A la impukane yomnquma Ngendlela efanayo sinokuyazi ngegama lenzululwazi Bactrocea oleae, Olu hlobo lwesinambuzane luhlobo lwesapho lakwaTephritidae.
Ngendlela efanayo singagxininisa ukuba le yimpukane eyaziwa ngegama esele siyikhankanyile kuba xa ikwisigaba sombungu, ihlala ngesiqhelo isebenzisa umgubo wesiqhamo njengomthombo wokutyaUnobangela wale nto kukuba wanikwa igama lempukane yomnquma, ke olu luhlobo oluhlangabezana neempawu zeempukane ezondla iziqhamo.
Olive fly uphawu
Ukuqala, siza kuqala kwezona mpawu ziphambili ze-morphology yempukane yomnquma, kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba ahambelana nala maqanda alolu hlobo, siyazi ukuba banokuba nomlinganiso ophakathi kwe-0,7 yeemilimitha kunye ne-1,2 yeemilimitha, kwangaxeshanye inomfanekiso omde kwaye unesiseko esisicaba, ngendlela efanayo, eli liqanda elinethuba lokuba noluphi uhlobo lwesifubeni, esinomsebenzi wokuzaliseka yenkqubo yokuphefumla kombungu.
Nje ukuba iqanda lidlule kweli nqanaba liye kwinqanaba lobungu, iimpawu ezinazo zihambelana nenkangeleko enayo, kuba ngokubanzi inemilo etsobhileyo kwaye kwangaxeshanye ifana nesilindaNgendlela efanayo, sinokuqaqambisa ukuba nje ukuba umbungu okhankanywe ngasentla ukwimeko ethile yokuvuthwa, unokufikelela kumlinganiso onokufumaneka phakathi kweemilimitha ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-7.
Kwelinye icala kwaye ukuba sithetha ngombala onawo lo mbungu, le ithoni iphakathi okumhlophe namthubi.
Xa olu didi lugqibile ukugqitha kwisigaba ngasinye esinento yokwenza nophuhliso lwe-morphology kwaye sele ikho imeko yempukane kwinqanaba layo lokudala, Inemilinganiselo ethile ephakathi kweemilimitha ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-5.
Ngokubanzi, ukuze sibonakalise ukuba oluhlobo lunjani, kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo oko lo unombala omnyama kwiincopho zamaphiko kwaye ihlala yandisiwe ide ifike kwiseli yangasemva.
Kwelinye icala kunye nokuthatha ingqalelo Iimpawu zokuqaqambisa iimpukane yomthi womnquma kwinqanaba lawo lokuba mdala, singathi unombala othile kwimibala emdaka kwaye ngaxeshanye ibomvu kwaye ngokubhekisele kummandla wesifuba onempukane yomnquma, unombala othile omthubi umbala.
Kwelinye icala ngokubhekisele kwimeko yamaphiko, sinokuzijonga ukuba Zicacile.
Ngokubhekisele kwintoni umjikelo webhayiloji wale ndidi, siyayazi loo nto iyakwazi ukwahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwixesha lonyaka, kuba ngexesha apho imozulu ishushu kweziphi iinyanga ezingqamene nentwasahlobo nehlobo, inexesha okanye amanqanaba obomi ahluke ngokupheleleyo kuleyo yenzekayo xa i-fly del olivo inethuba lokuphila zeziphi iinyanga ezinamaqondo obushushu abanda kakhulu enyakeni, la ngamaxesha ekwindla nasebusika.
Ukonakala kunye neempawu ezibangela oko
Umonakalo odlalwa yimpukane yomnquma ufumaneka kuphela kwisiqhamo, ngakumbi ngakumbi oko kukuthi kwenzeka xa bekwinqanaba labo lobungu banokuba ziindidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo:
Umonakalo ngqo
Ukonakala kwempuphu kuye kwaveliswa ngenxa yegalari ezibangela ukuba iziqhamo zingabinamsebenzi ncam njengeminquma yasetafileni, ngaphandle kwenyani yokuba iziqhamo ziyawa phambi kokuba zivunwe kwaye inobunzima obuncitshisiweyo.
Umonakalo ongangqalanga
Ezi zimele umthombo wosulelo lwebhaktheriya kunye nefungi ukungena, ukuguqula oko Iimpawu ze-organoleptic kunye ne-asidi kubangela ukuba iminquma isetyenziselwe ukuvelisa ioyile, kukuba ikumgangatho ombi.
Unyango
Unyango oluchasene nempukane yomnquma, nokuba kukulawula okanye ukuthintela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uyikhumbule amanqanaba eempukane zomnquma, ukulungiselela ukufezekisa elona xesha lilungileyo lesicelo, ukunciphisa ifuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo kwaye kwangaxeshanye kufezekiswe ukusebenza okuphezulu okunokwenzeka.
Ngale ndlela sinokwenza iindlela ezahlukeneyo zolawulo ezinje:
Ukubeka imigibe ngobuninzi
Into yokuqala yokubanakho ukwenza ukuthintela izinambuzane kukuba ube nolwazi oluyimfuneko malunga nenqanaba labemi njengoko besesitshilo. singasebenzisa ukukopela gadalala, into eyenziwayo kusetyenziswa uthotho lweemveliso ezinomtsalane ukunciphisa inani leempukane xa zikwisigaba sabantu abadala kwaye kwangaxeshanye sinokubala inani labemi. Singawenza lo msebenzi nge aboyikisayo beempukane okanye nangemigibe eminye, ezixutywe macala omabini zigqunywe ziipheromones, ukunciphisa inani lamadoda kwaye ke kunciphisa ukuzala.
Ulawulo lwebhayoloji
Ukuthathela ingqalelo uphononongo olwenziweyo, iintshaba zendalo azidlali ndima efanelekileyo ngokubhekisele kulawulo lwempukane yomnquma, ngokulula kunciphisa ukukhula kwezinambuzane ngobukho buka-Opius Concolor ebaleni, esisinambuzane esityisa impukane yomnquma, oko ke kunciphisa ukukhula kwenani labemi.
Ulawulo lweekhemikhali
Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba yintoni ipesenti yeminquma ecoliweyo, sinokuphumeza iintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zonyango:
Unyango lwezithiyelo
Ngokubanzi, ihlala isenziwa xa ipesenti yeminquma ecoliweyo kumthi ngamnye isezantsi kakhulu, into iphakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-2% okanye xa kuqokelelwe iimpukane ezindala ezingaphezu kwesihlanu kumgxothi ngamnye weempukane. Oku Sisisombululo esenziwe ngeprotheni enehydrolyzed esebenza njengesithiyelo esixutywe nesibulali zinambuzane ezinje nge-dimethoate kunye namanzi, kuba kuya kufuneka ufefe kuphela ubuso obusezantsi bomthi womnquma ukunciphisa inani lesigaba sabadala.
Unyango olupheleleyo
Oku kusetyenziswa xa ipesenti yomnquma ocoliweyo kumthi ngamnye iphakathi kwesi-7 nesi-8% kwaye imalunga nokumanzisa wonke umphezulu womthi ukuze kupheliswe iimpukane ezindala nemibungu.