Ukulima okunemvula kubhekiselele kuhlobo lwezityalo ezingafuni ukuba umntu aqhube inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela ngamanzi, esebenzisa amanzi emvula kuphela, esebenzisa amanzi amaninzi emvula emhlabeni. Luhlobo lwezolimo olwenzeka kwimimandla eyinkqantosi apho umyinge wemvula yonyaka ungaphantsi kwama-500 mm. Ukuqinisekisa ulimo olunengeniso yemvula, ukuntshula nokukhula kwezityalo kufuna ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kokufuma komhlaba. I imithi enemvula zezo zilinywa kolu hlobo lwezolimo.
Ngesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela yonke into okufuneka uyazi malunga nemithi enemvula, iimpawu zayo kunye neminye imizekelo.
imithi enemvula
Ngenxa yobume benkqubo yezolimo efumana imvula, inoluhlu lweempawu ezikhethekileyo njengoko ichasa ngokupheleleyo ulimo olunkcenkceshelwayo:
- Ulimo olunemvula lulinganiselwe kwiindawo ezinemvula encinane, okanye kwenzeka kuphela ngamaxesha athile onyaka, njengamazwe anamaxesha amane onyaka.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezityalo zokulima okunemvula, kusetyenziswa i-monoculture, oko kukuthi, isityalo esinye sikhuliswa ngexesha, kwaye izityalo ziyajikeleziswa okanye zitshintshwe rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu.
- Khulisa umhlaba, usebenzisa izichumisi eziphilayo, efunyenwe ngenkqubo yebhayoloji yokubola okulawulwayo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-compost okanye umgquba, ukunika umhlaba zonke izondlo ezifunekayo ukufunxa izityalo.
- Impembelelo kokusingqongileyo incinci kwaye ngoko izinzileyo kwixesha elide. Kufuneka umsebenzi omncinci kakhulu.
Uncedo lwezolimo olunikwa imvula zezi zilandelayo:
- Ulimo oluzinzileyo lwemvula lwenzeka ngexesha leemvula, okuvumela ukulima ukwandiswa komhlaba omkhulu, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umsebenzi ogqithisileyo wokuqhuba wonke umsebenzi wokutyala, ukunyamekela nokuvuna isityalo.
- Yandisa ukuchuma komhlaba, Inceda ukukhusela okusingqongileyo kwaye igcina amanzi amaninzi okusela.
- Amasimi anemvula asebenzisa umhlaba ngcono kwiindawo ezisingqongileyo ezingenakulinywa ngenxa yokungabikho kwamanzi okanye umhlaba ongaqhelekanga.
- Ukuba imvula inqabile ngenxa yemozulu, ezinye izityalo zinokuphila kuba ezinye izityalo zinokufunxa ukufuma okugcinwe emhlabeni, nakwimijikelo yemvula yangaphambili.
Kodwa ikwanazo ezinye izinto ezingeloncedo:
- Ukulima okunemvula kunokuchatshazelwa kakhulu yimozulu enokwenzeka, ekubeni izityalo zinokoma ngenxa yokungabikho kwamanzi, okanye zonakaliswe ngokugqithisileyo.
- Ukutshintsha kweqondo lobushushu ngesiquphe ngomnye umngcipheko kulimo lwemveli olunikwa imvula, ekubeni ukwanda kobushushu kunciphisa ukufuma komhlaba kwaye ingqele iwunyakamisa umhlaba.
- Imveliso inokuchatshazelwa ziziganeko zemozulu kunye notshintsho oluya kuchaphazela kakhulu imimandla exhomekeke kwezi zityalo.
Ukumisela ukuba zeziphi izityalo ezinengeniso kakhulu kumasimi ezityalo ezigcina imvula, izinto ezininzi kufuneka ziqwalaselwe, ezifana nodidi lomhlaba, ukwanda komhlaba kunye nezinye izinto zokukhetha eyona ngeniso. Phakathi kwemithi yeziqhamo, sinokubonisa ukuthandwa kwakutshanje kwe I-almond, i-olive kunye nemithi ye-carob njengezona zithandwayo. Imifuno kunye nemifuno kunye neesiriyeli nazo zivelele.
Iimpawu zemithi enemvula
Ukukhethwa kwemithi yemvula ayixhomekanga kuphela ekomeni kwemozulu, kodwa nakwiqondo lokushisa, kunjalo. Wayesebenza kummandla weMeditera, nakwimimandla epholileyo neyomileyo nemozulu eethe-ethe yetropiki, ezinye ziwela phakathi kwezinye kodwa kwezinye kungekhona kwezinye. Umhlaba owomileyo ngulowo kukho ngaphantsi kwe-500 mm yemvula. Kodwa kwakhona kufuneka siqonde ukuba kukho iimozulu esizithatha njengezomileyo kuba zisesichengeni. Ke ngelixa zinokuba ngaphezulu kancinci, emazantsi eSpain ngo-2016-17 (600mm yemvula), ziimozulu ezibuthathaka, Ukuzulazula malunga neenyanga ezi-7 kunye nemvula encinci okanye ingabikho, ngamanye amaxesha iba namandla kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni.
Le mithi i-photosynthesize ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ivala i-stomata yayo ukunciphisa ilahleko yamanzi ngokuphuma kwamanzi. Kwakhona kufuneka ndithathele ingqalelo ukuba iziqhamo zayo zidinga amanzi amancinci ukuze zikhule. Oku kuthetha ukuba imithi eyondliwa yimvula inokunyamezela ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ngaphandle kwemvula ngaphandle kokwenza umonakalo.
Imithi yeziqhamo ekwaziyo ukumelana nembalela
Ngaphandle kwemithi yokondliwa yimvula, kukwakho nemithi yeziqhamo ekwaziyo ukunyamezela imbalela. Makhe sijonge eminye yeyona mizekelo ibalaseleyo:
Umjube
Imihla ngemihla ngumthi onoxanduva lokuvelisa iziqhamo, ezidla ngokuvuthwa ngoSeptemba kwaye zikhangeleka njengeminquma okanye iidatithi. Xa isentsha ngokupheleleyo, inyama yayo iluhlaza ngokukhanyayo ngombala kwaye ifana kakhulu ngokuthungwa kunye nencasa yeapile. Isenokwenziwa yome okanye ijam. Ngumthi weziqhamo wase-Ibero-Afrika. Ilinywa kakhulu kwingingqi yeMeditera, kodwa nakuMntla Afrika.
Arbutus
Umthi wamaqunube ngumthi weziqhamo ezihlala ixesha elide kwindawo eyomileyo nesiqhamo sawo sivuthwa ekwindla. Ukukhula kwayo kuphakathi, okanye kunoko kucotha. Olona phawu lubalulekileyo lwalo mthi kukuba lumelana kakhulu nokubanda. Iziqhamo zayo zincinci, amaqunube angqukuva, malunga ne-2 cm kuphela ububanzi. Ezi ziqhamo ziyatyiwa kwaye eneneni zinencasa kangangokuba zinokusetyenziselwa ukwenza iziselo. Ikwangumthi omhle kakhulu onemisebenzi yokuhombisa egadini.
iplamu
Imithi yePlum iphakathi kweyona mithi yeziqhamo ilula ukuyikhulisa. Imvelaphi yasePersi naseCaucasus, inokufikelela kubude obuziimitha ezi-6 okanye ezi-7. Ichasa ngokugqibeleleyo ukushisa kwaye ifanelekile kwimozulu ngaphandle kwamanzi amaninzi. Ezi mpawu ziyafana neapilkosi, omnye umthi weziqhamo onemvula ekwazi ukumelana nokunqaba kwamanzi kakuhle.
Umhla
Sisityalo sokukhwela isiqingatha semithi. Iveliswe kwiziqhamo zayo, iidiliya kunye newayini, iyimveliso yexabiso elikhulu lenkcubeko kunye nezoqoqosho, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezithile ze-Iberia Peninsula.
Iidiliya zivuthwa ehlotyeni, kwaye ukuba unika izityalo inkathalo eziyifunayo, uya kuba nesivuno esihle. Zama ukufumana malunga neeyure ezi-6 zokukhanya kwelanga ngosuku, kwaye ukhusele izinambuzane kunye nezifo (ukufuma kukhuthaza ukukhula kwefungi). Kufuneka kuthenwe rhoqo. Imelana nesomiso kakuhle, kodwa nangona kunjalo, ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo kwesi sityalo kuyacetyiswa, ngakumbi ehlotyeni.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nemithi yemvula kunye neempawu zayo.