Esinye sezityalo ezibonisa amathandabuzo amaninzi ngexesha lokuvuna ngumbona. Baninzi abantu abazibuzayo ixesha lokuvuna umbona kwaye yeyiphi imiba ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukwazi ukuba sele ikhule ngokwaneleyo kwaye ikwimeko entle.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ixesha lokuvuna umbona, zeziphi iimpawu omele ube nazo kunye nokunyamekela okufunekayo ukuze ube nesivuno esifanelekileyo.
Imiba yokuvuna umbona
Umjikelo wokuvuthwa kombona umiselwa sisimbuku samaqondo obushushu aqokelelweyo (i-thermal integral), ukusuka ekuhlwayeleni ukuya ekuvuneni (ukuba ukhutshiwe), okanye de kube kukuvuthwa kweenkozo ngokwasemzimbeni. I-thermal integral ihlala ihleli: kwiminyaka efudumeleyo, isixa sobushushu esifunwa zizityalo sifikelelwa kwangaphambili kuneminyaka ebandayo, kwaye iintyatyambo kunye nokuvuthwa kukwangaphambili.
Ngenxa yokuba umjikelo we-FAO usekwe phantsi kweemeko ze-US Corn Belt, izinto eziguquguqukayo zengingqi ezifana nemozulu, ukuphakama, kunye nomhla wokutyala kufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kukhethwa imbewu. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, Ukuhlwayelwa kombona kwenzeka phakathi kwenyanga kaEpreli kunye nembindi kaMeyi. Ukongeza, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo into yokuba xa kulibaziseka ukuhlwayela, umjikelo wembewu ye-FAO kufuneka ube mfutshane,
Ngokuphathelele ukuvuna, kuthathelwa ingqalelo izinto eziguquguqukayo, amaxesha amathathu aqhelekileyo anokuchongwa:
- Ingqolowa ethambileyo: kwiiveki ezintathu emva kokutyatyamba. Ngo-Agasti okanye ngoSeptemba.
- Umbona wefula: Oktobha, xa iinkozo zisondele ekuvuthweni.
- iinkozo ezomileyo: Ukususela ngoNovemba, kodwa kwiminyaka eyomileyo, ingavunwa ngo-Oktobha.
Uvunwa nini umbona
Malunga neenyanga ezi-4 emva kokuba umbona ulinyiwe, ixesha lokuvuna isikhwebu liyasondela. Kufuneka kwaziwe ukuba oku akusiyo isayensi echanekileyo, kwaye oko imozulu, ixesha lokutyala kunye nophuhliso lwezityalo kunokubangela ukuba isivuno sibe neeveki ezininzi ngaphambi kwexesha okanye emva kwexesha.
Yiyo loo nto kungenangqondo ukunika imihla ethile, kwaye kungcono kakhulu ukufunda ukujonga iindlebe ukuze uqiniseke ukuba zikwimeko ephezulu yokuvunwa. Kweli nqaku, siza kunika imihla eqikelelweyo, kodwa eyona nto iluncedo kakhulu, siya kubonisa indlela yokumisela elona xesha lilungileyo lokuvuna ngokusekelwe ekusetyenzisweni kwengqolowa.
Ixesha lokutyala, iimeko zemozulu kwindawo ekhulayo, ulawulo lwezityalo kunye neempawu zofuzo zombona ngamnye kunokukhokelela kwimihla yokuvuna kwangaphambili okanye kamva. Oku kucacile kwaye kwenzeka malunga naso nasiphi na isityalo, kodwa kwimeko yombona, kufuneka uqwalasele apho ingqolowa iya khona.
Umbona ovuthiweyo wokugcinwa
Ukuba ufuna ukuyigcina kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyikhetha ivuthiwe kwaye yomile, oko kukuthi, ayizange ibonakale kumswakama kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuvuna. Le kuphela kwendlela yokugcina isiqulatho sokufuma seenkozo sisezantsi kangangoko., ekulungele ukugcinwa kakuhle emva kokumisa umoya.
Ukhozo olomileyo ludla ngokuguba umgubo okanye ukukhahlela umbona ukondla imfuyo okanye izilwanyana zasefama.
Ukumiselwa kwemeko yokukhula ngokwasemzimbeni
Le yeminye yemiba ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukumisela imeko yokuvuthwa komzimba wombona:
- Izityalo zombona zibonisa iimpawu zokubola: amagqabi oma kwaye alahlekelwe ngumbala oluhlaza.
- Xa sikhama izikhwebu ngeminwe yethu, izikhwebu zombona aziyi kunikezela kwaye iinkozo zombona zinokuvakala ngokucacileyo.
- Ulusu lwendlebe lumnyama, lu-brittle okanye luyaxobuka.
- I-casings iba yincinci, ilula ngombala kwaye yome ngenkangeleko.
- Ezinye okanye zonke iindlebe zijongiswe phantsi kwaye ngoku zijonge emhlabeni, ngokungathi ziwile.
- Xa amakhoba esusiwe kwisikhwebu. zonke iinkozo zakhiwe kakuhle kwaye zimnyama ngokwaneleyo ukuba zingatshoni xa zicinezelwe ngozipho.
- Ukuba ukhozo luyakhiwa, kubonwa amachaphaza amnyama kwindawo olufakwe kuyo endlebeni.
Umbona ongekavuthwa wokunkonkxa okanye ukutyiwa
Xa umbona uza kutyiwa ugcadiwe okanye ubilisiwe, okanye ukuba ukhozo luza kupakishwa njengombona oswiti kwiinyanga ezizayo, kufuneka luvunwe ngaphambi kokuba ukhozo lufikelele ekuvuthweni komzimba kwaye lube lukhuni kakhulu.
Ukumisela ixesha lokuvuna umbona womntwana ngumsebenzi onzima kunokubona ukukhula. Ukuba ixesha alanelanga, iinkozo ziya kuba zithambile kakhulu okanye zingabi nasimo. Ukuba ixesha lide kakhulu, iinkozo ziya kuba nzima. Umbona oswiti uvunwa malunga neentsuku ezingama-20 emva kokuba amabhovu ekhule ezindlebeni.
Kodwa kule meko, iimpawu zinokubonwa ukuba umbona oswiti ukwixesha lawo lokuvuna. Zezi:
- Ikhoba leendlebe zombona limnyama ngombala kwaye aliziva lifumile xa ulibamba.
- Xa ucudisa iindlebe kwindawo ephakathi azinikezeli.
- Iimbotyi zimthubi ngombala (ukuba zimnyama tyheli okanye orenji, zivuthwe kakhulu)
- Cinezela ngeminwe yakho, amaqhekeza aya kukhulula kwaye akhuphe ulwelo olubisi. Ukuba ulwelo olutshiza iinkozo alunambala, kuya kufuneka ulinde ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba uvune izikhwebu. Ngokuchasene noko, ukuba kubonakala kuthambile, ixesha lokuvuna elifanelekileyo liza kuphela, ngoko kuya kufuneka ukhawuleze ngaphambi kokuba zonke izikhwebu zingabi namsebenzi kule njongo.
Iingcebiso zokwazi ixesha lokuvuna umbona oswiti
- Ukuvuna ekuseni okanye ebusuku, zama ukugcina ubushushu bupholile kangangoko kwaye iindlebe zingatshisi.
- Vuna iindlebe ngokwemigangatho kwaye zigcine zinjalo kude kube lixesha lokukhonza.
- Ngoko nangoko hambisa iindlebe kwindawo epholileyo ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga.
- Yitya okanye unako ngokukhawuleza.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nexesha lokuvuna umbona.