Waziwa njengomthi womthunzi ngenxa yamagqabi kunye nendalo ehlala iluhlaza. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-holm oak, kodwa igama layo lesayensi yi-Quercus ilex. Yeyosapho lweFagáceas kwaye ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-chapala okanye i-chaparro. Ngumthi ohlala uluhlaza, ubungakanani obuphakathi okanye umthi otyhutyhayo kwingingqi yeMeditera oqhelana neempawu zemvula okanye indawo ekhula kuyo. I ii curiosities holm oki Banomtsalane kwaye kufanelekile ukuzazi.
Ngoko ke, kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga neyona nto inomdla kwi-oki ye-holm, iimpawu zayo kunye nokunye okuninzi.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ibanzi kwaye ingqukuva. Ifikelela kumphakamo we-16 ukuya kwi-25 yeemitha kwaye inokuphila iminyaka emininzi. Isiqu sawo sibanzi kwaye siqinile, kwaye ixolo liyaqhekeka, lenze amabala amancinane angwevu. Amagqabi ayo ahlala iminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwemi-4. Zincinci kwaye ziqinile, zinemiphetho emile njenge-vertex. Ziluhlaza oqaqambileyo ngaphezulu kwaye zingwevu ngaphantsi.
Iintyatyambo ezingacacanga ziyathandeka, ziqokelelwe ngokwezipantshi, ekuqaleni zityheli, ze orenji, ekugqibeleni zibe mdaka. Nangona zisasazwa kuyo yonke iglasi, zikhetha indawo esezantsi.
Indawo yokuhlala kunye neziqhamo ze-oki yaseHolm
I-holm oak luhlobo lwemithi eqhelekileyo yeMeditera, i-Iberian Peninsula, iSpain kunye neFransi. Yenza amahlathi ashinyeneyo kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni. Luhlobo olukwaziyo ukumelana nembalela, kodwa luxhathisa.
Isiqhamo som-oki we-holm yi-acorn ethandwayo, eluhlaza ngombala, ijika ibentsundu emnyama xa ivuthiwe, kwaye yenza iqokobhe okanye Ingubo eyenziwe ngamaphecana axineneyo adityanisiweyo ayi-1/3 yobukhulu bayo.
Ii-acorns zivuthwa ngo-Oktobha ukuya kuNovemba, ngamanye amaxesha ngoDisemba. Iqala ukuvelisa kwiminyaka eyi-15 okanye engama-20. Ezinye ii-acorns zazisetyenziswa njengokutya kwabantu nanjengokutya kweenkomo neehagu. Ixesha leentyantyambo zalo liqala ngoAprili ukuya kuMeyi, kwaye iziqhamo zayo zihamba phakathi kukaOktobha noNovemba.
ukuzala kunye nezifo
I-oki ye-holm isasazeka kakuhle ngembewu, ityalwe nge-acorns, kwaye iphinda ivelise iingcambu kunye nemidiliya. Ilungele zonke iintlobo zomhlaba. Izigidi zooki ziyazalwa zize zife nyaka ngamnye. Unobangela ophambili kukuyeka, kubonakaliswa ngu ukutyheli kwamagqabi awileyo, ukufa kwamasebe, ukulahleka kwamasebe okanye iisuckers; ukubola kweengcambu nokufa kwesityalo.
Iintlobo ezithile zokungunda ziyabandakanyeka kule nkqubo, umzekelo: i-root rot diploids, iHypoxylum mediterraneum kunye nePhytophthora cinnamon. Ii-oki zeHolm nazo zihlaselwa libhabhathane elizingelayo iTortrix viridana, etshabalalisa amahlumela esityalo kwaye ixhaphake kwi-Peninsula yase-Iberia. Ngokukwanjalo, ooqongqothwane bayonakalisa imithi yomthi wom-oki ngokubulala izityalo ngemibungu engene esiqwini kuba ukutya kwabo kukunkuni.
Sebenzisa
- Ukutya: isiqhamo som-oki we-holm sisetyenziswa njengokutya kweenkomo. Ngokomzekelo, eSpeyin, iihagu zondla i-acorns, ngoko ke imilenze emihle iyaveliswa. Abantu bayitya ngokuyigcada njengazo naziphi na ezinye iziqhamo ezomisiweyo. Kwakhona bayasila, yaye umgubo wawo usetyenziselwa ukwenza isonka.
- Iinkuni: um-oki uthandwa kakhulu. Nangona umthi unzima ukusebenza ngenxa yokuqina kwawo, lo mgangatho mnye wenza ukuba ube luncedo xa usebenza ngezinto eziphantsi kokhuhlane oluninzi (umz. iikiliva, amakhuba, iiparquet, iziphatho zezixhobo), nakwizakhiwo ezincinci zehydraulic nanjengeentsika okanye imiqadi. njengoko ingaboli lula.
- I petroli: Kude kube sekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, enye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekhaya kwiindawo ezininzi zaseYurophu yayiziinkuni namalahle. Kuhle kakhulu iinkuni zokutshisa nokwenza amalahle kuba zenza umlilo omkhulu kwaye kushushu kakhulu.
- Olunye usetyenziso: Ixolo lomthi wom-oki linento ephilayo ebizwa ngokuba yitannin, esetyenziselwa ukujika ulusu lube lufele, yiyo loo nto abasuki beluxabisa kakhulu ufele. Kwakhona, i-asidi ye-tannic, amagqabi kunye ne-acorns yatyunyuzwa ukwenza i-potion, eyayisetyenziswa njenge-astringent kwaye yayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukutshabalalisa amanxeba.
ii curiosities holm oki
Mandulo, izixeko ezininzi zaziwuhlonela umthi wom-oki. Imele amandla, ukuqina kunye nokuguga. Kwimbali kuthiwa i-mace kaHercules yenziwe nge-oki, njengomnqamlezo awafela kuwo uKristu. UAbraham wafumana isityhilelo esivela kuThixo kufuphi nomthi wom-oki. Ngokunjalo, umthi wawunikezelwe kunqulo kwintsomi yeCeltic. Apho, ababingeleli abanolwazi lwesiprofeto nokuphilisa olwalusebenzisa amandla amakhulu bahlanganisana.
Ikwabonakala kakhulu kwi-slang ethandwayo, umzekelo wayo iqhina elibhekisela kuyo, elithi: "Ndazalwa ndingumfazi, ndandiyindoda xa ndiselula, kwaye ngenhlanhla, ndaphinda ndaba ngumfazi."
Izinto ezinomdla kwi-oki zininzi. Ihlala kakuhle kakhulu kwimozulu yeMeditera, ivelisa ii-acorns ezithandekayo ezithandwayo, kwaye yeyosapho lweFagaceae.
Ezi zezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwi-holm oak:
- Amaxolo ayo aneetannins ezininzi yaye asasetyenziswa nanamhlanje ukwenza ufele.
- Umthi wayo, onzima kakhulu, ngokwesiko usetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo zasefama.
- Kwaloo nkuni ifanayo, ngenxa yexabiso layo elibalulekileyo le<em>calorific, isibaso esihle kakhulu yaye ixatyiswa kakhulu ekwenzeni amalahle.
- Umthi wayo usetyenziselwa ukutshaya iisoseji, ukwenza amavili enqwelo okanye ukwakha izinyuko.
- Njengeyeza, ngenxa ye-astringency enamandla ye-bark, ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-hemorrhoids, isifo sohudo esingapheliyo, i-dysentery, njl.
- Imbewu yayo idliwa njengokutya, kodwa kufuneka iphekwe izihlandlo ezininzi ngenxa yomxholo we-tannin ephezulu, i-astringent. ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba ungatyi kakhulu.
- Le mbewu yomisiweyo negayiweyo isetyenziselwa ukwenza umgubo uze uxutywe nezinye iinkozo ukwenza isonka.
- Iithowusti zazisenziwa njengekofu.
- Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokusetyenziswa kwe-acorn kukondla imfuyo ingakumbi iihagu.
- Iintyatyambo zayo azifani nesini (ezinye iinkunzi kunye nezinye iimazi). Iinkunzi zibonakala ngeekati ezityheli, ezishinyeneyo, ezibhityileyo. Iintyatyambo zeemazi zodwa okanye ngambini kwi-pubescent pedicels.
- Ii-oki zeHolm ziqala ukuvelisa i-acorns ngobuninzi kwiminyaka eyi-8 okanye eyi-10 ... Banokuvelisa ukuya kutsho kwi-100.
- Kwimozulu epholileyo zivelisa izityalo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ekuhambeni kwexesha, ngoxa kumahlathi anengca ende zidla ngokuvelisa iziqhamo ezinkulu zonyaka rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-2 okanye emi-3.
- Iziqhamo (i-acorns) ze-holm oak zibalulekile kwizilwanyana zasendle kunye neehagu emadlelweni.
- Olona lwandiso lukhulu lwe-holm oak lulingana nommandla waseSpain, ngaphezu kwe-3.400.000 yeehektare.
- Ukongeza, ezi mithi ye-holm oak zibonakalise ukuba yindawo entle yokuhlala yezilwanyana zaseMeditera, nto leyo ezenza zibe yindawo efanelekileyo yokuzingela, phantse isoloko ilawulwa okanye ikhuselwe ngumthetho.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-curiosities ye-oki ye-holm.