Enye yeendlela eziphambili zokulima emhlabeni wegadi kwezolimo kukumilisela. Yindibaniselwano phakathi kwezityalo ezibini ezohlukeneyo ezidityaniswe ngendlela yokuba ziqhubeke ukukhula njengesityalo esinye. Ukwenza oku, kuya kufuneka ukhethe ihlumelo okanye ihlumelo eliphuma kwesinye isityalo kwaye ulazise kwesinye. Oku kwenzelwe ukuseka umanyano olusisigxina. Zininzi iintlobo zegrafti kuxhomekeka kwindidi eyahlukeneyo nalapho iya khona ikhuliswe ngayo.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga neentlobo zokungaqiniseki kunye neempawu zazo.
Kwenziwa njani ukumiliselwa?
Kukuthabatha ihlumelo okanye ihlumelo eliphuma kwisityalo size silazise kwelinye. Isityalo apho kungeniswa khona ihlumelo ibizwa ngokuba sisityalo esiyintloko. Kanye amajoni, ngalinye enye igcina iimpawu zazo zemfuza. Ubume bomthamo buya kuvelisa iindawo zomoya zesityalo esitsha, ngelixa isitokhwe sinikezela ngeengcambu.
Ukufakelwa kwenziwa nge-incision eyenziwe kwipatheni yokufumana i-graft ukuze idibane kunye neeseli ezinxibelelana phakathi kwezi zimbini ukwenza umnxeba wokuphilisa. Ukudibanisa ezi zinto zimbini, kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane neemeko ezithile, ezinye zangaphakathi, kuxhomekeke kubunjani bezityalo eziqhotyoshelwe kuzo (indibaniselwano phakathi kwezihlobo ezisondeleyo ingcono), kwaye enye ingaphandle, kuxhomekeke kwimeko apho ziphuhliswe khona.
Ukuze amalungu omabini esityalo adityaniswe ngokusisigxina, kufuneka kubekho imvisiswano yefom kunye nokusebenza phakathi kwezicubu ezinxibelelana. Ukuba kufuneka kwenziwe izicubu eziqhubayo ezivumela ijusi ukuba ijikeleze ngesiqhelo, inkosi kunye nokuhlomela kufuneka zibe nemithambo yegazi enobubanzi obufanayo kunye ubume obufanayo. Oku kufuna ukuba izityalo ezihlanganisiweyo zibe nolwalamano olusondele kakhulu kwimfuzo.
Ukudibanisa phakathi kwezityalo zohlobo olunye kukhuselekile, enyanisweni kukhuselekile nakwizityalo zohlobo olunye. Ukudibanisa phakathi kwezityalo zohlobo olunye, kodwa kwezinye iimeko iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zinokufezekiswa, kodwa hayi kwezinye iimeko. Umzekelo, ukumilisela phakathi kweentlobo zesitrasi (iiorenji, iilamuni, njl. Kulula ukufezekisa, kodwa ukudibanisa phakathi kwePrunus kunzima kakhulu (amapere, imithi yeapile).
Kwakhona, ukuze ulwalamano lwenzeke, kufuneka kubekho unxibelelwano olusondeleyo phakathi kwezicubu eziphilayo kwaye utshintsho kumacala omabini kufuneka ludibane. Ngamanye amaxesha ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo, ukungahambelani kunokwenzeka emva kokuba kudityanisiwe, Ke iimfuno zimbini kufuneka zifane.
Ixesha lokumilisela ngaphandle liqhele ukuba xa incindi iqala ukuhamba nokubola. Ngokufanelekileyo, Matshi nangoSeptemba-Okthobha ngokulandelelana. Ngokubhekisele kwiintlobo zokumiliselwa, zahlukile, kwizityalo ezithile okanye ixesha lokufakelwa, ezinye iindlela zikhethwa kwezinye.
Iindidi zegrafti
Ukukhusela i-Shield
Zenziwe kwizityalo, ezisongela umlo weenkomo, i-nectarine, umthi we-apile, umthi wepere kunye nezityalo zokuhombisa. Inenzuzo enkulu kuba kufunyenwe ipesenti yokusebenza okuphezulu. Zenziwe ukusuka ekwindla yasentwasahlobo xa amaxolo epateni enokulindeleka ngokulula. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba umthi ukhule ngokukuko kwaye incindi ihamba kakuhle.
Isixhobo somdibaniso
Kunzima kakhulu kunangaphambili, kodwa isetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwiintlobo ezinamaxolo ashinyeneyo anjenge-walnut. Elona xesha lilungileyo lokuyenza ngasekupheleni kwehlobo okanye ekuqaleni kokwindla. Nangona inokwenziwa ngentwasahlobo, ayiloxesha elifanelekileyo. Amaxolo epateni ayimfuneko anokukhutshwa ngokulula kwaye umthi ukwimeko yokukhula kwezityalo incindi iqengqeleka rhoqo. Ngombulelo kolu hlobo lwegrafti, inokuqhutywa ngempumelelo ukuya kuthi ga kwiipateni ze-10-sentimitha-ububanzi.
Splinter
Olu lolunye lweentlobo zokungaqiniseki ekufuneka zenziwe ngentwasahlobo. Zombini iipateni, ukumiliselwa kukukhula okuqhubekayo. Inokwenziwa ehlotyeni, kodwa ihlumelo aliyi kukhula de kube yintwasahlobo elandelayo. Ihlala isetyenziswa kwimithi yamakhiwane nakwezinye iicicus. Isetyenziswa kuwo nawuphi na umthi kwakukho ityholwana elinomthi othambileyo.
Iindidi zegrafti: i-barbs
Kule meko, kukhethwa ukuba iphethini kunye ne-barb zibe nobubanzi obulinganayo. Ukuba ipick ithambe ngakumbi kunepateni, kufuneka ibekwe iseti kwicala elinye. Ayinakubekwa embindini. Ihlala isenziwa phakathi ebusika.
Isiphunzi kumasebe
Yindlela eluncedo kakhulu ekumiliseleni kumasebe ajiye kakhulu. Ngalo mfana ongcono iipateni ngamasebe amalunga neesentimitha eziyi-3-5 ububanzi. Elona xesha lilungileyo lokuzenza ngasekupheleni kobusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukukhetha kufuneka kulolwe kuphela kwicala elinye ukuze kubekho ukubakho kwecambium eninzi ekunxibelelaneni.
Ubume becala elisezantsi
Ixesha lokuyenza liphela ebusika. Ngeli xesha amaxolo epateni anokutyhilwa ngokulula. Kufuneka nje uyenze Sika i-T kwindawo egudileyo yegxolo lomzekelo kwaye ukhuphe ixolo. Ipiki ilungiswa ngokuyivelisa kwicala elinye kuphela. Isibonda siqhutyelwa phantsi kwe-bark ephakanyisiweyo kwaye siboshwe kakuhle. Okokugqibela, ifakwe i-mastic ukuze ikwazi ukumiliselwa.
Umtshato oqinisekileyo
Isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiiconifers. Elona xesha liqhelekileyo lokuyenza kusebusika. Kuya kufuneka ulinde de iipateni ubuncinci zineminyaka emi-3 ubudala ukuze zikulungele ngokupheleleyo. Ibarb kufuneka ibe bud kunye ihlumelo lesiphelo kwaye ubuncinci zi-3 lateral buds.
Ukuqhekeka okulula
Le yenye yezona ntlobo zicetyiswayo zokungaqiniseki xa ipateni kunye nepiki zinobubanzi obulinganayo. Ipateni iyanqunyulwa kunye neschears zokuthena kubude obufunekayo kunye kusikiwe kwenziwa kwiziko malunga neesentimitha ezi-6 ubude.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neendidi zobugcisa obukhoyo kunye neempawu zazo.