Iimpawu zemithi yamatye kunye nendlela yokutyala iipine nut

Namhlanje siza kuthetha nawe malunga nohlobo lwesityalo esingesosityalo ngokwaso. Imalunga namandongomane ompayini. Amandongomane ompayini awalinywa, kodwa aqokelelwa kumahlathi ephayini. Ziyimveliso yehlathi endaweni yezolimo, kuba azidingi kulima, ukulungiswa komhlaba, okanye inkathalo enkulu njengezityalo zezolimo.

Emva koko siza kukubonisa ezona mpawu ziphambili zemipayini yamatye, iipine nut, iimfuno zabo kunye nendlela yokuzifumana. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngamantongomane ompayini?

Ipayini yelitye (iPinus Pinea)

Umthi aphuma kuwo amandongomane ompayini yipine yelitye. Ngumthi ngokukodwa ovela kwiMeditera naseSpain ongenayo imvelaphi ethile. Igama layo lenzululwazi ngu UPinus pinea L. kwaye kunjalo kulo lonke unxweme lweMeditera ukuya eTshayina. Imvelaphi yayo, nangona ingaziwa kakuhle, yiMeditera kwaye, nangona inoluhlu olubanzi, iSpain lelona lizwe lineyona mithi iphakathi yelitye emhlabeni. Ukongeza, singabavelisi bokuqala beepine kwihlabathi, beqaqambisa iindawo ezinje ngeAndalusia okanye iCastilla y León.

Ixabiso lemipayini kunye neepine nut

Xa sithetha ngexabiso lezityalo, sihlala sibhekisa kwiziqhamo zazo. Oko kukuthi, isityalo setumato, ngaphandle kwaso, asinalo ixabiso okanye ukubaluleka okukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yepine yamatye, ixabiso layo lezoqoqosho alinakubalwa. Ukususela kwixesha elidlulileyo, UPinus pinea L.  ibe sisibonelelo esilungileyo sokutya nemithi Ukusetyenziswa kulwakhiwo olufana neenqanawa.

Amandongomane ompayini afunwa kakhulu kwihlabathi lokupheka, kuba iyinxalenye yeedessert ezininzi kunye nezitya eziqhelekileyo zeendawo zaseYurophu. Ukongeza, bebeyinxalenye yokutya kwabantu iminyaka eliwaka. Namhlanje, isizathu sokuba ubuninzi beepayini zamatye zifunwa kokokutya, kodwa ngaphambili, ezinye izinto ezinjengomthi, i-resin okanye i-bark, ibaluleke kakhulu. Kwilizwe lamandla ahlaziyekayo, kufanele ukuba kwaziwe ukuba i-pinion husks iyasetyenziswa ukuveliswa kwee-biofuels.

Ngaphandle kwezixhobo zoqoqosho apho kusetyenziswa khona ipine yamatye, sikwanazo nexabiso eliphezulu lokuhombisa elinalo. Zininzi iindawo ezinayo le mithi yeepin efana ne Izixhobo zokuhombisa ezitratweni kwezixeko, ezenza inxenye yobunzima bearboreal.

Iimfuno zemithi yamatye

Le mithi, nangona ingadingi kukhathalelwa kunye nokugcinwa njengezityalo zezolimo, ikwafuna iimpawu zemozulu kunye nomhlaba.

sezulu

Ngumthi ongadingi manzi maninzi, kungoko kunjalo ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakuhle, hayi ngaphezulu kwe-40 ° C, kunye nembalela. Iyakwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu asezantsi kakuhle, isinde kwi -20 ° C, nangona -10 ° C iqala ukonzakala kumathishu kunye namagqabi.

Ndiyabulela kobu buchule bokumelana neemeko ezigqithileyo zokusingqongileyo, iipayini zamatye zisasazeke kwimimandla ebanzi yeemozulu ezahlukeneyo (kwilizwekazi kunye naselunxwemeni) nakwiindawo eziphakamileyo. phakathi kwe-0 ne-1200 yeemitha ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle.

Umgangatho

Ngokubhekisele kumhlaba, le pine ikhetha imihlaba eneasidi kunye nesanti. Kodwa kwakhona Iyakwazi ukunyamezela imihlaba yelitye lekalika kunye nodongwe, kuba isetyenziselwa ukusinda phantse kuyo nayiphi na imeko.

Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, enkosi kumandla okuziqhelanisa nayo nayiphi na imeko kunye nawo nawuphi na umhlaba, sinokufumana iipayini zamatye kwiindawo ezininzi.

Ukutya kufuneka

Ngokumalunga nesondlo semipayini, sinokuthi awudingi isixa esikhulu sezinto eziphilayo ukukhula ngokukhawuleza okanye ukunika iipine nut ezininzi. Oku kwenza ukuba ilitye lompayini libe ngumthi ofanelekileyo ukuphinda ugcwalise imihlaba ehlwempuzekileyo, ngenxa yemfuno yokutya ephantsi. Ekuphela kwento engayinyamezeliyo kakuhle ngumhlaba ekuthiwa udutyulwe ngokulula.

Imiba yokuqwalaselwa kwamantongomane ompayini

Ukuba ufuna ukufumana iipine nut zakho, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uziqwalasele kuqala:

• Ukuveliswa kwamandongomane ompayini ukusuka ku UPinus Pinea L. yenye yezinto zamva njeOko kukuthi, ukuba utyala ipine yamatye ukusuka ekuqaleni, kuya kuthatha phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30 ukunika amandongomane ompayini.
• Ukudubula kweentyatyambo kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ipine nut iya kuvuthwa kwiminyaka emi-3 emva kokudubula.
• Amandongomane ompayini atyebile ngeoyile, ezona ziphambili zii-mono kunye ne-polyunsaturated fatty acids ezifana ne-linoleic.
• Kwakhona kwaziwa ngokuba nexabiso eliphezulu leprotheni.

Ungayityala njani ipine nuts

Ukutyala amandongomane ompayini, sidinga izinto ezithile ngaphambili:

• Into ephambili yimbiza ye malunga ne-15 cm ubunzulu kunye ne-10 cm ubukhulu. Ngale ndlela, njengoko amandongomane ompayini eqala ukuntshula, anokuba sembizeni ithutyana.
• I-substrate enezinto eziphilayo kwaye ixutywe ne-perlite.
• Ukuba kusentwasahlobo kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo into yokuba, ukusebenzisa isibulali ntsholongwane yokungunda, ngaloo ndlela sinqanda umngcipheko wokuba nezifo, Kufuneka yenziwe ngobhedu okanye isalfure kwaye ukuba kusehlotyeni, siya kusebenzisa isitshizi sokwenza izinto.
• Amanzi okunkcenkceshela.

Nje ukuba yonke into ilungile, iya kuba lixesha lokulandela eli nyathelo ngenyathelo:

1. Into yokuqala yokwenza kukuthenga iinathi zepine entwasahlobo okanye ehlotyeni.
2. Emva koko, zibekwa emanzini iiyure ezingama-24.
3. Iimbiza emva koko zigcwaliswe ngomqolo ongaphantsi.
4. Emva koko, ubuninzi bepinion okanye ezimbini zibekwa kwindawo nganye.
5. Ekugqibeleni, zigutyungelwe ngumaleko obhityileyo we-substrate kunye namanzi

Xa betyaliwe, babekwa kwindawo apho banikwa khona ilanga ngqo, kwaye i-substrate igcinwa ifumile. Kwisithuba seentsuku ezilishumi elinesihlanu siza kubona okokuqala kuhluma.

Ukuvuna amandongomane ompayini

Iinanapples zivunwa ukusuka kweyoMnga. Ukulibaziseka kwengqokelela kungakhokelela ekuphulukaneni nembewu ngokusasazeka kwendalo okanye ukubiwa kwepinapple.

Kuvunwa ngesandla kwiinanapple ezivuthiweyo ezingavulwanga. Ukuze wenze oku kuyimfuneko ukunyuka imithi usebenzisa ubuchule bokunyuka. Nje ukuba iipayinapile zivunwe  kufuneka zisasazwe elangeni okanye kumagumbi okwenziwa ngumntu.  Ezi zivulwa ngobushushu kunye nokufuma okuphantsi kwaye emva koko zijike ngaphezulu kwaye zibabethe, i-pinion ikhutshwa.

Kubalulekile ukwenza le nkqubo ngononophelo kuba nawuphi na umonakalo kwizigubungelo zepine nut uchaphazela ukusebenza kunye nokuphila ixesha elide kwembewu. Ngeesefu ezifanelekileyo kunye nokwela, amaphiko kunye neentsiba ezingenanto zahlulwe kwiimpiko ezipheleleyo. Emva koko kuya kufuneka womise amandongomane ompayini  de ufikelele kumxholo wokufuma phakathi kwe-6 kunye ne-8% kwaye uzigcine kubushushu be-4-5 ° C kwisitya sokungena ngaphakathi.

Ngolu lwazi ungatyala amandongomane akho, nangona uza kuba sisiqhamo, kuya kufuneka ulinde iminyaka engama-20