Iseti yee-biomes ezisasazeke kwiplanethi yonke ivelisa izinto eziphilayo ezinokukwazi ukugcina ubomi. Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo zamahlathi anezinto zebhayoloji kwaye zinokusingatha isixa esikhulu sezinto eziphilayo kwindawo enye. Phakathi kweyahlukileyo iintlobo zehlathi sinamahlathi afudumeleyo, ashushu, anqabileyo, ahlala eluhlaza, amahlathi adibeneyo, phakathi kwabanye. Ngamnye kubo uneempawu ezizodwa ezenza yahluke kwabanye. Amahlathi abaluleke kakhulu kwinqanaba leplanethi kuba zizinki zecarbon dioxide kunye nemveliso yobutyebi bendalo kunye nobomi.

Ke ngoko, siza kulinikela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele yonke into ekufuneka uyazi ziindidi ezahlukeneyo zamahlathi, iimpawu zawo kunye nokubaluleka kwazo.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke uchaze iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamahlathi, kufuneka wazi ukuba yintoni ihlathi. Sisityalo esisemhlabeni esilikhaya lenani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo neendawo ezinokubakho kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Kukho iindidi ezininzi zamahlathi kuxhomekeka kwindawo ezikuyo nakwindlela ezakhiwe ngayo. Kweminye sifumana inani elikhulu lemithi, amahlahla kunye nezinye iintlobo zohlaza. Unokufumana iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana kunye nezinye ezinjengeebhaktheriya kunye nefungi.

Xa sihlalutya ikhosistim yendalo kufuneka sibone izinto eziyenzayo. Kwisandle esinye, Sinezinto ze-biotic kwaye kwelinye ziyi-abiotic. Eyokuqala zizinto ezinobomi. Zizinto ezinxibelelana kunye kwaye zenza uthotho lobudlelwane bokuphila phakathi kweentlobo. Izinto ze-Abiotic zezo zingenabomi kwaye ziiarhente zejoloji ezinje ngamatye nomhlaba, amanzi nomoya, phakathi kwabanye. Kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zeendidi ezahlukeneyo zamahlathi esinokuthi sifumane ubuninzi bezinto eziphilayo. Umzekelo, ayilingani nenani lezinto eziphilayo esiza kulibona kwihlathi elibhitye njengakumahlathi akweleenjiko.

Ukuba sigxila kwimvelaphi yeempawu zehlathi kufuneka siye kwimozulu. Imozulu yeyona nto iphambili ekuphuhliseni iintlobo zezityalo nezityalo eziqala ukukhula. Kuvela kutyani apho kukho imveliso ephambili kwinkqubo yendalo. Siyakhumbula ukuba ikhonkco lokutya linamakhonkco ahlukeneyo kwaye umgaqo yimveliso ephambili. Kuxhomekeke kwimozulu, ububanzi, amagqabi, ukumitha, ukungenelela kwabantu kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamahlathi. Makhe sibone ukuba zintoni:

Iindidi zamahlathi ngokwemozulu kunye nobude

Ihlathi leBoreal

La mahlathi aziwa ngegama le-taiga kwaye afumaneka kwindawo esemantla eplanethi. Yeyona ndawo inehlathi elibandayo. Amaqondo obushushu Bahlala besuka kubuninzi beedigri ezingama-20 ukuya ubuncinci be-60 degrees. Amahlathi atyhutywayo asasazwa kwiindawo ezininzi ezihlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezinjengeAlaska, iNorway, iCanada, iFinland, iSweden neRashiya.

Utyani olubalaseleyo kolu hlobo lwamahlathi ikakhulu yiGil sibona ngakumbi. Apha sinayo iipayini, iifirthi kunye nezilwanyana ezinjenge-elk, iibhere ze-grizzly, i-reindeer, i-owl, i-boreal lynx, i-osprey, phakathi kwabanye.

Ihlathi elipholileyo

Ngawo la mahlathi ayahluka ngokwemozulu kunye nobubanzi esikuso. Kwimozulu enemozulu epholileyo kulapho olu hlobo lwamahlathi lufunyanwa khona kwaye ziyimimandla apho, nangona zifumaneka kuzo zombini iihemispheres, zininzi kakhulu kwinxalenye esemantla. Iyabonakala ngokuba namaqondo obushushu aphakathi kunye nemvula eninzi. Uninzi lwezilwanyana ezinkulu zinako ukulala. Ezinye izilwanyana zifudukela kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo ukuseka ixesha lokuzala.

Babonakaliswe ngokuba Umhlaba otyebileyo, ochumileyo onogqume lwezityalo kunye namanqanaba aphezulu okufuma. Zonke ezi meko zokusingqongileyo zikhetha ukukhula kwe-humus esebenza njengesichumiso sendalo sokuphucula izityalo kunye nohlaza.

Ihlathi elingaphantsi komhlaba

Zifudumele ngandlel 'ithile kwaye zinobushushu obuqhelekileyo be-22 degrees. Zisondele kwiitropiki kwaye kuzo izityalo zihlala zikhulu kakhulu kwaye zigqamile ngokuba namagqabi abanzi. Banemvula ephezulu unyaka wonke kwaye amaxesha onyaka abhalwe kakhulu. Sibona amahlathi ephayini, amahlathi agqagqeneyo, amahlathi ashinyeneyo kunye namahlathi omileyo.

Ihlathi laseTropiki

Enye yeendidi ezahlukeneyo zamahlathi ngokobubanzi. Inokufumaneka kuzo zombini iihemispheres kwindawo yetropiki. Yenye yezona zishushu kakhulu nemvula ngenxa yamaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi lijikeleze iidigri ezingama-27 ngonyaka. Singafumana, ngokweengingqi, ezinye iindidi zamahlathi ashushu:

• Kufumile okanye kunamahlathi ashinyeneyo. Ikwaziwa njengehlathi elinemvula
• Ihlathi elomileyo letropiki.
• Ihlathi leMonsoon.
• Imigxobhozo okanye amahlathi ezikhukula
• Imihlume

Iindidi zamahlathi ngokwamahlamvu

Ezi ntlobo zamahlathi zahlulwe ngokweendidi zazo zamagqabi. Makhe sibone ukuba zintoni:

• Ihlathi elihlala liluhlaza: Zizo ezo zinamagqabi ahlala eluhlaza kwaye zezo zigcinwa ngesandla.
• Ihlathi elinqabileyo: Ngamahlathi abonakala ukuba anemithi enqabileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba amagqabi ayawa ngamanye amaxesha enyakeni aze aphinde ahlume ngamanye.

Iindidi zamahlathi ngokotyani

Ngaphandle kwamagqabi inokuhlelwa ngokuxhomekeke kwimithi efumaneka kula mahlathi:

• Amahlathi eConiferous: Olu hlobo lwehlathi lufumaneka ikakhulu kummandla we-taiga kwaye bayabonakala ngokuba namaqondo obushushu asezantsi. Eyona mithi iphambili ikhoyo kule mimandla yimipayini kunye nefirs. Yomibini le mithi yeyosapho lwe-coniferous kwaye ibizwa njalo kuba ikhula imile ngendlela.
• Amahlathi aluhlaza: Ziyaziwa ngokuba nezityalo ezininzi kakhulu kwaye zixinene. Amanye ala mahlathi ngamahlathi nemithi enamagqabi abanzi kakhulu. Zahlulahlulwe zaba ngamahlathi omileyo, ihlathi leemontane, ihlathi leemontane, ihlathi elifumileyo kunye nenimbosilva.
• Ihlathi elixubileyo: Udibanisa iintlobo ezimbini ezidlulileyo.

Ngokwenqanaba longenelelo kunye nefuthe lomntu

Sinokuhlela iindidi ezahlukeneyo zamahlathi ngokwenqanaba longenelelo olubangelwa ngabantu kunye nomonakalo abawenzayo. Makhe sibone ukuba zintoni:

• Amahlathi aphambili: Abantu khange bangenelele kuzo kwaye bayindalo ngokupheleleyo. Ihlala ikwiqela lezithuba zendalo ezikhuselweyo ezilungiselela ukulondolozwa kwendalo.
• Amahlathi anthropogenic: baneempembelelo ezahlukeneyo kwaye banakho okanye bangangabi ngabenzi.

Ngoku siza kubona ukuba zeziphi ezo ngokwempembelelo kokusingqongileyo:

• Amahlathi aphambili: zezendalo ngokupheleleyo. Nanku umntu khange angenelele.
• Amahlathi aphakamileyo: Abantu bangenelele ukukhupha izibonelelo zendalo. Emva kwexesha baphinde batyalwa amahlathi.
• Amahlathi angengowamvelo: zenziwe ngumntu kwaye amahlathi ayasebenza kuzo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neendidi ezahlukeneyo zamahlathi kunye nokuhlelwa kwazo.