Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo lwefungus olunezinto zombini ezilungileyo kuba zinokutyiwa ngononophelo kodwa zibe neziphumo ezibi kuba zibangela isifo emithini esihlaselayo. Imalunga ne- I-Armillaria mellea. Lo mngundo ukhula emazantsi weziqu zeentlobo ezithile zemithi kwaye ubosulele ngesifo.
Kule nqaku siza kukubonisa iimpawu, iingxaki ezibangelwa kunye nokuqina IArmillaria mellea.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Siza kuchaza iindawo zomngundo ukuze sazi iimpawu zayo kunye nendlela yokuchonga ngeliso lenyama. Ukuba sibona umnqwazi wakhe, siyabona ukuba ufikelela malunga ne-15 cm kubukhazikhazi obuphezulu. Unokuba yi-convex, icwecwe, okanye i-wavy imilo. Ngokwesiqhelo, ungazi ukuba indala kangakanani le fungus, kuba xa sele iphuhlisiwe kwaye ubudala bayo buqala, ungabona umnqwazi we-mamelon. Umbala uyafana nobusi, nangona unethoni etyheli. Igqunywe ngamaxolo amancinci amdaka adla ngokunyamalala ngenxa yemvula.
Amacwecwe anayo angangxamanga. Ziyakhanya ngombala xa i-mushroom isencinci. Njengoko bekhula kwaye bekhula, bazaliswa ngamachokoza atyheli athi kamva ajike abe mdaka okanye bomvu ebudaleni babo.
Ngokumalunga nonyawo, ihlala inde, ijikekile kwaye imile okokuluka. Umbala wayo yi-ocher etyheli kwaye iba mdaka ngokuhamba kwexesha. Sinokubona umsesane obanzi kwaye unembonakalo embala omthubi elunyaweni.
Inyama yayo iqinile kumnqwazi kwaye imhlophe. Nangona kunjalo, xa sisondela elunyaweni, sibona indlela inyama etshintsha ngayo ubume bayo kunye noburhabaxa bube yinto yomthi kunye nefayibha. Incasa yale makhowa ithambile kwiimodeli ezincinci. Ayityiwa xa sele umdala, kuba ihlala inencasa ekrakra nengathandekiyo ngevumba elomeleleyo.
Ngama-mushroom anokufunyanwa ngoSeptemba ukuya ekuqaleni kobusika. Ngeli xesha kuxa ziphuhla kunye nemvula yokuqala yasekwindla. Ingxaki kuxa ikhula kancinci kwezinye iziphunzi zomthi. Banokubonakala ngokwamaqela abantu abaninzi.
Iyatyiwa?
Akukho siko lokupheka likwenza utye I-Armillaria mellea. Kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu kukho. Kuyinyani ukuba iminqwazi yemizekelo emincinci Ewe, banokungcamlwa ukuba ngaphambili babebilisiwe.. Ukuba luhlobo lwesidudu, oko kubangela umonakalo ongenakulungiseka emithini. Oku kubangela ukuba iintlobo zigqibe ukusebenza njenge-saprophyte.
Ngumakhowa odideka ngokulula nawo Armillaria ostoyae, Unombala omdaka ngakumbi kunye neringi emhlophe. Ukuze ukwazi ukuwatya la makhowa, kufuneka ibe ngumntu ongekho kwisigaba sabantu abadala kwaye ebekade ebilisiwe. Ezi meko zenza unyango, ukuthuthwa, ukugcinwa, njl. Yiba yinto enzima ngakumbi. Njengoko ingekho kwimfuno ephezulu kwicandelo lokupheka, kukho iindawo apho zikhula kakhulu. Le yingxaki kwimithi oyikhubazayo njengoko siza kubona ngezantsi.
Isifo I-Armillaria mellea
Le fungus ivelisa emithini eyonakalisa into eyaziwa ngokuba kukubola okumhlophe. Yingcambu ye-mycosis eyenza ukubola okumhlophe kuyo yonke inkqubo yeengcambu zemithi. Ikwahlasela kwakhona intamo yengcambu yeentlobo ezininzi zemithi ezifana ne-oki, i-beech, i-birch, i-pines, i-holm oki kunye ne-poplar. Ezi fungi zibalasele kumhlaba onobumba obunobumba kunye nokuqina ngakumbi. Ngokuba nomhlaba odibeneyo, i-drainage imbi kakhulu. Ngesi sizathu, amadama ayenzeka ngokulula aqokelela ukufuma kwaye aminyanise iingcambu.
Ukusasazeka kwesi sifo kuyanda xa usasazo lwezi fungi lusenziwa nge palisade. Ukuba yimizekelo yemithi esondeleleneyo, kulula ukuba bosulelwe. Kumazwe apho ubona ukuba bayachaphazeleka, kungcono ukuba ungalimi iintlobo ezifana nezo sizibize ngegama okungenani iminyaka eli-10. Ngaphandle koko, baya kosulelwa msinyane nje ukuba babe badala kancinane.
Siza kuchaza umonakalo kunye neempawu esizifumana kwiintlobo ezichaphazelekayo. Iimpawu esizibonayo kwiingcambu zibonakala ngokulula. Ekuqaleni, uyabona ukuba ivela kumbala omdaka kunye nobumnyama. Xa ukule meko sele kunokwenzeka ukuba ubhaqwe ngeliso lenyama ukuba wosulelekile. Njengoko izifunxi-gazi zikhula ecaleni kwengcambu, izicwili zokuqala zihlaselwa yibharki zize zonakale, ziguquke zibe luhlobo lobunzima obunefibre. Obu bunzima bunokuqatshelwa ngombala ovela kumdaka ukuya kumnyama, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo.
Ukuba usulelo lufikelela kwiingcambu ezikufutshane nentamo, inokuqhubela phambili inyukele emazantsi esiqu. Kulapho ke xa i-lesion ibonakala khona ezinyaweni ezifanayo kwaye iyakuzibonakalisa ngohlobo lwe-exudation yencindi okanye intshungama. Le yindlela ochonga ngayo umthi osulelwe kukubola okubangelwa I-Armillaria mellea.
Kwimihlaba yesityalo, ukungunda kuvelisa iimpawu ezingafani kwaphela nokubola komngundo. Kungenxa yokuba inkqubo yeengcambu iphazamisekile kuqala.
Ulawulo lwe I-Armillaria mellea
Sithethile malunga neempawu kunye nendlela yokuqonda esi sifo. Ngoku lixesha lokuba uqhubeke nendlela esi sifo esilawulwa ngayo ukuze singachaphazeli imithi. Uninzi lweendlela ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ezisebenzayo kuthintelo. Nje ukuba isikhunta simile kwiingcambu zesityalo, kunzima kakhulu ukusigcina. Ukuba eminye imithi izakutyalwa kumhlaba ongcolileyo, zonke iziphunzi neengcambu ebesele zikho emhlabeni kufuneka zisuswe kwaye zitshatyalaliswe. Kuya kufuneka inkcenkceshelwe nge-SO4FE ngesisombululo se-10% kwezo ndawo apho iingcambu zingenakukhutshwa khona. Emva koko, umhlaba kufuneka ulinywe kwaye uqhekeke kakuhle kwaye ubethwe ngumoya.
Nanini na xa kunokwenzeka, kuyacetyiswa ukufakela umhlaba kwisiza ebesinezityalo eziyimifuno iminyaka eliqela. Kulapho ke ukungunda kungakhange kuhlasele.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nefungus IArmillaria mellea.