Iimbotyi eziluhlaza zikwaziwa ngokuba ziimbotyi zezintso kwaye zezosapho lwembotyi. Ziqulethe inani elikhulu leprotheyini, iiminerali kunye nefiber. Ziyaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi kwaye zibonakala ngokuba nenxalenye yokunyuka. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezaziwa ngokuba zi-low bush okanye iimbotyi ezincinci, ezinokukhula okuphakathi kwaye zizenze zigqibelele ukuba zikwazi ukukhula kwiindawo ezincinci, ezifana nezitiya zasekhaya. Ukuze ukwazi ukufunda indlela yokulima iimbotyi eziluhlaza Kufuneka kuqala sazi iimfuno kunye namanyathelo ekufuneka silandele.
Ngoko ke, kweli nqaku siza kuzinikela ekuxeleleni indlela yokutshala iimbotyi eziluhlaza kunye nezinto ezifunekayo ukuze bazigcine.
Iimfuno zembotyi eluhlaza
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iimfuno eziphambili ezifunwa iimbotyi eziluhlaza ukuze zilinywe:
- Imozulu: Iimbotyi aziyi kukhula ukuba ubushushu bungaphantsi kwe-10ºC okanye ukuba iphotoperiod (ubungakanani bokukhanya obufumana ngosuku) buncitshisiwe. Zenza ngcono kwimozulu eshushu kunye nepholileyo. Ukuba sizityala kwiindawo ezinomoya siya kuzikhusela kuba zizityalo eziethe-ethe kwaye azixhasi iziphumo ezithe ngqo zomoya onamandla.
- Isiseko: Awenzi kakuhle kumhlaba obandayo kunye nofumileyo, kodwa azenzi kakuhle xa zome kakhulu. Bathanda umhlaba oxekethileyo, ogrunjwe kakuhle, omtsha kwaye otyebileyo kwi-humus, kodwa ngaphandle komkhondo wezinto ezintsha eziphilayo. Xa sikhetha iiplani sifuna ukuba zivezwe elangeni ukuze umhlaba ufudumale.
- Izondlo: Iimbotyi azifuni kuchumisa kuba, njengezinye iimbotyi, ziyakwazi ukulungisa initrogen emoyeni ngenxa yeebhaktheriya ezifaka i-nitrifying ezingcanjini. Ukuba umhlaba utyeke kakhulu, kusenokuba nomdla ukuxuba umgquba obolileyo kakhulu (i-mulch) nomhlaba kwinyanga phambi kokutyala.
- Unkcenkceshelo: Iimbotyi eziluhlaza zifuna umhlaba ongomiyo, njengoko zingakwazi ukunyamezela ukungabikho kwamanzi. Kungcono ukuba ungankcenkcesheli kakhulu ngexesha leentyantyambo zokuqala, njengoko oku kunokubangela ukuba iintyatyambo ziwe. Ziyakwazi kakhulu ukunqongophala kokufuma, kodwa amanzi amaninzi angakhokelela ekulahlekeni kwesivuno. Obona mswakama ufanelekileyo kwinqanaba lokuqala lokulima yi-60%, ilandelwa yi-65% ukuya kwi-75%. Xa unkcenkceshela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuphepha amanzi amileyo. Ngoko ke eyona nto ifanelekileyo kukunkcenkceshela ngedriphu.
Uhlwayela njani iimbotyi eziluhlaza
Sakuba siyazi ukuba zeziphi ezona mfuno ziphambili ekufuneka sizithathele ingqalelo, siza kufunda indlela yokutyala iimbotyi eziluhlaza. Iimbotyi ziyafana nezinye iimbotyi kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba uzityale ngokuthe ngqo kuba azikuxhasi kakuhle ukutyalwa ngokutsha. Ukuhlwayela kwenziwa xa ubushushu bomhlaba bungaphezulu kwe-8-10 ° C; ngoko kwiindawo ezibandayo siya kulinda de kube sekuqaleni kukaMeyi ukuze sihlwayele, ngoxa kwimimandla enemozulu epholileyo siya kukwazi ukuhlwayela ngoMatshi.
- Iimbotyi zesebe eliphantsi: Zidla ngokuhlwayelwa kwimiqolo okanye kwimiqolo engama-40-50 cm, zibeke imbewu ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-5 kwaye zingcwatywe kwimingxunya eqhubekayo eyi-30 ukuya kwi-40 cm ukuqelelana malunga ne-2 okanye i-3 cm.
- Iimbotyi ze-Enrame: Zidinga isithuba esingange 60 ukuya kwi 75 cm phakathi kwemigca okanye imisele ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwazo nokugcina umoya owaneleyo. Ngokuphathelele inani lembewu kunye nokusasazwa kwazo, kuhambelana nembotyi yasehlathini.
Iimbotyi eziluhlaza zizityalo eziethe-ethe, ngoko ke i-organic mulch kufuneka isetyenziswe ukulawula ukhula kwaye igcine umhlaba ufumile kwaye ungena nomoya. Njengoko besesixoxile ngaphambili, iimbotyi zasehlathini azifuni zidityani, kodwa iimbotyi ezimnyama zenza ngenxa yokuba zikhula ngokuzisonga ngezinto eziqinileyo. Kule nto siza kubeka ezinye iintonga okanye izibonda ezimalunga ne-2 okanye i-2,5m ukuze zibe phezulu. Isakhiwo esiqhelekileyo sokubeka izikhonkwane yipiramidi, kuba oku siza kudibanisa imiqolo emibini yeengcongolo, siya kuzithobisa kwaye siza kuzibopha phakathi.
Enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo zokufunda ukutyalwa kweembotyi eziluhlaza lunxulumano olunokwenziwa phakathi kwezinye izityalo. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni unxulumano oluphambili:
Inhlanganisela edumileyo yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-pre-Columbian association, apho umbona, iimbotyi kunye nesquash zongezwa. Umbona ngumgcini we squash kwaye ulungisa initrogen. Ithanga lithatha indawo phakathi kwezityalo zombona. Ukongezelela, zidibanisa ngokugqibeleleyo kunye ne-karoti, iklabishi, ikhukhamba, i-strawberry, i-parsley, iitapile kunye nezityalo zetamatato. Kodwa azifanelekanga igalikhi, itswele, i-fennel okanye iiliki.
Ngokuphathelele ukujikeleza kwezityalo, azifuni kakhulu kwizityalo, kwaye nangona kunjalo, ukuphepha izifo okanye ii-parasites, kungcono ukushiya iminyaka emibini okanye emithathu ngaphandle ngaphambi kokukhula kwindawo enye.
Iindyikitya zokufa nezifo
Enye yezinto ekufuneka uyikhumbule xa ufunda indlela yokukhulisa iimbotyi eziluhlaza zizinambuzane nezifo ezinokuchaphazela izityalo. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi eziphambili:
- Intwala eluhlaza kunye nemnyama: Ukuba isityalo sihlaselwa ngexesha, kwanele ukusincothula. Ukuba ingxaki ixhaphake, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise isepha ye-potassium ngeoli ye-neem.
- Izinambuzane zesigcawu kunye nezinye iimites: Bahlasela ukuba kukho ukungabikho kokunkcenkceshela, ngoko sigcina ukufuma komhlaba, nokuba i-mulch iyacetyiswa. Uqhambuko oluqhelekileyo sisebenzisa isepha ye-potassium kunye ne-oyile ye-neem, ukongezelela i-extract yegalikhi iyasinceda ukuba siyithintele.
- I-anthracnose: esi sisifo esivelisa amabala amnyama emagqabini nakwimidumba ukuba imozulu ifume kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ukuba imozulu ifumile kakhulu, siya kuzama ukungachukumisi okanye ukuvuna. Sinokutshiza i-horsetail ukuba sizikhulisela kwiindawo ezifumileyo. Ukuba uhlaselo luqhelekileyo, siya kukhetha ukuncothula nokutshisa izityalo ezichaphazelekayo.
- Ukungunda: Le yifungus eyenzeka ngokubanzi xa ukufuma kunye nobushushu buphezulu. Ukunqanda oku, siya kusebenzisa i-horsetail kwaye sizame ukuqinisekisa ukuba isityalo sinomoya olungileyo. Ukuba isifo sixhaphake kakhulu, siya kusebenzisa i-Bacillus thuringiensis ukutshisa.
Ukuvuna iimbotyi
Emva kokuhlwayela kuthatha malunga neenyanga ezimbini okanye ezintathu ukuvuna, ukuba oko siza kukufumana ziimbotyi ezomileyo, siza kulinda iinyanga ezine ngaphambi kokuba zivuthwe kwaye zome.
Kucetyiswa ukuba uqokelele iipods njengoko zenziwe, musa ukuzishiya ematyholweni ixesha elide njengoko ziya kuba yimicu kwaye ukudla okuziinkozo kuya kumila ngokukhawuleza. Izityalo zibuthathaka, ngoko sizama ukungonakalisi amahlumela amancinci, iipods kunye neentyatyambo ngexesha lokuvuna. Ukugcina imveliso elungileyo, ukunkcenkceshelwa okubanzi emva kokuvuna kuyacetyiswa.
Ukuvuna iimbotyi ezomileyo, sinokukha elinye lamatyholo esiwabonayo iimbotyi ezivuthiweyo, okanye yiyeke yonke imidumba ivuthwe kwaye iqokelele izityalo, ziyeke zome elangeni kangangeveki, emva koko zivuthulule amatyholo ukuze zome. Imidumba iyacolwa kwaye imbewu ikhululekile.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokutyala iimbotyi eziluhlaza.