Amakhowa asetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela kwaye kukho izitya ezininzi ezinombulelo kubukho bazo. Igama lesayensi ye-mushroom eqhelekileyo yi-Agaricus bisporus, i-fungus (i-Kingdom Fungi) yentsapho yase-Agaricaceae, ethandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwayo ngeendlela ezininzi zokupheka kuzo zonke iintlobo zokutya. Ukuze ufumane okuninzi kwincasa yala makhowa, kufuneka ufunde indlela yokutyala amakhowa.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela indlela yokutshala ama-mushroom kunye nento omele uyithathele ingqalelo kuyo.
Indlela yokutyala amakhowa
Ngaphambi kokuba sichaze indlela yokutyala amakhowa, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba ukuba sifuna ukuzilimela ngokwethu, kuya kufuneka ezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Izikhongozeli zeStyrofoam okanye iibhokisi ezisetyenziswa njengezindlu zokugcina izityalo.
- Umphezulu webhokisi.
- iindiza eziphekiweyo.
- I-mulch okanye i-peat.
- I-Mycelium kwiinkozo, oko kukuthi, "imbewu" okanye i-spores yefungi. Sincoma amakhowa aqhelekileyo okanye amakhowa e-portobello.
Zonke ezi zintlu zezinto eziphathekayo zilungiselelwe kukhunjulwa ukuba siya kudibanisa ibhokisi yegreenhouse ngokwethu. Ukuba sifuna ukuwenza lula umsebenzi, sinokuwufumana I-Alpaca Mushroom Grow Kit, ene-mycelium kunye ne-mushroom substrate ekulungeleyo, iqinisekisa imveliso yokuqala kunye nokwandisa omnye unyaka.
Indlela yokutshala ama-mushroom ekhaya
Okokuqala, kufuneka sigxininise indlela ekubaluleke ngayo ukuba izandla zicoceke kakhulu kwaye zine-disinfected kunye lungisa yonke imiphezulu, izitya kunye nezixhobo zokulima amakhowa. Kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba singayiqondi loo nto sinokuvelisa iintsholongwane eziyingozi ngezandla zethu, xa sithimla okanye sikhohlela kufutshane, nto leyo enokunceda ukukhula komngundo ofunekayo. Ukukhulisa ama-mushroom ekhaya ukusuka ekuqaleni, landela la manyathelo:
- Faka umququ kwi-emele kunye nomgquba.
- Yongeza amanzi amancinci ukunyakamisa izithako kwaye udibanise kakuhle.
- Ukuba udla ngokusela ikofu ekhaya, kungcono ukushiya iindawo zekofu kumxube kweli nqanaba, njengoko zinomsoco kakhulu kwi-fungus kwaye zingakhokelela ekukhuleni kwefungal.
- Nje ukuba ixutywe kakuhle, yigqithisele kwibhokisi yeStyrofoam. Musa ukoyika ukuyigcwalisa, ngakumbi ukuba isiciko side ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela ukungunda ukuba kukhule. Khumbula ukuba lo mxube uya kuba kukutya kwefungus, kwaye i-substrate eninzi inakho, kuya kubakho ama-mushroom amaninzi.
- Phalaza i-mycelium engumgubo, eyi-fungus ngokwayo.
- Gquma umphezulu nge-1 cm ukuya kwi-2 cm ye-peat okanye i-mulch ifumile ngaphambili, apho amanzi amaninzi kufuneka atshizwe ukunika ukufuma okuyimfuneko ekukhuleni komngundo.
- Gquma ibhokisi kubushushu obuphakathi kwe 22 ºC kunye ne 37 ºC, ukhuselwe ekukhanyeni.
- Kubalulekile ukugcina ibhokisi emanzi, sebenzisa ibhotile yokutshiza rhoqo ukuze usebenzise inani elincinci lokufuma.
- Emva kweentsuku ezi-7, kufuneka ukwazi ukwahlula iinwele ezingwevu kwi-mycelium ekhulileyo. Ngoko ke kuba luncedo ukuba nenvula yesivalo ukuze kungene ukukhanya. Yenza umngxuma kwaye ugubungele ngefilimu yokutya.
- Ukususela ngoku, kuya kuba lula ukubeka ibhokisi ekukhanyeni kwelanga, kodwa kungekhona ngokupheleleyo ebumnyameni, kwaye ngamaxesha athile umhlaba ufukame, kodwa kungekhona ama-mushroom, ukugcina umgangatho omhle womswakama, malunga ne-80%. Kufuneka ubone amakhowa akho okuqala ekhula malunga neentsuku ezili-12, kwaye kufuneka ukwazi ukuvuna amakhowa akho okuqala malunga neentsuku ezingama-20.
amakhowa hydroponic
IHydroponics bubuchule obunokwandisa kakhulu ubutyebi besityalo, kuba zonke izondlo zilawulwa emanzini ngendlela yezisombululo zezondlo, ngokuqhelekileyo zihamba rhoqo, izityalo okanye kule meko yifungi ethatha kuphela oko. bayayidinga ngamaxesha onke.
Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa nezityalo eziqhelekileyo, izityalo ze-hydroponic zifuna ukufakelwa okukhulu emhlabeni okanye kwi-substrate, ngoko ke ukuphunyezwa kwayo kuyabiza kakhulu kwaye kuyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye ihlala ihlehliswa kwintsimi yezoshishino njengenye yeentlobo zayo ezininzi. Ukuba ufuna ukuqala ukukhula ekhaya, kungcono ukuqala ngeendlela ezilula.
Ezinye iingcebiso
Nanga amacebiso asisiseko nabalulekileyo:
- Hlamba izandla zakho kwaye ucoce zonke izixhobo ngaphambi kokuba ulungiselele iibhokisi kunye nokuxuba.
- Abanye bathi amakhowa akhula kakuhle ebumnyameni, kodwa ukukhanya okuncinci kuya kukhuthaza ukukhula okuqhubekayo. Musa ukubabhenca ekukhanyeni okuthe ngqo, kodwa ungabashiyi ebumnyameni nabo.
- Ukuba isiciko sincinci, sitshiza amanzi kwi-lid, okanye ngokuthe ngqo emhlabeni, kodwa kungekhona kumakhowa, aya kubola.
- Qokelela amakhowa kwaye uwasuse ngononophelo ngaphandle kokuwasika ukuthintela ukubola.
Ukuzaliswa, izinambuzane kunye nezifo
Amakhowa avelisa kwakhona nge-mycelium, indlela yezityalo ye-thallus okanye i-fungus, equkethe isethi ye-filaments okanye i-hyphae. Inxalenye echumileyo ye-mushroom ifumaneka kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-hymenium, eyenziwa yiplate ehlala kwindawo engezantsi ye-cap.
I-mycelium iqulethe i-spores (kwifungi zibizwa ngokuba yiconidia) apho umngundo omtsha uvela xa sele ulinyiwe. Kukuthengwa kwebhloko kwivenkile ekhethekileyo yesicelo sakho, ilula kakhulu. Umdla onomdla: Abavuni bamakhowa basemasimini basebenzisa i-mesh bags ukwazisa imizekelo, ngoko ke, ngelixa behamba bekhangela amakhowa, iintsalela ezincanyathiselwe kumakhowa zikhululwa emhlabeni kwaye ngaloo ndlela zisasazwe ukuze zisetyenziswe kamva njenge-mycelium kwimveliso yezityalo.
Njengoko sele kutshiwo, amakhowa achatshazelwa kakhulu kukufuma okugqithisileyo, enokukhokelela ekubunjweni kwesikhunta okunzima ukuhlasela nge-fungicides, indlela yodwa yokusombulula le ngxaki kukukhusela. Emva kwesivuno ngasinye, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ucolise ibhokisi ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise kwakhona.
Xa kuziwa ekukhuliseni amakhowa kwigadi yakho yasekhaya, kuya kufuneka wazi ukuba ezona zinambuzane zaziwa kakhulu ziingolwane, ezinye iinematodes kunye nezinambuzane ezahlukeneyo:
- Izigcawu ezimhlophe: Bavelisa imingxuma engaqhelekanga kwimilenze kunye nomnqwazi.
- isigcawu esiblonde: kubangela ukuba iingcambu zokungunda zikhule.
- I-Diptera: izinambuzane ezitshabalalisa i-mycelium yefungus, ibangela ukungaphumeleli kweziqhamo kunye nokutshabalalisa i-fungi esele yenziwe.
- Isigcawu esibomvu: Khuthaza umsebenzi.
- Ooqongqothwane: Yenza imingxuma emibhoxo emincinci kumnqwazi.
- Nematodes: tshabalalisa i-mycelium yokungunda.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela yokutshala ama-mushroom kwaye zeziphi iingcebiso ezilungileyo.