Ngaphandle kwento onokucinga ngayo, enye yezona zinto ziphilayo zikhulu emhlabeni yikhowa. Namhlanje siza kuthetha nge i-gallic armillaria. Luhlobo lwefungus olulinganisa malunga neehektare ezingama-70, ngokuba sesinye sezona zinto ziphilayo zikhulu emhlabeni. Isampulu ekhoyo eMichigan inobunzima beekhilo ezingama-400.000 kwaye ineminyaka engama-2.500 XNUMX ubudala.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, indawo yokuhlala kunye nomdla we I-armillary yeGallic.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Umfanekiso - Flickr / Patrick Schifferli
Umnqwazi kunye neefoyile
Le mushroom inomnqwazi ohamba usuka ubungakanani ukusuka kwiisentimitha ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-8 ububanzi. Xa isampuli isencinci ine-globose kwaye imbonakalo ye-convex. Njengoko ikhula kwaye ifikelela ekukhuleni, umnqwazi ucwangcisiwe. Esi sisalathiso seminyaka yefungi. Umnqwazi unomda olungileyo kwaye ugobile xa umncinci. Xa sele umdala siyabona ukuba imiphetho icaba ngakumbi kwaye igobile.
I-cuticle yayo yomile ngenkangeleko kunye nombala we-matte. Igqunywe ngamanqwanqwa anemibala efudumeleyo. Le cuticle iyaqina kumbindi womnqwazi kwaye ine-ocher-brown ngombala. Ikwajika kwakhona embindini umbala mnyama.
Iibhloko zayo zininzi kwaye ziqinile phakathi kwazo. Yintoni uphawu kukuba azilingani ngobukhulu. Umbala wayo ususela kokumhlophe ukuya kokhrim kwaye unamabala xa sele efikelele kwinqanaba lokudala.
I-pie nenyama
Ngokuphathelele unyawo, yomelele kwaye ine-cylindrical shape. Inebhalbhu emazantsi kunye nemibala ebomvu nebomvu. Le mibala iba mnyama njengoko sifika kwisiseko. Ineentyatyambo eziluhlaza eziluhlaza kwibhalbhu. Yenye yeefungi enesangqa kwelona nqanaba liphezulu lonyawo kwaye inombala wekotoni. Le ndandatho inombala omhlophe nangona ngaphandle ibonakala imthubi ngakumbi. Xa ifikelela ekuvuthweni iqala ukuncipha kunye nekhekhe.
Okokugqibela, inyama yayo inombala onzima kunye nombala omhlophe.
Indawo yokuhlala i-gallic armillaria
Ixesha lokukhula kwale fungus lisekwindla. Singayifumana isenza amaqela amancinci athoba iinkuni kuloo mithi igqumayo. Amaxesha amaninzi afumaneka emhlabeni kodwa ngamanye amaxesha sibafumana kwiziphunzi naseziqwini zale mithi igqumayo. Lawa makhowa asemhlabeni kwaye ayayanyaniswa neengcambu zezityalo ezingaphantsi komphezulu.
Indawo yokuhambisa ye i-gallic armillaria iyanda isuka eMntla Melika, eYurophu naseAsia. Kukwazile ukufumana intengiso yasentshona yephondo loMzantsi Afrika. Kucingelwa ukuba ingeniswe kule ndawo ivela kwezinye izityalo ezineembiza ezazingeniswe zisuka eYurophu ngexesha lokuqala kololonji lweKapa. Eli mushroom alifumaneki kumazwe aseScandinavia kuba avela kwiindawo ezibandayo kakhulu ezinje ngeFinland okanye iNorway.
Enye yezinto ezibangela umdla ngeli khowa kukuba iyatyiwa kuphela xa isencinci. Kuyimfuneko ukubapheka kuqala ngamanzi kwaye ulahle la manzi athe aphekwa ngawo ukunqanda ubukrakra bencasa yawo. Akukhuthazwa ukuba uyisebenzise eluhlaza njengoko kunokubangela ukuphazamiseka kokugaya. Ukugqibezela ukupheka kuyacetyiswa kuba incasa ekrakra inamandla ngakumbi xa ikrwada okanye ingaphekwanga. Kukwacetyiswa ukuba kutyiwe kuphela isahlulo esincinci kwasekuqaleni kuba abanye abantu banokufumana isisu esibuhlungu. Ngale ndlela, sivavanya ukuba lingakanani ikhowa esinokuthi silingane nalo ngaphandle kweziphumo ezibi.
Ngokwesiqhelo, bonke abo bangcamle lo mzekelo bayichaza njengencasa ebabayo kunye nevumba elimnandi ngokungathi likhumbuza itshizi yeCamembert.
Ukudideka okuphambili kwe- i-gallic armillaria
Kwaye le mushroom inokudideka nezinye iintlobo ezifanayo. Enye yazo yi Amathole e-Armillaria. Inenkangeleko efanayo kwaye inokuchaneka ngokuthembekileyo ngokujonga ezinye zeempawu ezincinci. Inokwaziwa ukuba Amathole e-Armillaria inolwabiwo olusenyakatho ngakumbi. Ayifane ifumaneke eMntla Merika.
Enye yeendiduko ze i-gallic armillaria yiyo I-Armillaria mellea. Umahluko ophambili kukuba lo mzekelo unesiqu esithunyelwe ngakumbi kwaye unokwahlulwa ngendlela ecaciswe ngakumbi kukungabikho kwee-pincers kwisiseko se-basidia. Mhlawumbi esona siphithiphithi kuba benembonakalo efanayo yile IArmillaria cepistipes. Umahluko ophambili ubangelwa kukusasazwa kwejografi kunye neempawu ezincinci. Ke ngoko i-gallic armillaria Ayisiyo mzekelo wokuqokelelwa ngabantu abafuna ukuzonwabisa. Ulwazi oluninzi luyafuneka malunga nezi fungi ukuze zingangeni nakuphi na ukudideka okunokusenza siqokelele iisampulu eziyityhefu.
Curiosities
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980, kwafunyanwa isampulu enkulu yale fungus kumhlaba ongaphantsi wehlathi laseMichigan. Umhlaba opheleleyo wale ndawo iphilayo kunye nokutshintsha kwayo ibingaziwa kwaphela ngelo xesha. Emva kwexesha wafunda le fungus inkulu yangaphantsi komhlaba kwaye baqikelela ukuba ubunzima obukhulu bemicu eyenza fungus babuneminyaka eli-1.500 ubudala. Ayibalulekanga nje kuphela le nto, kodwa yafika nayo inobunzima obumalunga ne-100.000 yeekhilogram kwaye isasazeke ngaphezulu kwe-15 yeehektare.
Emva kwezifundo ezitsha kunye nobunzulu beli qhekeza liyaziwa ukuba linobunzima obuziikhilogram ezingama-400.000 kwaye lingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-2.500 70 ubudala. Ulwandiso lonyukile kule minyaka kwaye bahlala ngaphezulu kweehektare ezingama-XNUMX. Izifundo zenziwe ngezixhobo zale mihla kunye nesampulu kunye nohlalutyo lwe-genome. Oku kwenza ukuba i-gallic armillaria ithathwa njengenye yezona zidalwa zikhulu nezindala emhlabeni. Kwaye yiyo eyenza inethiwekhi Ngaphantsi komhlaba i-mycorrhiza inzima ngaphezu kwemikhomo emi-3 eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye. Le mycorrhizae yimibutho phakathi komngundo kunye neengcambu zezityalo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga I-armillary yeGallic.