Namhlanje siza kuthetha kancinci malunga isityalo esithile, ixesha elininzi lihamba lingaqapheleki ngenxa yobuncinci bayo, kodwa isabaluleke kakhulu kwabanye abantu nakwigadi.
Namhlanje sinika ithuba I-Medicago lupulin, ethi Sisityalo esikwaziyo ukulawula ukukhula kwezinye iintlobo, ngakumbi ezo zithathwa njengokhula. Ke ngaphandle kokuqhubeka, masiqale.
Idatha ngokubanzi I-Medicago lupulin
I-lupulin emnyama, okanye i-medicago lupulin, yiyo ingca eqhelekileyo ebanzi kwaye uguqe phantsi kwe-US nakumazantsi eKhanada. Umdabu waseYurophu kunye nomda wobushushu baseAsia. Lilungu lohlobo losapho lwemidumba (UFabaceae) kunye inamanye amagama aqhelekileyo afana ne-clover etyheli, i-clover emnyama, kunye neehops ezingamayeza.
Esi sityalo sihlala sikhona ihlala ifumaneka kwiindawo eziphazamisekileyo okanye ingca, ngokunjalo nasemasimini nasemadlelweni. Ngexesha lasehlotyeni, I-broadleaf yonyaka ikhula iguqe phantsi kwaye inamagqabi amathathu ane-spur embindini wegqabi.
Ihlala ifumaneka njengokhula kwi iindawo ezomileyo nezinelanga engceni nakwiindawo ezingenamntu, ezinjengeendlela noololiwe, kodwa inokuba yingxaki kwizitiya nasemasimini ukuba akulawulwa kakuhle.
Njengamanye amalungu osapho lwemidumba, amayeza amnyama anobudlelwane be-symbiotic kunye neebhaktiriya I-Rhizobium. Le ntsholongwane ibangela ukwenziwa kwamaqhuqhuva kwiingcambu kunye nokulungisa i-nitrogen yomoya. Enye yale nitrogen isetyenziswa sisityalo esikhulayo, kodwa inokusetyenziswa zezinye izityalo ezikhula kufutshane.
Izixhobo
Flores
Own iintyatyambo ezimthubi ezikumdyarho osisangqa osisiqu kwaye ivela kumagqabi. Oku kuyakuvelisa imbewu emnyama xa sele ikhulile. Intloko nganye yentyatyambo ezimile njengebhaluni kwaye siqulathe isihloko esinoxinano esine-15-50 cm yeentyatyambo ezincinci ezityheli.
Esi sityalo siba ndlongondlongo senza izixa ezomeleleyo zembewu emveni kokudubula. Iintyatyambo ezincinci ezityheli ziveliswa kwii-axils zamagqabi. I-inflorescence nganye liqela elihlangeneyo. Iintyatyambo ziyafumaneka kulo lonke ixesha lokukhula, nangona izityalo ezizodwa ziyeka ukudubula xa imbewu sele ibekiwe.
Ukukhula
I-lupulin emnyama inamandla okwenza zichuma kumhlaba owomileyo, ongenazondlo. Kwangelo xesha, inamandla okulungisa ezi ngxaki engceni kwaye igadi iya kunciphisa ukubonakala kokhula.
Inkqubo yeengcambu zayo ineengcambu ezishinyeneyo ezinamaqhuqhuva. Zongeza initrogen kumhlaba ojikelezileyo. Le taproot ikhula nzulu kwimihlaba emininzi.
Ziliqela zixhonyiwe, iziqu ezinoboya obuncinci zikhula kwisiseko. Isityalo sikhula kufutshane nomhlabaisasazeka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5 cm, kodwa ayenzi ingcambu ecaleni kweziqu. Ukuze ukwazi ukuphatha esi sityalo, kufuneka ube nezixhobo zesandla okanye ukhula olunokususa i-taproot enkulu.
Amagqabi
Igqabi ngalinye lahlulwe laba ziincwadana ezintathu, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-trifoliate. Iphepha eliphakathi liqhotyoshelwe kwisiqu ngesiqu esifutshane, ngelixa iincwadana ezimbini zangaphandle ziqhotyoshelwe ngqo kwisiqu. Onke amanye amagqabi ayathathu. Amagqabi aluhlaza amnyama esityalo ayafana namagqabi e-clover, anamaphepha amathathu embhoxo. Ngaba umfutho omncinci okanye izinyo encaminiImida yamazinyo kunye nemithambo ebonakalayo nehambelana. Iphepha eliphakathi liphuma kancinci kwi-petiole eyandisiweyo.
Kwaye ukuba uyazibuza ukuba kutheni le nto sithetha ngale nto, kungenxa yesizathu esilula sokuba eli nqaku, kunye nencam encinci ephume kwinqanaba lencwadana kunye nemida edibeneyo, Unceda ukwahlula amayeza amnyama kwezinye iimbotyi ezintathu.
Njengento enomdla kwaye ngaphambi kokuba udlulele kwimpawu elandelayo, kuya kufuneka uyazi loo nto amagqabi aveliswa ngokwahlukeneyo kunye neziqu. Kukho isibini semigqaliselo (izihlomelo ezincinci ezinje ngamagqabi) apho ipetiole nganye ijoyina isiqu esiphambili.
Iziqhamo
Iziqhamo ezenza emva kokudluliselwa kwepoleni zikhangeleka njengezintso ezincinci ezilungiselelwe ngokwamaqela. Iimbewu ezibhijelweyo ziba mnyama xa sele zivuthiwe. Esi sityalo sivelisa imbewu efanelekileyo kwi iimeko eziqhelekileyo zokucheba Ziyakwazi ukuqhubeka emhlabeni iminyaka, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukululawula olu khula phambi kokudubula kunye nokusekwa kwembewu.
Inkcubeko
Kwiingca, i I-Medicago lupulin Ingasetyenziselwa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokusebenzisa ingca khuthaza ukukhula kwengca eshinyeneyo (ukusika okuphezulu, ukuchumisa kunye nokunkcenkceshela okufanelekileyo), okwenza kube nzima kumayeza amnyama ukuqhubeka.
Kuba isityalo esimnyama esingamayeza sihlala sikhula kwiindawo apho Ukuxinana komhlaba kwenzekeNjengakwicala lokuhamba kunye neendlela, ukunciphisa ukuxinana kuya kunceda. Isityalo ngasinye inokucothwa ngesandla. Nezona zityalo zinkulu kulula ukuzikha, ingakumbi emva kokuba imvula iwuthambisile umhlaba.
Nangona kunjalo, kwimimandla emikhulu okanye kwi-dense infestations, isichumisi esinamagqabi ebanzi sinokusetyenziswa Ukukhula ngokukuko kwezityalo ngexesha lokukhula ukusuka kwisithole ukuya kwintyatyambo. Ulawulo lweekhemikhali lusetyenziswa kakuhle ukusuka entwasahlobo ukuya ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kwaye kwakhona kwangoko ukuya embindini. Ewe ngokunjalo, kufuneka ufunde kwaye ulandele imiyalelo kwileyibhile ngocoselelo.
Esi sityalo sikhula kakuhle kwindawo ezinelanga elipheleleyo okanye elinenxalenye, iimeko ezinomswakama kunye nomhlaba inelitye, udongwe, okanye igrabile. Luhlobo olunobunzima nolunoburhalarhume, kodwa ludla ngokungahoywa ngenxa yomkhwa wokukhula kancinci kunye nobukhulu obuncinci. Iingcambu zongeza i-nitrogen emhlabeni zenza umanyano neebhaktiriya zerhizobial.
Eyona ndawo ixhaphakileyo kunye neendawo zokuhlala
I-lupulin emnyama ifumaneka kuzo zonke izithili eIllinois kwaye kuqhelekile. Esi sityalo saziswa sisuka e-Asiya saya eMntla Melika kunye neenjongo zezolimo. Iindawo ezihlala kuzo zibandakanya ingca (umhlaba omnyama wodongwe), amadlelo anebrashi, amasimi amadala, umhlaba weefama, ingca, iindawo ezingenamntu, iindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, amangcwaba, ingca, iindawo ezikufutshane nomgaqo kaloliwe kunye neendlela zendlela, kunye nemimandla yenkunkuma eyahlukeneyo.
Esi sityalo ihlala ifumaneka kwiindawo eziphazamiseke kakhulu, nangona inokuhlasela umhlaba okumgangatho ophezulu. Kwimeko yokugqibela, iba yenye yezityalo ezingaphantsi komhlaba ezinokunyamezela umthunzi wezityalo eziphakamileyo zengca.