Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo lwaselwandle olubomvu oluncedo kakhulu kwi-gastronomy. Imalunga ne- IPorphyra. Ihlala ifumaneka kunxweme olunamatye kwihlabathi liphela, olu didi lubandakanya ezinye zeentlobo ezifumaneka kakhulu kwiitropiki nakwiipali. Owona mahluko mkhulu we-algae uhlala ufumaneka kwimimandla ebharhileyo yeempukane kwiindawo ezinemozulu ebandayo ethanda ukuba phakathi. Uninzi lweentlobo zolu hlobo lwenzeka minyaka le ehlotyeni okanye ebusika.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, ukuzala kunye nokulima kwePorphyra.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Luhlobo lwe-algae oluxhasa ukucinywa. Enkosi ngokungaqiniseki koku, inokufumaneka kweyona mimandla iphezulu kunye neyona yomileyo yommandla wamanxweme. Xa sithetha ngobulembu asithethi ngeziqu kodwa sithetha nge thalli. Ezi thalli zibonakala ngokwendalo zikhululekile kwaye zinemicroscopic filaments enoxanduva lokumba i-substrate ukuze iphile. Amaphepha ePorphyra anokuba sisetyhula okanye abe ngumgama kwaye anokulinganisa iisentimitha ezimbalwa okanye nangaphezulu kwemitha. Konke kuxhomekeke kwimeko yendalo esingqongileyo apho ikhula khona kunye nokuba inokuchuma ixesha elingakanani.
Umbala uhlala uhluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo esizinyanga ngalo. Kukho ezinye ezahlukileyo phakathi kwepinki, obomvu, omthubi, omdaka kunye nohlaza. Le mibala yokugqibela ifunyanwa rhoqo kwimimandla enamanzi amaninzi. Umjikelo wobomi wePorphyra unzima kakhulu. Inesigaba esincinci apho idiploid kwaye yaziwa ngegama le-conchocelis. Yayimbala omdaka ngombala unamasebe amdaka. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezichaziweyo zokusingqongileyo iifilayithi abanazo bayakwazi ukwenza amasebe adumbileyo abizwa ngokuba yi-conchosporangia.
Indlela yokuphindaphinda uyenza nge-meiosis. Le nkqubo yenzeka kwi-conchospora nganye kwaye ikhula ibe yi-Porphyra thalluses entsha. Kwezinye iintlobo zeemonospores ziveliswa kwimida ye-thallus kunye ne-laminae ukuvelisa ngesondo. I-zygote yahlulahlula-hlula yenze inyanda yeseli ye-diploid eyaziwa ngokuba yi-carposporangium. Ziyi-diploid carpospores ezikhutshwa kwiicarposporangias ukwenza iidiploid cell bundles kunye ne-conchocelis filaments ukuze zisinde ngexesha lehlobo.
Uluhlu kunye nendawo yokuhlala yePorphyra
Kwingingqi yase China, iindidi ze Porphyra haitanensis zifumaneka kweyona ndawo isemazantsi, ngelixa iintlobo ze yezoensis zifumaneka emantla. Banenqanaba elaziwa ngokuba yi-nori kwaye liquka i-thalli yoluhlobo. Ezi thalli zihlala zivela ekwindla nasekuqaleni kobusika, ngakumbi kunxweme olunamatye. Imbewu ikhutshwa kwinqanaba le-conchocelis kwaye ine-filamentous.
Iimeko zophuhliso ezifanelekileyo zolu hlobo lwe-algae zihlala ziyahluka. Le miqathango ishwankathelwe njenge ubushushu, ubutyuwa kunye nokukhanya okuncinci. Eyona nto iqhelekileyo kukuba iziqu ezisencinci zinokumelana namaqondo aphezulu obushushu kunokuba sele ekhulile. Amaqondo obushushu asezantsi ahlala ekhulisa ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kwezi ntlobo zombini, emantla kunye nelanga. Amaqondo obushushu angaphezulu nangaphantsi aphakathi kwe -3 kunye ne-8 degrees. Ukukhanya okuphezulu kukulungele ukukhula kwezi ntlobo zombini. Zombini ezi ntlobo zeziqu ziyakwazi ukunyamezela ukusasazwa, ngenxa yoko amandla okuphila aphezulu kakhulu. Iindidi zePorphyra haitanensis zingaphila iveki nangona zilahlekelwe ngaphezulu kwama-70% kuko konke ukufuma.
Kwezi algae ubungakanani bezinongo ezifana ne-nitrate okanye i-nitrogenous ammonium zibalulekile. Kwaye kukuba zi-algae ezifuna phantse malunga ne-100-200 milligrams ye-nitrogen kwimitha nganye yeetyhubhu zomhlaba. Oku bakufuna ukukhula okuqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-nitrogen concentrations emhlabeni ingaphantsi kwe-50 milligrams kwi-cubic meter nganye, ukukhula kuya kuthintelwa.
Iinkqubo zemveliso yePorphyra
Ngenxa yomjikelo wobomi obunzima, inkqubo yokulima iPorphyra yahlulwe yangamanqanaba amahlanu ahlukeneyo. Saqala eyokuqala ngolimo lwee-conchocelis. Emva koko, ii-conchospores ziqokelelwa ukuze zibone ukukhula elwandle. Okokugqibela, zikhona ezinye izigaba ezibini zokuvuna nokulungisa. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iinkqubo zenyathelo ngamanyathelo.
Okokuqala, qala ngokunikezela ngembewu. Yilapho ukulima kwe-conchocelis kushwankathelwe. Olu limo lwenziwa ngokwamanqanaba amabini. Eyokuqala ibanjelwa phesheya ngeenyanga zika-Meyi ukuya ku-Okthobha. Ngeli xesha i-conchocelis iyalinywa kwaye ii-conchospores ziveliswa. Inqanaba lesibini lisusela ku-Okthobha ukuya kuMeyi. Eli nqanaba liqukethe uxinzelelo kulimo lwe thallus encinci ebaleni.
Embindini wenyanga kaMeyi Imbaza yase-Asiya ityalwe ukuze ikwazi ukomisa i-conchocelis ekhulula ii-conchospores. Ukunqunyanyiswa kwezi zihlala kufafazwa kwi-substrate. I-substrate nayo ingabhaptizwa ekumisweni. Ukulima kuhlala kuqhutywa kwiitanki ezinkulu, ezide, ezingaxinananga. Into efunekayo kukugcina umaleko wamanzi olwandle amalunga ne-30 cm ngaphambili owawukhe wanikelwa kwintlenga. I-nitrogen kunye ne-phosphate nutrient ziyongezwa kula manzi olwandle athe afumana intlenga, eziyimfuneko ukuze iPorphyra ikhule kakuhle.
Kweli nqanaba lokwakheka, amaqondo obushushu aqhelekanga alawulwa kakhulu kwaye ayahluka ngokuxhomekeka kubushushu bendalo. Nangona kunjalo, kuyaziwa ukuba ukukhula okanye ukuqaqamba kwenzeka phakathi kwama-20-25 amaqondo obushushu. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi nasekuqaleni kukaJuni amaqondo obushushu ahlala enyuswa ukuya kuma-23 degrees ukuququzelela ukukhula kwezityalo. Kwinyanga elandelayo amandla okukhanya ancitshisiwe ukukhuthaza ukuyilwa kwee-conchosporangias. Ezi conchosporangias zinoxanduva lokukhulula ii-conchospores. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti iqondo lobushushu liyahlengahlengiswa kwakhona ukuze linyuke liye kuma-28 degrees kwaye iqondo lobushushu lehliswe kwakhona kwinyanga elandelayo.
Inkqubo yokutya
Iindlela ezininzi zisetyenziselwa ukutyebisa i-algae kwaye zinendawo enkulu:
- Inkqubo yokudada: Isetyenziswa eJapan kwaye imalunga neminatha edibanisa i-buoys edadayo kumphezulu wolwandle ukuze iziqu zihlala zintywiliselwa emanzini.
- Inkqubo edadayo: ngumxube wenkqubo yokudada kunye nomnatha osisigxina. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi e-China.
- Iinethiwekhi ezizinzileyo: Iminatha ixhonywe phakathi kweepali kwaye kumaza asezantsi ayachaphazeleka emoyeni ukuze ome. Olu hlobo lwenkcubeko lukhawulelwe kwiindawo zangaphakathi zeebheyi ezinamanzi angaphantsi, anesanti.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nePorphyra kunye neempawu zayo.