Umthi wefir yi-conifer esetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengesityalo sangaphakathi, kodwa inyaniso kukuba ayikwazi ukuhlala ngaphakathi: iidrafti ezivela kwi-air conditioning okanye ukufudumeza, ukungabikho kokukhanya, kunye neempazamo eziqhelekileyo Ukuzibophelela kwisityalo sakho, njengokunkcenkceshela. idla ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokuba ifuna okanye ukuyifakela isichumisi ngexesha lokuphumla, kwenza ubomi bayo bube bufutshane kakhulu. Kodwa qaphela: xa kusegadini, impilo yayo inokuba buthathaka.
Kwaye kukuba ii-microorganisms ze-pathogenic, ezifana ne-phytophthora ngokomzekelo, zingabangela iingxaki ezininzi. Kunjalo ngoba, kubalulekile ukwazi izifo zefir tree kwaye ngaloo ndlela uzame ukuyibuyisela.
Ifir luhlobo lwe-evergreen conifer efumaneka kwimimandla enemozulu epholileyo yehlabathi. Kukho ezinye, njengefir yaseKorea (Abies baseKorea) eyomeleleyo kangangokuba ikhuliswa apho imozulu ikholisa ukubanda ehlotyeni kwaye kubanda kakhulu ebusika. Kwaye kukuba kukho into apho yonke, okanye yonke into, imithi yefire efana nayo, yiyo leyo Azikwazi ukumelana nobushushu obugqithileyo kakuhle kakhulu, singasathethi ke ngembalela.
Ngaphandle koko, Sithetha ngesityalo esingafane sigule. Kakade oko akuthethi ukuba awunakuyenza loo nto; hayi ilize, ayiyeki ukuba ngumntu ophilayo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, imeko yayo yempilo inokuba buthathaka. Kodwa ngethamsanqa, ayingomthi onezifo ezininzi. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, sifuna ukuba umthi wakho wefir ube nempilo kwaye uxabiseke ixesha elide, ngoko makhe sithethe nge-pathologies enokuchaphazela:
Inaliti yeFir eFused
Umfanekiso – Andrej Kunca
Eli gama linomdla lelo sifo esibangelwa ngundo Rhabdoclina pseudotsugae, echaphazela kakhulu imithi yePseudotsuga kunye neTsuga, kodwa kunye nemithi yefir.
Kwezi zityalo, yintoni eyenzayo kubangela ukufa kwamagqabi, okubangela ukuba amasebe ome ukusuka kwincam ukuya ngasemva.
Unyango
Ukuba ubona iimpawu kwisityalo sakho, Kufuneka usike indawo echaphazelekayo kwaye utywine inxeba ngentlama yokuphilisa. Ngokunjalo, kufuneka uyinyange nge-systemic fungicide efana enye.
Umdaka weConiferous
Phantse zonke iiconifers zinokuchatshazelwa yi-oomycete Phytopthora cinnamomi. Ipayina, imisipres, iifirs, yews... Izizathu zahluke kakhulu.: umhlaba onzima kakhulu, amanzi amaninzi, izityalo ezityalwe ngokusondeleyo kunye, ukungabikho kwezondlo, phakathi kwezinye.
Xa ibonakalisa, sibona ukuba amagqabi oma ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokubola kweengcambu.
Unyango
Zombini ukukhusela kunye nokuzama ukunyanga, amayeza okungunda kufuneka agalelwe ngokuchasene nePhytophthora njenge-Aliette (iyathengiswa aphaentwasahlobo nasehlotyeni.
icytospore
Umfanekiso – uJoseph O'Brien
Abantu baseMelika bayibiza ngokuba yi-spruce canker. Ibangelwa ngumngundo Leucostone kunzei into eyenzayo kukutshabalalisa isityalo ngaphakathi, ebangela ukufa kwangaphambili kwamagqabi, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwesiqu. Kwakhona, xa isebe liwe, lishiya ibala lentlaka.
Ichaphazela imisipres yomibini (oko kukuthi, imithi ye-Abies genus), kunye nePicea kunye neminye imithi, efana nemithi yeepesika. Nangona kunjalo, kunzima kubo ukugula ukuba babonelelwa ngononophelo oluyimfuneko kwaye ukuthenwa kuyaphetshwa (okanye xa kwenzeka oko, kunyamekelwa ukuba kusetyenziswe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo nezicocekileyo).
Enyanisweni, imizekelo esemngciphekweni yezo zithwaxwa nguxinzelelo lwe-hydric ngenxa yokunqongophala okanye ukugqithisa kwamanzi, ezo zinenkqubo yeengcambu ezingekaphuhliswa ngokupheleleyo okanye ukuthena amanxeba angekapholi. Ngokunjalo, Kuya kufuneka wazi ukuba imithi emidala yefir inomngcipheko ophezulu wokubandezeleka kwesi sifo.
Unyango
Ngelishwa Olona nyango lusebenzayo luthintelo.. Kuyimfuneko ukuzama ukutshala i-fir kumhlaba ochumileyo kunye ococekileyo, apho imozulu ipholile, kunye namaqondo okushisa aphantsi ehlobo kwaye aphantsi ebusika. Ukongezelela, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba kungcono ukuba ungayithena: i-fungi ithatha inzuzo yala manxeba ukufikelela ngaphakathi kwezityalo, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ichaphazele.
Kwimeko apho kufuneka kwenziwe, kuya kwenziwa ekupheleni kobusika kunye nezixhobo ezicocekileyo zokuthena kunye ne-disinfected ngamanzi kunye nesepha yokuhlamba izitya, kunye ne-paste yokuphilisa iya kusetyenziswa emva kokusikwa nganye.
ukubola kwentliziyo yespruce
Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / Jerzy Opioła
Yifungus ye-pathogenic egama layo lezenzululwazi Phellinus hartigii eyondla kwiziqu ezindala zefir, spruce kunye nepineyini. Xa ibonakala, ithatha imo yenqina elingunxantathu malunga neesentimitha ezingama-20 ububanzi kunye neesentimitha ezingama-25 ukuphakama., edla ngokugqunywa ngama-lichens.
Iimpawu zinokubhidaniswa kunye nezo zokuguga kwendalo komthi, njengokuwa okuqhubekayo kwamagqabi, okanye ukukhula kancinci. Ngoku, ukuba sikhathalelwe kakuhle, siya kuthintela ukuba isityalo singafi ngaphambi kwexesha.
Njengoko ubona, kukho izifo ezimbalwa ezinokuthi zibe nazo i-fir. Kodwa, ndiyagxininisa, kubalulekile ukwazi iimfuno zesityalo esiya kuthenga, ngaphandle koko kuya kuba lula kakhulu ukuba sigule.