Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngomnye wamantongomane asetyenzisiweyo kwihlabathi. Imalunga nembewu kajongilanga. Ujongilanga sisityalo esivela eMelika kwaye safunyanwa malunga ne-1000 BC.ISpanish yazisa ujongilanga eYurophu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Sisityalo esaziwayo nesithengiswayo kwihlabathi liphela, kuba imbewu kajongilanga ineempawu eziluncedo.
Kule posi uya kuba nakho ukwazi yonke into oyifunayo malunga nokulima ujongilanga, iipropathi zemibhobho kunye neempawu zazo eziphambili.
Iimpawu zikajongilanga
Ukwazi iipropathi zembewu kajongilanga, kufuneka kuqala sazi isityalo esivelisayo. Ujongilanga sisityalo sonyaka ubude baso idla ngokuba ziimitha ezi-3. Isiqu sime nkqo kwaye silindwe ngobume. Amagqabi abude kwaye velvety malunga neesentimitha ezingama-50 ubude nama-30 ububanzi. Zidume kakhulu ngokukwazi "ukulandela" ilanga. Umbala wayo omthubi wegolide ufana nqwa ne-daisy, kodwa inkulu.
Ngexesha leenyanga zehlobo zivula kwaye zilandele ukujonga kwelanga. Ngaphakathi kwintyatyambo ungabona ezinye zeentyatyambo ezenza idiski. Ezi ntyatyambo zincinci ziya kuthwala iziqhamo ezityiwayo ezaziwa njengembewu kajongilanga. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwesityalo ngasinye, banokufumana umbala omnye okanye omnye.
Indlela yokukhula
Ukuze ukhule ngojongilanga udinga indawo enkulu ngokwaneleyo, kuba isityalo sifikelela kubude obukhulu. Ingatyalwa kuzo zombini izitiya nakwiigadi. Ngaphandle kokuqokelela imbewu kajongilanga njengeziqhamo, Zikwasetyenziselwa ukuhombisa ngombala wazo omkhulu. Ukuba unesitiya esincinci ekhaya, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhethe ezo ntlobo zincinci ukufezekisa ukukhula okunempilo.
Imbewu kajongilanga kufuneka ihlwayelwe kwiinyanga zasentwasahlobo. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anegalelo kuphuhliso lwawo olungcono. Esi sityalo asikwazi ukumelana neentsuku ezibandayo okanye ezinamafu kakuhle. Njengoko igama labo libonisa, bafuna iiyure ezininzi zelanga. Ukuhlwayela kunokwenziwa embizeni enkulu okanye ngqo emhlabeni. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uxube i-substrate kunye nevermiculite ukuphucula umjelo wamanzi kunye nokugcinwa kwesondlo.
Nje ukuba sihlwayele imbewu, kufuneka unkcenkceshele kakhulu kwaye ugcine umhlaba ufumile ukuze ukhule ngokuchanekileyo Ukuba ityalwe embizeni, ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kubekwe esweni rhoqo. Zihlala zihluma malunga neeveki ezintathu.
Indawo kunye nohlobo lokulima
Ukukhetha indawo oza kutyala kuyo ujongilanga, kufuneka ujonge kuyo ubuncinci baneeyure ezi-6 zelanga elithe ngqo isemgangathweno. Ukongeza, ukuba uza kuhlwayela ngqo emhlabeni, kungcono ukushiya ukwahlula phakathi kwesityalo kunye nesityalo esingama-20 cm. Oku kuyabanceda babelane ngcono ngezakha mzimba ezikhulayo kunye namanzi.
Kutyalwe oojongilanga kwimiqolo engama-70 cm ngokwahlukana. Xa kufikwa ekuchumiseni, isityalo sinombulelo kwabo bazizityebi nge nitrogen. Xa befikelela ekukhuleni bajonge ngasempuma, ukuze bakwazi ukuqokelela ilanga elininzi kangangoko imini yonke.
Ujongilanga ugqibelele kwizitiya zasezidolophini, kuba abantwana banokuthatha inxaxheba ekuzinyamekeleni. Ngokubanzi, zinomtsalane kwaye zilula ukukhathalela izityalo kwaye abantwana bayazithanda iziqhamo zabo.
Iipropati zembewu kajongilanga
Imbewu kajongilanga kukutya okulungileyo okunezibonelelo ezininzi zempilo. Phakathi kweepropathi zayo sifumana:
- Ine a ephezulu kwi-vitamin E. Iipesenti ezingama-76 zesixa esinconywayo semihla ngemihla sale vithamini sinokugqunywa ngembewu kajongilanga. Kwakhona, yi-antioxidant efanelekileyo kwimpilo yamehlo. Sisiqhamo esomisiweyo kunye nomxholo ophezulu wale vithamini.
- Kusebenza ukulwa uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo, kuba bane thianine kunye necysteine. Ziyacetyiswa kwizigulana ezine-parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, dementia kunye ne-Alzheimer's.
- Yehlisa umngcipheko womhlaza.
- I qulethe Umxholo ophezulu wevithamini yeqela B, oku kufumaneka kwimibhobho yaseMelika ngobuninzi. Zisetyenziswa njengendawo yokuvuselela kunye nokuguga.
Iindyikitya zokufa nezifo
Njengazo zonke izityalo, ujongilanga unokuchaphazeleka zizinambuzane nezifo. Ukucwangciswa okuhle kubalulekile ukunqanda ezi ntlobo zeemeko kunye nokufumana imveliso elungileyo. Isityalo sikajongilanga sisebenzisa izinto ezininzi kwaye kufuneka sikhuselwe ukuze sifumane zonke izibonelelo.
Nangona ingabonisi iingxaki zempilo, kukho imingcipheko yezifo ezinokuthi zonakalise izityalo kwaye zilahleke. Ezinye izinambuzane zomhlaba zihlala zibangela ilahleko enkulu kwezi zityalo. Ezi ziintshulube ezimhlophe nezingwevu.
Bachaphazeleka nakweminye imibungu yamabhabhathane, izinambuzane ezincancayo okanye i-whitefly eyaziwayo. Ezi zinambuzane zizitshabalalisi ezibonakala zodwa, kodwa ukuba azilawulwa ngokuchanekileyo, ziya kuchaphazela izityalo ezininzi.
Ukunyanga ujongilanga kubalulekile coca yonke indawo echaphazelekayo hayi isityalo kuphela. Oku kwenzelwa ukuba kungonakalisi imbewu okanye ezinye izityalo.
Phakathi kwezifo ezibaluleke kakhulu esinokuzifumana kwi-sunflower esinayo:
- Ukubola okumanzi. Iyabonwa kuba ivela kwiindawo ezinomswakama kunye nobushushu obushushu. Zichaphazela isiqu kwaye zitshabalalise iinqanawa ezithwele incindi. Xa ujongilanga engakwazi ukuzondla, uyafa.
- I-Verticillosis. Sisifo esichaphazela isiseko sesiqu. Ibangela i-necrosis kwizikhondo nakumagqabi. Imbewu kajongilanga ayizukulungela ukusetyenziswa.
- Isiqu somthi. Kubonakala umzuzu uvelisa imbewu. Amabala amile okwe-V anokubonwa emagqabini. Iveliswa kukuchumisa okugqithileyo ngaphandle kwamaxesha okuhlwayela.
- Isifo sikajongilanga. Esi sifo sibangela ukufiphala kwizityalo. Umbala wayo uyachaphazeleka kwaye ukukhula kwawo kucotha kancinci kunesiqhelo. Njengokukhula kwesifo, iintsholongwane ziyakhula kwaye zenze ulwakhiwo lwekhothoni.
Imbewu kajongilanga yimveliso yentengiso kwihlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, ineengxaki ezinje ngezi ngasemva.