Indlela yokutyala iitapile eziphothiweyo

Iitapile (I-solanum tuberosum) ivela kwintsapho ye-Solanaceae, intsapho efanayo yebhotani yeetamatato kunye ne-aubergines, i-tubers yayo isetyenziswe kakhulu kwaye ngexesha elifanayo ukutya okulinywayo kwihlabathi. I-solanum tuberosum ligama lebhotani leetapile eziqhelekileyo, ukutya okuthandwa kakhulu ekhitshini, kangangokuba kukwenza uzibuze ukuba ungatyala nini kwaye njani iitapile eziphothiweyo. Ukulinywa kweetapile akufuni indawo enkulu eluhlaza, ekubeni zinokukhuliswa kwiimbiza kwaye zibe nazo kwi-terrace okanye kwi-balcony.

Le yenye yezona mifuno zidumileyo kwihlabathi, ngakumbi eYurophu naseMntla Melika. Kulula ukuzikhulisa, zinokukhula kwimihlaba eyahlukahlukeneyo, kwaye zifuna amanzi amancinci.. Oku kutya kune phosphorus kunye ne potassium kwaye kugaywa lula. Zinokukhuliswa unyaka wonke, into ebalulekileyo kukuphepha amaqondo obushushu aphantsi: malunga ne-zero, izityalo ziyafa. Zinkcenkceshelwa rhoqo ebusuku.

Izixhobo zokutyala iitapile eziphothiweyo

Iitapile kukutya okunempilo kunokulinywa phantse unyaka wonke phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo. Ukutyala itapile kwizikhongozeli kunciphisa zombini indawo efunekayo kunye nobungozi bezinambuzane kunye nezifo. Ekubeni iitapile zikhula ngaphantsi komhlaba kwaye zifuna indawo eninzi, ekuphela kwento efunekayo yimbiza enkulu, eyomeleleyo.

Xa kuziwa ekutyaleni iitapile, kufuneka wazi ukuba yeyiphi na oza kuyityala kwaye nini. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeetapile onokukhetha kuzo, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo zahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amahlanu ngokwexesha lokuvuna: ekuqaleni, esitsha, phakathi enyakeni, engundoqo nasemva kwexesha. Ukwazi ukuba zeliphi iqela iitapile zakho kunokukunceda ukhethe ixesha lokutyala kunye nokuzivuna.

• Ezokuqala kufuneka zihlwayelwe kakade ngoFebruwari kwaye zivunwe ngoMeyi.
• Ezintsha zityalwa ngoMatshi, kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kokuba zikhule, yaye zivunwa ngoJuni okanye ngoJulayi.
• Ezaphakathi esizini zityalwa ngoAprili zize zivunwe ngoAgasti okanye ngoSeptemba.
• Iindidi eziphambili zityalwa phakathi kwentwasahlobo, malunga noMeyi okanye ngoJuni, kwaye zivunwe ekwindla.
• Iindidi zamva zityalwa ngoJulayi kwaye zivunwa ngoNovemba okanye ngoDisemba.

Kubalulekile ukukhetha imbiza enkulu. Isityalo setapile sifuna isikhongozeli esinomthamo weelitha ezilishumi ukuze sikhule kakuhle. Okukhona imbiza inkulu, kokukhona isityalo sikhula ngcono. Qinisekisa ukuba imbiza inemingxuma emininzi yokukhupha amanzi. Itapile iyabola ukuba iyekwa ukuba ifunxe ixesha elide, ngoko ke amanzi kufuneka akwazi ukuphuma qho xa inkcenkceshelwa. Ukuba imbiza okanye isitya osikhethayo asinamingxuma, gqobhoza imingxunya emibini okanye emithathu emazantsi.

Kwakhona kulungele ukuba umhlaba ulungiselelwe ukutyalwa. Iibhubhu zakho ziya kufumana inkxaso yesondlo esityebileyo kwizinto eziphilayo ezivela kumxube wamalungu alinganayo omhlaba wokugalela kunye umquba. Izandla ezimbalwa zomgquba nazo zingongezwa. Umgquba, isidlo samathambo, isidlo sentlanzi, okanye i-algae yimizekelo yezichumisi eziphilayo.

Indlela yokuhlwayela ngokulula iitapile eziphothiweyo

Gubungela phantsi kweembiza ngeeshadi (iinqununu zodongwe) okanye amatye amancinci. Ezi zixhobo zinceda ukukhupha amanzi kwaye zithintele ukuba ahlale emhlabeni ixesha elide.. Gcwalisa isitya nge-10-15 cm yomhlaba olungisiweyo, njenge yi. Cinezela kancinci ngezandla zakho ukuze uqiniseke ukuba i-compact kwaye iqinile ngokwaneleyo ukukhusela iitapile ukuba zingaziki njengoko zikhula.

Embizeni, beka ii-tubers. Uninzi lwamahlumela kufuneka lujolise phezulu. Shiya isithuba esaneleyo phakathi kwe-tuber nganye kwaye uphephe ukuxubha imbiza. Isikhongozeli se-30 cm ububanzi kufuneka silingane kuphela ii-tubers ezintathu njengomgaqo jikelele. I-10 ukuya kwi-13 yeesentimitha zomhlaba kufuneka isetyenziswe ukugquma iitapile. Sebenzisa izandla zakho ukuze ucinezele i-substrate ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo, kodwa ungabi nzima kakhulu, ukuze ungatyumki iibhubhu. Nkcenkceshela kancinci. Umhlaba kufuneka ube manzi ukuya kwi-touch, kodwa ungabi manzi.

Indlela yokunyamekela iitapile eziphothiweyo

Kufuneka ushiye iibhubhu kwindawo epholileyo nemnyama. I-closet okanye igumbi lokugcina kwigumbi elingaphantsi lilungile. Zibeke kwibhokisi yeqanda okanye esinye isikhongozeli ukuze zigcinwe zime nkqo kwaye zibuye yonke imihla ukujonga ukuba ziyahluma na.

Xa besenza, ungazityala embizeni ene-substrate yegadi yasezidolophini. Iitapile kufuneka zihlume ubuninzi be-2,5 cm ekuqaleni. Ngokufanelekileyo, isitya kufuneka sibe 45-60 cm ubunzulu. Gcina iitapile rhoqo amanzi. Ungaliva inqanaba lokufuma ngokufaka incam yomnwe wakho ebumdaka.

• Ngexesha lasehlotyeni, iitapile zakho zisenokufuna ukunkcenkceshelwa kabini ngemini, ngakumbi ukuba uhlala kwindawo eshushu neyomileyo.
• Ngexesha elibandayo, izityalo ezininzi zeetapile zifuna kuphela i-intshi ezi-5-7 zemvula ngeveki ukuze zikhule kakuhle, kodwa ukuba kukho iiveki ezinde ngaphandle kwemvula kwindawo yakho, kunokufuna ukunkcenkceshelwa ngesandla. Ungabeka igeyiji yemvula kufutshane nembiza ukuze ubone ukuba izityalo zihlala zifumana imvula eyaneleyo na.

Ekugqibeleni, kufuneka ubeke imbiza kwindawo efumana ilanga okanye umthunzi. Iitapile zidinga ukukhanya kwelangaKodwa ukuba bachanabeka kwilanga elithe ngqo ixesha elide, bayabandezeleka yaye banokufa. Jonga ipH yomhlaba ngemitha okanye olunye uhlobo lovavanyo. Oku kufuneka ukwenze phakathi kwixesha lonyaka, ngakumbi ukuba amagqabi ajika abe tyheli okanye abuthathaka. Ezi zityalo zikhula kakuhle kumhlaba one pH emalunga ne 6.0. Ngenxa yokuba:

• Yongeza ngaphezulu komgquba okanye umgquba ukuba ufuna ukuthoba ipH.
• Yongeza ikalika yezolimo ukuba ufuna ukunyusa ipH.

Zilumkele izifunxi-gazi. Uninzi lwezi, njengeehophu zamagqabi, zinokususwa ngesandla. Noko ke, kwabanye kusenokufuneka basebenzise isibulali-zinambuzane esiphilayo ukuze kuthintelwe ukosuleleka okanye ukubabulala. Jonga izityalo zakho iimpawu zesifo. Izifo ezininzi, ezifana ne-downy mildew, ziyasulela, ngoko ke ukuba iitapile zibonisa iimpawu zesifo, kufuneka uzisuse ngokukhawuleza kwezinye izityalo.