ngamanye amaxesha.
Ngokubhekisele kwisifo se-syciosis esele sikhankanyiwe ngasentla, umsebenzi webhaktiriya kwiingcambu zawo ubalulekile ukuze, kumhlaba apho zifunyanwa khona, zikwazi ukulungisa initrogen ngakumbi kwaye zonyuse umgangatho womhlaba ezifumaneka kuwo.
Ukunyamekela UAlnus glutinosa
Ukuhoya lo myezo egadini yethu, into yokuqala kukuhlala kwindawo esondeleyo kufutshane nale siyichaze ngasentla ukuze ikhule phantsi kweemeko ezilungileyo. Bafuna ukukhanya elangeni okanye emthunzini oshushu kunye namaqondo obushushu ashushu. Ngokubhekisele kumhlaba, okanye ngaphezulu kokufanelekileyo, ubumanzi ukuze ukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yawo
Ayisosityalo sinzima kakhulu kunye nomhlaba ezifumaneka kuwo kwaye ungawuphucula umgangatho ngokuba nenqanaba eliphezulu lokulungiswa kwe nitrogen. Imingcipheko kufuneka ibe mininzi ukuze umhlaba uhlale ugcina ukufuma kwawo kodwa ungakhukumi. Ayifuni kuthenwa okanye isichumiso esikhethekileyo.
Ungabaphindaphinda ngokusika okunemithi ezenziwa xa kungasekho iqabaka kakuhle entwasahlobo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi uya kufunda ngakumbi ngalo mthi wexesha elide.