I-Asplenium

Los I-Asplenium Zezinye zeeferns ezaziwa kakhulu, kwaye kufanelekile. Inyaniso yokuba unala magqabi made aluhlaza abangela ukuba abenomtsalane ngakumbi emehlweni abantu. Ukongeza, zizityalo ezongeza ubuhle kunye 'nobushushu' kuzo zombini igadi kunye nendlu.

Inkathalo yabo, nangona kunjalo, kwaye kunzima ukuyikholelwa, ayinzima. Kuya kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo ezinye izinto ukuze zilunge, kunjalo, kodwa ngokubanzi Unokuthi zilula ukugcina iifern.

Imvelaphi kunye neempawu zeAsplenium

Umlinganiswa wethu ophambili luhlobo lweeferns ezenziwa zohlobo oluthile lwama-361 ezamkelweyo ukusuka ngo-1918 ezichazwe zisasazwa kwimimandla yetropiki, efudumeleyo neneshushu kwihlabathi. Ukuphakama kwabo akuhlali ngaphezulu kweesentimitha ezingama-40, kwaye bakhulisa iirosettes zamagqabi (amagqabi) anokuba yimigca, i-pinnate, i-webbed, ifolokhwe okanye i-subromboidal, eluhlaza ngombala. Ii-petioles, oko kukuthi, isiqu esidibanisa amagqabi kunye nerhizome, luhlaza, mnyama mnyama okanye ngombala omnyama.

Ii-sori zine-elliptical ukuya emgceni, kunye ne-spores-imbewu ye-ferns-ellipsoidal ukuya kwi-spheroidal. Inkqubo yeengcambu irhizomatous, imfutshane, kunqabile ukuba ihambe.

Iintlobo eziphambili

Ezona zinomdla zezi:

I-Asplenium adiantum-nigrum

Ku malunga I-fern malunga neesentimitha eziyi-10-30 ubude eyinzalelwane yasemaNtla Khweyitha ine-bi okanye i-tri-pinnate fronds enobukhulu bayo obuyi-3-15cm ubude nge-2,5-7,5cm ububanzi.

Iimpawu zonyango

Amaqebengwana asetyenzisiweyo, angumbombane.

Asplenium billotii

Umthonyama kubalo lweMeditera, yifern leyo ifikelela kumasentimitha angama-35 ukuphakama. Amagqabi ayo acocekile okanye aqaqambile, aluhlaza ocacileyo.

i-asplenium nidus

Yaziwa njengendlwane yentaka okanye indlwane yentaka, yifern yemveli kumahlathi emvula aseAustralia Unokufikelela kubude obuphezulu beemitha ezi-2. Amagqabi alula, aluhlaza ocacileyo, ane-petiole emnyama.

I-Asplenium onopteris

Yifern encinci eyinzalelwane yengingqi yeMeditera, ethi ifikelela kubude obungama-30cm. Amagqabi ayo abi-bi okanye tri-pinnate, aluhlaza ngombala.

I-Asplenium ruta-muraria

Yaziwa ngokuba yi-adianth emhlophe, intombi engathethiyo, i-wall rue, okanye i-escolondrillo, yifern yemvelaphi yemimandla epholileyo yeNyakatho yeNtlabathi. Iphuhlisa iifreyimu 2 ukuya kwi-15cm ubude, pinnate.

Iimpawu zonyango

Isityalo sonke sisetyenziswa njenge-aperitif, antitussive, pectoral, ophthalmic, astringent and emmenagogue.

I-Asplenium scolopendrium

Yaziwa njengolwimi lwe-cervina, yifern yemveli eMantla eIkhweyitha ekhula ngamagqabi alula, i-lanceolate, i-wavy kunye ne-lobed emazantsi, ngombala oluhlaza kunye nokukhanya okungaphantsi. Ifikelela kubude obumalunga ne-40cm.

Iimpawu zonyango

Kuyinto antidiarrhea kunye anti-ukudumba.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Ulwimi lwenyamakazi, kulula kakhulu ukukhathalela ifern

I-Asplenium trichomanes

Yaziwa njenge ntombazana encinci, sisityalo esizalelwa kwimimandla efudumeleyo nefudumeleyo kwilizwe liphela. Inokufikelela kubude obuli-10 ukuya kuma-50cm, kunye namagqabantshintshi aluhlaza.

Iimpawu zonyango

Isetyenziswa njenge-anti-inflammatory, expectorant kunye ne-emollient.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

I-Maidenhair eqhelekileyo (i-Asplenium trichomanes)

Ziintoni ezibakhathazayo?

Zizityalo ezinokukhathalelwa ngendlela elula. Sincoma kuphela ukuba uthathele ingqalelo oku kulandelayo:

Ubicación

• phandle: kufuneka babe kwindawo apho ilanga lingakhanyisi ngokuthe ngqo kubo nanini na.
• NgaphakathiIgumbi kufuneka likhanye, kwaye iifeni kufuneka zingabikho kuyilo.

Unkcenkceshelo

Ukumodareyitha ukuya rhoqo. Ngexesha lasehlotyeni kunokuba yimfuneko ukunkcenkceshela malunga namaxesha ama-3 ngeveki, kodwa okuseleyo enyakeni ngamanzi ama-2 ngeveki kufuneka anele.

Sebenzisa amanzi emvula okanye amanzi angenal lime xa unakho.

Umbhalisi

Kucetyiswa kakhulu ukuba uhlawule ukusuka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukuya ngasekupheleni kwehlobo ngezichumisi eziphilayo kulandela izikhombisi ezichaziweyo kwiphakheji yemveliso.

Izinambuzane

Uhlaselo lunokubonwa ngu Izilwanyana y mealybugs, kodwa kuba zizityalo ezincinci ngokwentelekiso ngebrashi efakwe etywaleni ekhemesti zisuswa ngokulula. Unokukhetha ukunyanga i-Asplenium yakho ngomhlaba we-diatomaceous umzekelo.

Izifo

• AmakhowaKwindawo ezifumileyo okanye kwizityalo eziye zanengxaki yokunkcenkceshela, kuqhelekile ukuba ifungi efana nephytophthora okanye iCercospora ibangele ingcambu kunye / okanye iingxaki zokubola kwamagqabi.
  Baphathwa ngamayeza okubulala ukungunda.
• IntsholongwaneUhlobo lwePseudomonas. Zibangela amabala amanzi ukuba abonakale kumagqabi.
  Ayinanyango. Unokususa kuphela amalungu achaphazelekayo kwaye ulinde ukubona ukuba kwenzeka ntoni.
• Virus: Velisa iindawo ezimilise necrotic ezinamaqatha. Akuqhelekanga.
  Kananjalo ayinalo unyango. Yenza okufanayo nakwimeko yebhaktheriya.

Ukutyala okanye ukutshintsha ixesha

En primavera, xa umngcipheko weqabaka udlulile. Ukuba unayo ebhodweni, yitshintshele kwenye enkulu xa ubona ukuba zikhula iingcambu ngemingxunya yokuhambisa amanzi okanye ukuba bekukho kwisitya esinye ixesha elide (ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-2).

Ukuphindaphinda

IiSpores

Njengazo zonke i-ferns, zanda nge-spores entwasahlobo. Yenzelwe yona Kufuneka zityalwe kwiibhedi zembewu kunye nokulinywa komhlaba jikelele (kwintengiso apha), kwaye ndiyifunde kancinci.

Gcina ibhedi yeembewu ngaphandle, emthunzini osisiqingatha, kunye ne-substrate emanzi kodwa ingabi namanzi, kwaye kufutshane nomthombo wobushushu. Ngale ndlela ziya kuhluma ngenyanga.

ICandelo

Ezinye iintlobo zivelisa ii-suckers, ethi ingahlulwa kwisityalo sikamama ngentwasahlobo, kunye neengcambu, xa befikelele kubukhulu obumalunga ne-10cm ukuphakama.

Emva koko batyale kwiimbiza nganye kunye ne-substrate yendalo yonke, kwaye ubakhusele elangeni.

Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza

I-Asplenium zizityalo ezithi abaqhelekanga ukumelana nengqele kakhulu. Kukho okwahlukileyo, njenge I-Asplenium trichomanes, ezinokuthi zikhule ngaphandle unyaka wonke okoko kungekho qabaka iqine kakhulu, kodwa kungcono ukuba zikhuselwe.

Ngendlela, kumava am, i-asplenium nidus Inokubakho kwiindawo apho iqabaka ibuthathaka kakhulu (ukuya kuthi ga -2ºC), imfutshane kwaye ifika ngexesha, kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Umzekelo, ndinayo kwikona yegadi, phakathi kwezityalo ezikhulu (imithi, imithi yesundu), ke ukuba unendawo enjalo, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuba ulungile kuyo.